RU2552054C1 - Siberian cedar cones oil production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: cedar cones are sorted, washed, dried till residual moisture content is equal to 10-14%, pressed in a crew or a hydraulic press under a pressure of 550-570 kg/cm and maintained under a pressure during 1-1.5 hours. The produced pulp obtained after squeezing is discarded as wastes or delivered for further processing; isolated cedar oil is settled, filtered and packaged.

EFFECT: invention allows to simplify the method and reduce its duration along with high cedar oil quality preservation.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the food, medical and cosmetic industries and can be used to produce high-quality vegetable oil from pine cones.

Cedar oil is a valuable dietary product, the use of which replenishes the body with biologically active substances necessary for life, normalizes lipolytic metabolism. The chemical composition of the oil confirms its high medical value. By the amount of phosphatide phosphorus and magnesium cedar oil surpasses all known oils. It helps to maintain high efficiency, improves blood composition, prevents tuberculosis and anemia. Massage with cedar oil helps to relieve fatigue, increase vitality, improve physical condition, and adding it to the cream helps rejuvenate the skin. In connection with the high nutritional and medical value of cedar oil and its processed products, the challenge arises of developing new methods for producing oil through the integrated processing of cedar raw materials.

To date, the main efforts of the developers are aimed at improving the known methods for producing cedar oil from the kernels of pine nuts, as well as the integrated processing of pine nuts.

Known, for example, the extraction method of complex processing of pine nuts (Patent RU N 2138541, publ. 09/27/99), including crushing unbroken pine nuts, the extraction of oil from nuts by extraction with hexane with a volume ratio of nuts to solvent 1: 3, while according to the invention, pine nuts are subjected to two-stage extraction to obtain clarified cedar oil, a precipitate containing sterols, phospholipids and fatty acids in the first stage, and a post-extraction residue, and alcohol extract in the second stage one with biologically active substances and a solid residue containing proteins and carbohydrates, and in the first stage, cedar oil is extracted at the boiling point of the extractant and the duration of the process is 2-6 hours, then cedar oil is separated into clarified cedar oil and the precipitate containing sterols, phospholipids and fatty acids, and in the second stage, flow extraction is carried out after the extraction residue with ethyl alcohol at the boiling point of the solvent and the duration of the process is 4-6 hours, liquid Tnom module 1: 3 to obtain an alcohol extract and a solid residue.

The known method allows the extraction of 22-23% of cedar oil, 5-6% alcohol extract and 71-73% of the solid residue to obtain a protein-carbohydrate complex.

The disadvantages of this method are the duration, high complexity, fire hazard and low environmental safety of the technology involving the use of large quantities of organic solvents (hexane, alcohol) at the boiling point of the latter.

A known method of complex processing of pine nuts (Guidance on the technology for the production and processing of vegetable oils and fats. L .: Minpishcheprom, 1975, vol. 1, book 1, p. 620-628), which consists in first drying the nut, then cleaning of weed impurities, calibrating the nut by size into fractions, crushing the nut, separating the kernel from the husk, double cold pressing, grinding the cold press cake, preparing the husk for final pressing, final (third) hot pressing, primary oil cleaning, crushing the oil ix cake in the crusher, grading grinding to a screening device, bagging flour.

The disadvantage of this method is the duration, complexity and low quality of the products.

The closest to the claimed method, the prototype, is a method for producing cedar oil and edible cedar oil cake (Patent RU 2181755 C1, op.27.04.2002), which consists in the fact that the feedstock (nuts) are calibrated by size in fractions in a separation unit equipped with sieve cloths or wire sieves with square holes, bring each fraction separately on a grinder of the ZShO-2 type, return the rushonka (mixture of the separated kernel with the unfinished nut) to the calibration stage to separate the kernel with the husk from the unfinished nut, Moreover, the calibration is carried out similarly to the initial calibration on sieves with square holes or wire sieves, the kernels are husked off on a Cyclone-type aspiration air unit, the nodule is torn down, the protective film is removed from the surface of the cores, oil is extracted from the cores on a screw or hydraulic press, and food is obtained oilcake, crushing and fractioning the latter, settling and filtering the oil, followed by packaging of the finished product. The yield of oil from pine nuts with a moisture content of up to 14% is 11%.

