RU2551875C1 - Goods pressing method and press for such method implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: goods pressing method involves the pressing chamber filling with material and material pressing. After material pressing one performs the press-mould filling with compressed material by way of impression. The press for the pressing method implementation contains a pressing chamber and hobs with drives ensuring the possibility of pressing of material in the pressing chamber.

EFFECT: additionally, the press is equipped a press-mould; hobs with drives additionally ensure the possibility of pressing of material in the pressing chamber and in the partially filled press-mould as well as further impression of pressed material into the press-mould.

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of building materials and is most suitable for the manufacture of wall products, in particular stones and blocks of clay materials with parallel voids.

A known method of molding products from a powder mass is a method of forming products (copyright certificate SU No. 1299804 A1, class B28B 3/00, publ. 30.03.87, bull. No. 12). The known method selected for the prototype includes loading the feedstock into the pressing chamber and pressing in this chamber.

The disadvantage of this method of forming products is that during pressing there is significant friction of the material poured into the mold on the walls of the mold. Significant friction of the material on the walls of the mold occurs due to the fact that due to its plastic properties, the material largely transfers the pressing force in all directions, including the walls of the mold. This leads to the fact that as you move away from the movable punch in the pressing direction, the degree of compaction of the material decreases. This is especially pronounced when pressing tall products with thin walls. For such products, the contact area of the pressed material with the fixed surface of the mold, and, accordingly, the friction itself, is much larger than that of corpulent products. This drawback does not allow the use of this method of molding products for the production of products such as wall stones and blocks of high voidness.

The closest in technical essence and effect, which is achieved in the device and which is claimed, is the known device of the knee lever press СМ-143А for semi-dry pressing of products (M.Ya. Sapozhnikov, N.E. Drozdov "Guide to the equipment of building materials plants", M. , Publishing House of Construction Literature, 1970, p. 326). The known device selected for the prototype includes a mold, punches with actuators, providing the possibility of pressing in the mold material, as well as a feeder.

The known device is used for the production of semi-dry pressing with low humidity of bulk material.

A disadvantage of the known device is the impossibility of manufacturing thin-walled building products of high voidness due to the large friction of the material on the surface of the void formers, as a result of which the density of the pressed material is heterogeneous.

The basis of the invention for the method is the task: to obtain large-sized thin-walled building products from semi-dry masses by dividing the pressing process into the stage of compaction of the material to maximum density and the stage of shaping the resulting material to a product. At the first stage, the most compactable material is compressed due to the fact that the pressing chamber has a simple geometric shape and does not have elements that prevent uniform compaction. This allows you to get products with a uniform and maximum density, which are actually blanks for the next stage - giving this blank the desired shape of a more complex configuration. At the second stage, a prefabricated dense briquette (billet) is pressed into the mold. In this case, there is no additional compaction, since the material reached its maximum density at the previous stage. Penetrating into the mold, the material retains maximum density, changing only the shape.

The basis of the invention for the device is the task of improving the known device for pressing products by imparting additional functions and connections to individual elements. For the proposed method, the task is achieved by the fact that in the known pressing method, comprising loading bulk material into the pressing chamber, and pressing the material according to the invention, after pressing the bulk material, the compression mold is filled by pressing.

An option to solve the problem is pressing the bulk material in the pressing chamber and in a partially filled mold. This option is possible and rational when the elements of the mold, for example the lower punch and the ends of the void formers, form part of the inner surface, for example the lower one, of the pressing chamber. Due to this, when pressing the material, there is an additional fixation of the hollow formers located in the mold with the material sealed between them, and with further filling of the mold, the hollow formers experience less lateral loads.

For the inventive device, the task is achieved in that the press for pressing products, including a pressing chamber and punches with drives, providing the possibility of pressing located in the pressing chamber of the material according to the invention, the press is additionally equipped with a mold, and punches with drives additionally provide the possibility of pressing material in the pressing chamber and partially in the mold, as well as further pressing the compacted material into the mold.

