RU2553760C2 - Grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metal working by cutting and may be used in grinding operations with supply of a cutting fluid (CF). The device comprises a grinding wheel and units of air discharge from ends of the grinding wheel. The latter are installed on the ends of the wheel and are made in the form of impellers made of easily breakable material. At the ends of the wheel there are free sections, through which air is sucked from the wheel body, and underpressure is pulled in it. The angle of impeller inclination to the end surfaces of the grinding wheel reduces from its centre to the peripheral surface, which increases extent of underpressure at sections of end surfaces of the wheel that are closest to the centre and facilitates ingress of CF directly into the zone of treatment.

EFFECT: improved quality of processed surfaces.

2 dwg

Description

The device relates to the processing of metals by cutting, and in particular to a tool for abrasive processing.

A device for supplying cutting fluid (coolant) during grinding, containing a nozzle for supplying coolant to the cutting zone, a source of compressed air, elements for deflecting air flows and elements for their removal, made in the form of ejector nozzles and connected to a source of compressed air (a. S. USSR No. 1201115, V24V 55/02, 1985).

The disadvantage of this device is that the known device has a high complexity of manufacturing, requires the use of an additional source of compressed air, and, in addition, the device cannot be installed on mass-produced equipment without additional modifications to some of its components.

Also known is a grinding wheel containing a disk of abrasive material and pads located on its ends, the outer diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the disk, made in the form of successive sections, each of which is formed by moving a cross-section of a triangular profile of constant height in a spiral (as USSR No. 1556886, B24B 55/02 // B24D 5/10, 1990).

The disadvantage of this wheel is that the known grinding wheel contains pads that completely overlap the ends of the abrasive disk, which prevents the creation of rarefaction on the peripheral surface of the wheel and the penetration of coolant directly into the processing zone and into the disk. In addition, the manufacture of the linings themselves is highly labor intensive.

It is also known a device for grinding, containing a grinding wheel and nodes of the air from the ends of the grinding wheel mounted on the ends of the wheel and made in the form of impellers, and at the ends of the circle there are free areas through which air is sucked out from the body of the wheel and a vacuum is created on the peripheral surface the latter (see RF patent No. 2372180, class B24D 55/02, 2009), adopted as a prototype.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known device adopted for the prototype include the fact that in the pores of the areas closer to the center of the circle, a lower vacuum is created, the closer to the periphery (this is due to lower peripheral speed) and the air moves along the pores of the circle to the peripheral surface (which also contributes to the centrifugal force), leaving the circle through the latter and preventing the penetration of coolant directly into the cutting zone.

The invention consists in the following. Circumferential and end-face air currents created by grinding wheels rotating at high speed prevent the coolant from accessing the grinding zone. This is because the air in the pores of the circle is discarded by centrifugal force to its periphery, which creates a vacuum inside the circle, and new volumes of air are sucked through the ends of the circle. In the proposed device, the impellers mounted on the ends of the wheel circle create a vacuum inside the wheel, and in areas near the center of the wheel, they are larger than closer to the periphery due to the fact that the impellers are made in length with a decrease in the angle of inclination to the end surfaces of the grinding wheel from its center to the peripheral surface circle, and air moves in the pores of the circle from the periphery to the center, thereby creating a vacuum on the peripheral surface of the circle and ensuring the coolant directly into the cutting zone. The impellers are made of easily destructible material and wear out with the wheel without damaging the workpiece.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of the machined surfaces by improving the cooling of the grinding zone by providing a greater degree of rarefaction in the end-face sections of the end surfaces and air intake into the pores through the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that the known device contains a grinding wheel and nodes made in the form of impellers of air exhaust from the ends of the grinding wheel mounted on the ends of the wheel alternating with free sections through which air is sucked out from the body of the wheel.

The design feature is that the impellers are made along the length with a decrease in their angle of inclination to the end surfaces of the grinding wheel from its center to the peripheral surface of the wheel, which contributes to the creation of rarefaction in the parts of the end surfaces of the circle closest to the center and, as a result, on its peripheral surface , which facilitates the ingress of cutting fluid directly into the treatment area.

The drawings show:

- in FIG. 1 is a sketch of a device;

- in FIG. 2 - sections aa, bb and bb of FIG. one.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention with obtaining the above technical result are as follows.

On the standard grinding wheel 1 (see Fig. 1) are installed nodes of the air from the ends of the wheel and the circle with these nodes is fixed in the faceplate (Fig. Not shown). The air exhaust nodes are made in the form of impellers 2 and 3, and their blades are directed so that during rotation they discard air flows from the ends of the circle.

The device operates as follows. The grinding wheel is rotated and the workpiece is ground. Cutting fluid is supplied to the cutting zone in the most common way - by pouring a freely falling jet. The impellers, working as a fan, throw air from the ends of the wheel, creating a vacuum in the pores in the adjacent areas of the grinding wheel, which rushes, overcoming the centrifugal force, the air from the periphery of the grinding wheel. Moreover, the impellers along the length are made with a decrease in the angle of inclination to the end surfaces of the grinding wheel from its center to the peripheral surface of the wheel (α <β <γ, Fig. 2), which contributes to the creation of a larger vacuum in the parts of the end surfaces of the wheel closest to the center than on closest to the periphery. A rarefaction is created on the peripheral surface of the wheel, and thus the coolant, together with the air, is drawn into the space between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, falling directly into the processing zone. Thus, the workpiece is cooled directly in the cutting zone, which helps to improve the quality of the machined surfaces of the workpieces. The implementation of the impellers of easily destructible material ensures the use of the device without reinstallation until the grinding wheel is completely worn out.

Claims (1)

A device for grinding, containing a grinding wheel and nodes made in the form of impellers of air exhaust from the ends of the grinding wheel mounted on the ends of the wheel alternating with free areas through which air is sucked out from the body of the wheel, characterized in that the impellers are made with decreasing angle their inclination to the end surfaces of the grinding wheel from its center to the peripheral surface, providing greater vacuum in the parts of the end surfaces of the wheel closest to the center than on its periphery malarial surface.

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