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity and duration of the process.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the known method and reduce its duration while maintaining high quality cedar oil.

The problem is solved by the claimed method of obtaining oil from cones of Siberian cedar, which consists in the following.

Raw materials (cedar cones) are sorted, washed, dried to a residual moisture content of 10-14% and subjected to pressing on a screw or hydraulic press. The cones are pressed at a pressure of 550-570 kg / cm and kept under pressure for 1-1.5 hours. The pulp obtained after squeezing the oil is sent to waste or for further processing, and the isolated cedar oil is settled, filtered and packaged.

The yield of oil from pine cones with a moisture content of up to 14% is 3.0-7.0%. Obtained by the claimed method, cedar oil is an oily liquid of a greenish color, has a weak delicate aroma, with a light bitterness, insoluble in water, easily soluble in hexane, ether, gasoline. The content of essential oils is 3.5%. Cedar oil is rich in fat-soluble vitamins, contains tocopherols, fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachinic, gondoic, eicosadiene. The fatty acid composition of the resulting oil is presented in table 1.

The defining difference of the proposed method from the prototype is that the pine cones after washing and drying are pressed under pressure of 550-570 kg / cm on a screw or hydraulic press for 1-1.5 hours, which can significantly simplify the process, reduce its complexity and reduce the duration, as well as receive high-quality cedar oil.

A search by scientific, technical and patent sources of information did not reveal a method similar to that claimed, in connection with which we can conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by the following examples of specific performance.

Example 1

3.5 kg of cones delivered from the harvesters are sorted and washed with water, which allows them to be cleaned of dirt and dust and to improve the microbiological parameters of the finished product. Then the cones are loaded into a perforated container and dried in a stream of warm air at a temperature of 25 ° C for 1.5 hours to a residual moisture content of 14%. Next, the cones are sent to a special chamber for pressing on a PG-60 hydraulic press under a pressure of 550 kg / cm for 1.5 hours. The oil is removed from the chamber through the channels provided by the design of the press. The pulp obtained after squeezing the oil is sent to waste, and the separated cedar oil is defended, filtered and packaged. The oil yield was 7.0%. The oil has the following characteristics: content of non-greasy impurities,%, not more than 0.1; moisture and volatiles,%, not more than 0.2; acid number, mg KOH / g, not more than 2; unsaponifiable substances,%, not more than 1.5; peroxide value, mmol / kg, not more than 8.0; iodine number, g, J / 100 g - 130-145. Cedar oil contains fatty acids: palmitic - 2.9%, stearic - 1.4%, oleic - 13.5%, linoleic - 47.0%, γ-linolenic - 28.7%.

Example 2

3.0 kg of cones are sorted, washed with water, loaded into a drying chamber and the cones are dried in a stream of warm air at a temperature of 36 ° C for one hour to a residual moisture content of 10%. Next, the cones are sent to a special chamber for pressing on a hydraulic press of the PG-60 brand under a pressure of 570 kg / cm for one hour. The oil is removed from the chamber through the channels provided by the design of the press. The pulp obtained after pressing the oil is crushed, dried and sent for further processing, and the isolated cedar oil is defended, filtered and packaged. The oil yield is 3.0%.

The proposed method can significantly simplify and reduce the complexity of the known process for producing cedar oil while maintaining high consumer qualities of the latter.

Claims (2)

1. The method of obtaining oil from the cones of Siberian cedar, including sorting and drying the feedstock, followed by pressing and separating oil, characterized in that the cedar cones are pre-washed in water, dried to a residual moisture content of 10-14% and pressed under pressure 550-570 kg / cm on a screw or hydraulic press for 1-1.5 hours. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressing of the cones is carried out on a screw press of the PShM type or a hydraulic press of the PG-60 type.