Thus, the use of the proposed method of pressing and device will solve the issue of obtaining products with high and uniform density. Due to the pressing of bulk material in a pressing chamber that does not have void formers that prevent uniform compaction, the material is densified evenly, provided that it contains clay or other plastic components. As a result of such compaction, a material is obtained in the form of a briquette of a simple form, which has a uniform density and sufficient plastic properties to further give it the necessary shape. At the next stage, the obtained compressed material, due to its plastic properties, is pressed from the pressing chamber into the mold.

When bulk material is pressed in a volume including a pressing chamber and a small part of the mold, the material is compacted quite uniformly, since the mold is filled to a small height, but additional fixation of the weakest mold elements — void formers — by compressed material is obtained.

Figure 1 shows the design of the device. Figure 2 - sequence of operations of the pressing cycle, including partial filling of the mold.

The device for pressing products, shown in figure 1, is made in the form of a vertical press and consists of a bed (not shown), on which a feeder 1 is installed in the form of a box for feeding material to the pressing position, which simultaneously performs the function of a pressing chamber and is rigidly connected to the gate 2, which serves as a shutter for the material located in the hopper 3. The drive 4, mounted on the bed, provides reciprocating movement of the feeder 1, for loading it with bulk material in the position under the hopper 3 and feeding this material and at the pressing position between the upper 5 and lower 6 punches, the movement of which is provided by the drives 7 and 8, respectively, mounted on the bed with a collision of the product on the receiving table 9. Also, a mold 10 with hollow formers 11 is fixed on the bed.

An example of a specific embodiment of the product pressing method is shown in FIG. 2 by the example of the operation of the device that implements it.

The feeder 1 using the drive 4, takes a position under the hopper 3, is filled with bulk material and moves to the position between the upper punch 5 and the mold 10 - the pressing position, while the gate 2 overlaps the hole of the hopper 3. The lower punch 6 using the drive 8 takes a fixed upper (Fig. 2.1.1) or intermediate position for partial filling of the mold 10 (Fig. 2.1.2). The upper punch 5, the shape corresponding to the cross section of the chamber of the feeder 1, with the help of the actuator 7 performs compaction of bulk material in the chamber of the feeder 1 (Fig. 2.2.1) or in the chamber of the feeder 1 and a partially filled mold 10 (Fig. 2.2.2) . Next, the upper punch 5 using the drive 7 presses the compacted material from the chamber of the feeder 1 into the mold 10 with the void formers 11, while with the help of the drive 8 the fixation is removed from the lower punch 6, which falls down under the action of the pressed material and takes the lower position ( Fig. 2.3). The upper punch 5 with the drive 7 rises up, after which the feeder 1 with the help of the drive 4 moves to the position under the hopper 3, and the lower punch 6 with the help of the drive 8 pushes the finished product out of the mold 10 (Fig. 2.4). Further, the feeder 1 when it moves in the next cycle moves the product from the lower punch 6 to the receiving table 9 (Fig. 2.5.1), and the lower punch 6 is lowered by the drive 8 to partially fill the mold 10 (Fig. 2.5.2).

Using the proposed method of pressing products and a press for its implementation will allow:

- to obtain high-quality high hollow products with thin walls, while using material with low humidity;

- get high economic performance.

A prototype press is created and working. The method of pressing products is implemented in the device, as a result of which high-quality hollow products with thin walls 170 mm high were manufactured.

Claims (3)

1. The method of pressing products, including loading bulk material into the pressing chamber, pressing the material, characterized in that after pressing the bulk material, the compression mold is filled by pressing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressing of bulk material is performed in the pressing chamber and in a partially filled mold. 3. A press for implementing a method for pressing products, including a pressing chamber and punches with drives, enabling the pressing of the material located in the pressing chamber, characterized in that the press is additionally equipped with a mold, and punches with actuators additionally provide the ability to press the material in the chamber pressing and partially in the mold, as well as further pressing the compacted material into the mold.

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