RU2550119C1 - Hydraulic impact device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: device contains a housing, a connecting branch pipe, a seat with longitudinal grooves and a throttle channel, a pusher with a punched cage with a seat and a spherical valve inside, a ring piston with a hollow rod, a nut. Between the hollow rod and the barrel a ring chamber is formed which is hydraulically connected by a circulating hole with the ring channel between the barrel and the housing and, through the throttle channel in the seat body, with the axial channel of the extender. The ring piston is rigidly connected with the pusher fitted with the transitional coupling with the punched cage inside, freely installed with a possibility of interaction by the end valve on the outer side with a bearing surface in the connecting branch pipe which is rigidly connected with the housing through the extender. The nut is connected with a barrel and forms movable connection with the hollow rod. The rod is rigidly connected with the ring piston. The area of the ring piston from the side of ring chamber is smaller, than the area of the ring piston being sat on the seat.

EFFECT: design simplification, improvement of efficiency of destruction of sand plug.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas industry, in particular to devices for the destruction and removal of sand-clay and bridge plugs in the axial channel of the pipe tubing and the wellbore.

Known hydropercussion device for cleaning wells from sand plugs (see US Pat. RF №2303121, M CL E21B 37/00, publ. 20.07.2007, bull. No. 20).

The device comprises a hollow body with circulation holes, a saddle, an end valve, an annular piston rigidly mounted on a hollow spring-loaded rod installed in the axial channel of the hollow body, a crown with end teeth, a throttle and a hydraulic nozzle. A saddle is installed between the housing and the adapter, with respect to which a hollow rod springing into the axial channel of the adapter and the axial channel of the saddle is spring loaded. The crown is connected with an annular piston forming a mechanical valve with a seat. The piston is installed with the possibility of overlapping circulation openings of the housing. The annular gap between the rod and the adapter is constantly hydraulically connected to the axial channel of the rod and seat.

The device on a flexible pipe string descends into the axial channel of the pipe pipe riser to the level of the sand-clay plug location. When applying excess pressure to the working fluid, it enters the axial channel of the housing, from where it is fed into the axial channel of the crown through the circulation holes in the hollow stem. Part of the flow rate of the working fluid is constantly supplied to the surface of the sand cork. Part through the bypass holes is fed into the annular chamber of the rotating nozzle, with the release through the tangential channels to the surface of the tube. With increasing pressure of the working fluid in the axial channel of the flexible pipe string, the latter is perceived as the cross-sectional area of the annular piston, which, when the pressure drop is calculated, breaks away from the seat and moves downward in the direction of the plug, with an impact on its surface. In this case, the annular piston passes by the circulation holes in the housing, which leads to the supply of working fluid into the well cavity with an increased flow rate. In the axial channel of the housing, pressure decreases, which serves as a command to return the annular piston together with the crown to its original position, with the termination of the free discharge of the working fluid into the well bypassing the axial channel of the crown. Again there is a set of pressure, with a repetition of the duty cycle. The disadvantages of the design include:

- irrational constant flow rate of the working fluid through the throttling channel of the crown and the tangential channels of the rotating nozzle;

- if it is necessary to ensure the removal of mechanical particles to the surface, the volume of the working fluid supply through the flexible pipe string and through the device is often insufficient to create the necessary upward flow velocity in the annulus of the well. This restriction on the flow rate of the working fluid does not allow to effectively ensure the removal of mechanical particles. The use of foam systems can ensure the removal of these particles to the surface, but foam systems cannot be pumped along the axial channel of a flexible pipe string due to large hydraulic losses.

A known design of a hydraulic percussion device (see US Pat. RF No. 2448230, M CL E21B 4/14, publ. 04/20/2012).

The device is designed for drilling small wells, as well as for the destruction of cement bridges.

The device consists of a detachable body equipped with a seat, a spring-loaded mechanical valve, a spring-loaded pusher in the axial channel of the seat, the upper adapter and the nut. It is equipped with a glass with a saddle in the axial channel mounted in the detachable body, with the formation of an annular chamber between them, and a spring-loaded annular piston with a hollow rod with an internal annular protrusion, forming with the glass an annular chamber connected with the annular chamber between the glass and the detachable body.

The saddle is provided with longitudinal grooves on the inner surface and a spring-loaded step pusher in the axial channel, supported by an annular stop in the axial channel of the end valve, which interacts with the annular piston and the annular protrusion of the hollow rod, with the formation of a chamber connected by a radial channel with the annular chamber under the annular piston .

The glass is equipped with a valve in the bore, at the location of the throttle, which is configured to connect the axial channel of the upper adapter with the annular chamber between the glass and the detachable body.

