RU2550234C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering. The internal combustion engine comprises a housing, a slide valve, a combustion chamber, channels, a fuel injection system, a compressor, an actuating mechanism and an expanding gas energy generator. The expanding gas energy generator is located between the compressor and the actuating mechanism and consists of the housing and the slide valve. Inside the housing the spherical vortex combustion chamber with two blind channels is located. The slide valve is kinematically connected with the compressor and the actuating mechanism. The slide valve has a chamfer for supply of compressed air into the combustion chamber by the channel from the compressor with subsequent shutting of the combustion chamber for injection, ignition and combustion of fuel and passing of the expanding gas energy to the actuating mechanism by the second channel towards the slide valve rotation. The slide valve by means of the chamfer brings and takes away the working body through the first blind or the second channel in tangential direction.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at creation of the expanding gas energy generator for driving of various actuating mechanisms.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy, to internal combustion engines, using in shipbuilding, in the automotive industry, in agriculture, in aviation, in railway transport, stationary and in microtechnology.

The energy capabilities of fuel in an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as ICE) are used by one third of the possible. The smallest heat loss is achieved with direct injection and a combustion chamber located in the piston. Ignition of the fuel-air mixture during the “compression” stroke occurs approximately 5 degrees to the top dead center (hereinafter - TDC) with the expansion to the maximum pressure of expanding gases, which occurs in carburetor ICEs by about 3 degrees of crank turn, in diesel engines - approximately by 15, where, under the conditions of a changing volume of the combustion chamber, upward direction leads to incomplete combustion of fuel. Diesel is also smoked because there is not enough oxygen.

Known US patent dated 04/22/2003 No. US 6,550,443 B1, the disadvantages of which include the difficulty of performing a heat engine, low life.

There are internal combustion engines: four-stroke, two-stroke, rotary, piston with their own combustion chamber, in which the stroke is within 114 degrees of rotation of the shaft from 720, which does not correspond to the increasing technical conditions of the 21st century.

Turbines and turbo-locomotors have proven themselves in energy-intensive technology and are ineffective where economical fuel consumption is required, easy start-up in any frost, where a rapidly changing engine operating mode is required, for example, in urban conditions.

There are other mechanisms that are more suitable for use as an internal combustion engine, but its own combustion chamber either does not fit into the proposed internal combustion engine, or sharply reduces its structural advantages.

For example, US patent No. 2920610, N CL. 123/246, published January 12, 1960, which is the closest analogue, i.e., a four-stroke rotary internal combustion engine containing a housing with inlet and outlet working channels, a coaxially located rotor with working blades, cylindrical spools with longitudinal edges, equipped with pins and mounted with the possibility of rotation in the bearings of the side covers of the housing and kinematically connected with the rotor, a combustion chamber with a spark plug, while a pair of spools is located in the housing, in one of which The combustion chamber is located in communication with the spark plug in the compression stroke, while the number of rotor rotor blades is equal to the number of spools, and their cross-sectional shape is made in the form of a curved surface that forms a minimum gap with the longitudinal edges of the spools in full compression stroke.

The disadvantages include: a combustion chamber located in a rotating spool, it is difficult to inject diesel fuel, gasoline, gas; to retain the energy of expanding gases in the direction of the bearing; low degree of mixing of fuel and oxidizer, where the combustion chamber located between the mating parts does not meet the tightness conditions.

The task is to create an energy generator of expanding gases to drive various actuators.

The task of improving the quality of mixing the fuel-air mixture is solved by the tangential inlet and outlet of the working fluid, where centrifugal forces push the smallest mixtures onto the wall of the combustion chamber, and the vortex flows transfer the gaseous suspension, distributed by the film, ripples.

The task of accelerating the combustion of the fuel-air mixture is solved by a rotating spool that overlaps the generator’s combustion chamber for the period of injection, ignition and fuel combustion under constant volume conditions.

The task of applying maximum gas pressure to the maximally deployed shoulder is solved by the fact that the notch at the beginning of the transfer of the working fluid has a large throughput.