The spring-loaded mechanical valve is provided with an opening configured to connect the drainage chamber in the body of the annular piston with its axial channel.

The hollow rod is equipped with an extension with a connecting thread, passed into the axial channel of the nut, made square.

Hydraulic impact device operation.

The device assembly on the drill pipe string is inserted into the well. The pump unit is connected and rotational movement is reported. When the working fluid is fed into the axial channel of the sub, it enters the annular chamber through the throttle, with transmission to the annular chamber under the annular piston, from which the working fluid is fed through the radial channels in the body of the hollow rod under the stepped end valve. With increasing pressure in the axial channel of the adapter, it acts on the stepped end valve, which is pressed against the seat by a spring. The pusher, under the action of a differential pressure, breaks away from the seat and engages in mechanical contact with the support ring in the mechanical valve, with compression of the spring. This leads to its abrupt movement relative to the annular piston, which, by the excess pressure of the working fluid acting over the entire area, moves downward relative to the annular piston, which, together with the hollow rod and extension, sharply moves downward with the impact on the surface of the plug.

When opening the end valve, the fluid enters the drainage chamber, from where it enters the axial channel of the extension cord through the holes and then to the holes in the bit. At the same time, the working fluid from the chamber through the radial channel in the body of the annular piston flows into the annular chamber, from where it flows into the annular chamber under the throttle body, and then flows through an open valve into the axial channel of the adapter with a pressure drop in the system.

By the force of a compressed spring, the pusher returns to its original position. The same thing happens with the annular piston, which, together with the hollow rod and extension cord, return to their original position.

The valve is introduced into the annular groove in the glass, with a partial overlap of the throttle section.

There is a set of pressure in the drill pipe string in the axial channel of the adapter, which is preparation for the repetition of the process.

The disadvantages of the design include:

- the complexity of the design in the manufacture, installation and operation;

- high hydraulic resistance to the flow of the working fluid;

- it is impossible to implement a reverse flow of the working fluid through the device for carrying out the removal of mechanical particles.

A hydropercussion device is known (see US Pat. RF No. 2446271, M class E21B 37/00, publ. 03/27/2012), adopted as a prototype.

The device is designed to clean the bottom of the well from dense proppant plugs.

The device includes a housing with a glass, a connecting pipe with a saddle equipped with longitudinal grooves and a throttle channel. Pusher with perforated ball valve cage, spring-loaded relative to the seat, annular piston with a hollow stem.

The annular piston is equipped with an end valve with a conical surface inside, a sleeve connected by a jumper with a pusher and installed in the axial channel of the rod, in contact with the annular piston in which the drainage holes are made. The annular chamber between the hollow rod and the glass is hydraulically connected to the annular gap between the sleeve and the hollow rod. The perforated cage is freely installed in the axial channel of the pusher and is equipped with a supporting protrusion and an adjusting nut with longitudinal grooves. The sleeve is equipped with a spring-loaded valve in the axial channel, installed with the possibility of overlapping drain holes in the conical jumper. The axial channel of the connecting pipe, above the location of the cage, is connected by a throttle channel in the saddle with an annular chamber between the glass and the body, and a radial hole in the body of the hollow rod with an annular gap between the sleeve and the glass.

The operation of the device.

On the drill pipe string, the device is inserted into the well to the location of the proppant plug. The fluid is supplied, which along the longitudinal grooves in the adjusting nut enters the axial channel of the connecting pipe and then through the longitudinal grooves in the saddle is fed into the annular space. Then through the throttle channel and the groove enters the annular chamber. Through the radial openings in the body of the glass, the working fluid passes into the annular chamber, connected by radial openings in the body of the hollow stem, with an annular gap between the sleeve and the hollow stem, and then flows to the drain openings blocked by the valve.

The flow rate of the working fluid through the throttle channel exceeds the flow rate in the annular gap between the sleeve body and the hollow rod, which leads to an increase in pressure in the axial channel of the drill string and in the connecting pipe.

The ball valve on the seat inside the cage rests the adjusting nut on the end face of the support seat. The pusher also receives excess pressure, which leads to the departure from the contact of the sleeve with the body of the mechanical valve and the opening of the free hydraulic connection of the annular chamber, through radial and drain holes, with the axial channel of the sleeve. This leads to a sharp drop in the pressure of the working fluid in the annular chamber, under the annular piston, while maintaining the effect of excessive pressure on the annular area of the mechanical valve from the side of the annular space.

This leads to a sharp movement of the annular piston with the hollow rod down relative to the cup, with the compression of the spring and the impact of the rock cutting tool on the surface of the proppant plug. Formed hydraulic connection of the axial channel of the housing through the longitudinal grooves and the annular space, drainage holes in the body of the mechanical valve and drain holes in the body of the sleeve with its axial channel. The valve is thrown down with compression of the spring, and the working fluid with an increased flow rate is discharged into the well. The pressure in the axial channel decreases, and with the help of the compressed spring, the end valve interacts with the seat and stops the direct supply of working fluid to the drainage holes.

The pusher together with the sleeve returns to its original position, with the mechanical valve pressed against the seat.

With increasing pressure in the axial channel of the connecting pipe, the flow of working fluid through the throttle channel into the annular chamber is maintained, with a set of pressure in the entire structure. The flow rate of the working fluid through the throttle channel exceeds the flow rate of the working fluid in the annular gap between the sleeve and the hollow rod.

As the proppant plug is destroyed, a drill pipe string is allowed.

In the event of a loss of circulation associated with the absorption of the working fluid by the formation, it is switched to feed into the annulus of the well, providing the specified required upstream speed in the axial channel of the drill pipe string.

 The flow of the working fluid with mechanical particles moves up the axial channel of the sleeve and the axial channel of the pusher to the ball valve with its opening and the flow through the perforated cage into the axial channel of the drill pipe string. In this case, the ball valve cage moves upward in the axial channel of the pusher until the end contact is made by the support protrusion with the conical seating surface of the support seat.

In this process, the valve is pressed against the conical surface by the force of a compressed spring, with additional pressure being pressed by a pressure drop, which eliminates the ingress of mechanical particles into the device.

After conducting a backwash, the flow of the working fluid is switched from back to direct, with the proppant tube breaking down being repeated.

The disadvantages of the design include:

- the complexity of the design in the manufacture, installation and operation;

- the presence of high hydraulic resistance during the flow of the working fluid through the device during the duty cycle.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the proposed invention:

- simplification of the design, while maintaining the functionality of the device;

- reduction of hydraulic resistance when pumping the working fluid through the device, increasing the efficiency of the destruction of sand-clay cork, with the removal of mechanical particles;

- the ability to optimize the axial load from the differential pressure on the cross section of the perforated cage and the cross-sectional area of the annular piston by transmitting the differential pressure to the annular piston from below, from the side of the annular chamber, hydraulically connected to the axial channel of the extension.

The technical result is achieved in that the hydropercussion device consists of a body, a connecting pipe, a saddle with longitudinal grooves and a throttle channel, a pusher with a perforated cage with a seat and a ball valve inside, an annular piston with a hollow rod, a nut, an annular chamber formed by a hollow rod and a glass hydraulically connected through the throttle channel to the axial channel of the extension cord. The annular piston is rigidly connected to the pusher, equipped with a transition sleeve with a perforated cage inside, installed with the possibility of interaction with the supporting surface in the connecting pipe, rigidly

connected to the housing via an extension cord. The nut is connected to the cup and forms a movable connection with the hollow stem, and the hollow stem is rigidly connected to the annular piston.

The area of the annular piston from the side of the annular chamber is taken smaller than the cross-sectional area of the annular piston when it is planted on the saddle.

The design of the hydropercussion device is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1 - sectional view of the hydraulic shock device in the initial transport position;

- in FIG. 2 - the design of the hydropercussion device in the position of the parts at the moment of interaction with the plug;

- in FIG. 3 - the relative position of the parts of the device during the reverse supply of working fluid from the well into the axial channel of the pipe tubing string.

The device consists of a housing 1 connected through an extension 2 with a connecting pipe 3.

A saddle 4 is installed at the lower end of the extension 2, with longitudinal grooves 5 on the inner surface.

A nozzle 6 is attached to the saddle 4, with the formation of an annular channel 7 with the housing 1. An axial piston 9 is placed in the axial channel 8 of the nozzle 6, which is rigidly connected to the hollow rod 10, the bit 11 is installed at its lower end. Between the hollow rod 10 and the inner surface of the nozzle 6, an annular chamber 12 is made, which is hydraulically connected by the circulation hole 13 to the cavity of the annular channel 7, hydraulically connected by the throttle channel 14 to the axial channel 15 of the extension 2. The annular piston 9 is pressed by the spring 16 to the saddle 4, which is made and It was established with the formation of a drainage chamber 17 between them, which is constantly hydraulically connected with the discharge channels 18 with the axial channel 19 of the hollow rod 10. The annular piston 9 is connected through the pusher 20 to the adapter sleeve 21 located in the axial channel 15 of the extension 2, inside which a perforated cage is freely mounted 22, in the axial channel 23 of which a seat 24 with a ball valve 25 is placed. An end valve 26 is made on the outside of the perforated cage 22. Inside the connecting pipe 3, a supporting surface 27 is made, facing to the end valve 26 on the perforated cage 22.