The task of transferring the working fluid from one combustion chamber to another is accompanied by a breakdown of the gas stream from the short side of the nozzle with twisting, the Magnus effect, the appearance of a fire core that rolls along the long side of the nozzle and goes to the outside of the annular combustion chamber, where cold fractions of the combustion products follow orbit, while the hot ones are shifted toward the center towards the tangentially located slotted annular nozzle. At the same time, the fiery core, acting on the gaseous medium in the annular combustion chamber, accelerates it along the annular axis.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the expanding gas energy generator is located between the compressor and the actuator and consists of a housing, inside which there is a spherical vortex combustion chamber with two blind channels, and a spool with a recess kinematically connected to the compressor and the actuator. The spool was dredged to supply compressed air to the combustion chamber by a channel from the compressor, followed by the closure of the combustion chamber for the period of injection, ignition and fuel combustion, and the energy of the expanding gases was transferred to the actuator by the second channel in the direction of rotation of the spool, with the spool leading and removing the working fluid through the first blind or second channel tangentially.

That will allow:

1) use the actuator with a blade or more (Fig. 2);

2) give the energy of expanding gases to an actuator that does not have its own combustion chamber (Fig. 2);

3) give the energy of expanding gases to the actuator, which has its own charge of compressed air (Fig. 3);

4) to have the necessary compression in compression and to work for a long time in idle mode, using the generator’s combustion chamber (Fig. 4);

5) force the internal combustion engine by burning fuel in two combustion chambers (Fig. 4);

6) use a small combustion chamber for high-speed ignition of fuel in an annular vortex combustion chamber (Fig. 6);

7) use the energy of compressed air, for example, the fourth channel for silent movement with the prospect of having two torques;

8) Use the power combustion chamber of the main actuator as a silencer when operating the small combustion chamber of the generator (Fig. 4).

The expanding gas energy generator consists of:

FIG. 1. Housing - 1, rotating spool - 2, recess of spool - 3, generator combustion chamber - 4, blind channels of the combustion chamber - 5, 6, transfer channels of the working fluid - 7, 8, 9, compressor - 10.

FIG. 2. An actuator with a stroke within 300-310 degrees.

FIG. 3. Compressor, generator, actuator with its own charge of compressed air.

FIG. 4. Sequential or parallel operation of two combustion chambers, or one of them, ie generator with internal combustion engine having its own combustion chamber.

FIG. 5. Generator: fuel injection of various kinds.

FIG. 6. The operation of the generator with an annular combustion chamber.

FIG. 7. A way to double the frequency of cycles.

The method of burning fuel in an internal combustion engine is as follows and is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 1). Channel 7, the compressed air flows tangentially from the compressor through the recess 3 of the valve 2 into a spherical vortex combustion chamber 4, fuel is injected, ignited, burned with the energy of the expanding gases being tangentially deaf channel 6 into the transfer channel 8 to the actuator blade, or to the combustion engine of the engine or using a turbocharger 11 through a replenished reserve of compressed air 12 and through a recess 13 of a rotating spool 14 into a generator 15 with fuel injection, ignition and subsequent energy transfer gas expands it in an annular combustion chamber 16 which has its own fuel supply system and the internal diameter of the annular slit nozzle 17 for tangential exhaust torus.

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine with a housing, a spool, a combustion chamber, channels, a fuel injection system, characterized in that it includes a compressor, an actuator and an expanding gas energy generator located between the compressor and an actuator, consisting of a housing inside which a spherical vortex chamber is located combustion with two deaf channels, and the valve, kinematically connected with the compressor and actuator, the valve has a recess for supplying compressed air in the chamber the combustion channel by the compressor channel, followed by the closure of the combustion chamber for the period of injection, ignition and fuel combustion and the transfer of expanding gas energy to the actuator by the second channel along the direction of rotation of the valve, and the valve by means of a recess leads and leads the working fluid through the first blind or second channel tangentially.

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