The annular piston 9 is pressed against the seat 4 by a spring 28, which is supported by a nut 29 connected to the nozzle 6 and forms a movable connection with the hollow rod 10, the bit 11 is installed at its lower end. The housing 1 is equipped with a rock cutting tool 30.

The annular gap between the nut 29 and the hollow stem 10 is sealed by a seal 31, and between the nut 29 and the housing 1 by a seal 32.

The area of the annular piston 9 from the side of the annular chamber 12 is taken to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the annular piston 9 when it is planted on the saddle 4 and the pressure drop is perceived from above.

The operation of the hydropercussion device.

The device on the drill pipe string is inserted into the well, bringing to the level of the location of sand-clay or bridge plugs with rock-cutting tools resting on its surface 30.

A pumping unit is connected to the drill pipe string and the working fluid is supplied under pressure and at a given flow rate. Upon reaching the calculated pressure drop, which is perceived by the perforated cage 22 and the annular piston 9 at the place of its landing on the saddle 4, the annular piston 9 is detached, and the working fluid from the axial channel 15 of the extension 2 through the longitudinal grooves 5 in the body of the saddle 4 is fed into the drainage chamber 17. Further, through the discharge channels 18, the working fluid is supplied to the axial channel 19 of the hollow rod 10, with the outflow through the channel of the bit 11 into the well cavity. When the annular piston 9 is separated from the seat 4, the pressure drop is perceived by its additional area, which leads to a sharp downward movement of the annular piston 9 with the hollow rod 10 and the bit 11, with the impact of the sand-clay cork on the surface and its destruction. When this occurs, the compression of the springs 28 and 16.

When the working fluid expires from the device with an increased flow rate, a pressure drop occurs in the axial channel 15 of the device, which leads to the return of the annular piston 9 with the hollow stem 10 to its original position, with the annular piston 9 landing on the saddle 4 and the flow of the working fluid to the well .

When the device is operating, there is a constant hydraulic connection of the axial channel 15 of the extension 2 through the throttle channel 14 with the annular channel 7 between the outer surface of the cup 6 and the inner wall of the housing 1. At the same time, there is a constant hydraulic connection of the annular channel 7 with the annular chamber 12. By this technique, permissible limits, the axial load on the cross-sectional area of the perforated cage 22 and the surface of the annular piston 9 from the side of the axial channel 15. This allows the use of springs 28 and 16 with the required Dima axial load and small dimensions.

In some cases, when using the proposed device in wells with an abnormally low reservoir pressure, absorption of the working fluid by the reservoir is observed, with a violation of the circulation regime and the cessation of the rise of mechanical particles to the surface due to a decrease in the velocity of the upward flow. In this case, the flow of working fluid through the annulus is switched off, with the return to the axial channel of the drill pipe string through the axial channel 19 of the hollow rod 10, the axial channel of the pusher 20 inside the axial channel 23 of the perforated cage 22, with the ball valve 25 raised above the seat 24. The perforated cage 22 moves upward inside the adapter sleeve 21 until the mechanical valve 26 contacts the supporting surface 27. This prevents mechanical particles from entering the axial channel 15 of the extension 2. After washing the face from mechanical particles switch the pump unit to supply the working fluid to the axial channel of the drill pipe string, with the repetition of the destruction of the sand-clay plug.

As the plugs break, a drill string of pipes is allowed with continuous supply of working fluid. To intensify the process of destruction of the sand-clay cork, it is possible to transfer torque to the housing 1 of the device, with the additional impact of the rock cutting tool 30 on the peripheral section of the sand-clay cork.

Claims (1)

A hydropercussion device for cleaning a well from sand-clay and bridge plugs, consisting of a body, a connecting pipe, a saddle with longitudinal grooves and a throttle channel, a pusher with a perforated cage with a seat and a ball valve inside, an annular piston with a hollow rod, a nut, an annular chamber between a hollow rod and a cup hydraulically connected through a throttle channel with an axial channel of the extension, characterized in that the annular piston is rigidly connected to the pusher equipped with a transition sleeve with a perforated cage inside installed freely with the possibility of interaction with the end valve on the outside with the supporting surface in the connecting pipe, rigidly connected to the housing through an extension cord, the nut is connected to the cup and forms a movable connection with the hollow rod, and the hollow rod is rigidly connected to the annular piston, and the area the annular piston from the side of the annular chamber is adopted smaller than the area of the annular piston when it is planted on the saddle.

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