RU2548848C1 - Method of surface plastic deformation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: machining of the rotating billet by the spherical deforming element is performed, the element has hardness exceeding hardness of the billet material. The spherical deforming element is installed on the support balls in the acoustic concentrator, the lubricating and cooling liquid is supplied via the axial channel. At that deforming element and lubrication and cooling liquid are subjected to amplitude or frequency modulated oscillations at ultrasonic frequency.

EFFECT: increased productivity, reduced deforming force, improved heat removal from machining zone, and residual stresses are created.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in the final processing of cylindrical and end surfaces of workpieces of parts such as bodies of revolution from various metals and alloys, as well as for the formation of specified physical and mechanical parameters of the surface layer, such as the value of residual stresses, microhardness, roughness, grain size and phase composition.

There are methods of plastic surface deformation of the cylindrical surfaces of blanks according to the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2355826, US No. 5826453, US No. 6622570 and US No. 2009/0178261. As a prototype selected US patent No. 5826453. When using this method, the friction of the reinforcing element on the surface of the workpiece to be processed causes heat in the processing zone, which in turn leads to a deterioration in the physico-mechanical parameters of the surface layer or a decrease in processing productivity. The following technical result justifies a method for solving this problem.

The technical result consists in increasing the productivity of the process of forming compressive residual stresses in the surface layer of the workpiece, providing the specified microhardness, roughness, grain size and phase composition by superimposing amplitude or frequency modulated ultrasonic frequency vibrations on a spherical deforming element mounted on support balls in acoustic concentrator, and lubricating coolant supplied through the axial channel of the acoustic concentrator spine (coolant). This is explained by an increase in the strain hardening of the material of the surface layer of the workpiece being processed due to multiple changes in the deformation force, a decrease in friction between the indenter, the workpiece, and the concentrator due to intermittent contact, an increase in the volume of coolant passing through the treatment zone due to cavitation in the liquid under the influence of ultrasound.

To achieve the specified technical result in the proposed method of processing, a deforming element of a spherical shape, which plastically deforms and strengthens the surface layer of the workpiece, is fed and pressed with some force to the workpiece cylindrical or end surface. The use of amplitude- or frequency-modulated ultrasonic vibrations significantly reduces the deformation forces required to obtain equivalent deformations, lower the contact temperature and improve heat removal from the treatment zone due to the involvement in the cavitation processes arising in the coolant in contact zones of larger air bubbles of a larger size range , allowing you to create compressive residual stresses in the surface layer, to obtain high microhardness, to reduce the height of microroughness Te, grain size and form the necessary phase composition.

Distinctive features of the proposed method lie in the imposition on the used deforming element of a spherical shape and on the amplitude or frequency-modulated oscillations of ultrasonic frequency supplied through the axial channel in the acoustic coolant concentrator. In this case, a deforming element having a higher hardness compared with the hardness of the material of the workpiece being machined is installed along the axis of the workpiece on the support balls. This allows you to generate the specified physicomechanical parameters of the surface layer of the machined part, as well as increase productivity up to 2 times while maintaining or improving the required quality parameters of the surface layer of the machined part.

Information confirming the possibility of implementation is as follows.

The proposed method is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the processing of surface plastic deformation. The diagram indicates:

1 - blank;

2 - deforming element;

3 - supporting balls;

4 - holder;

5 - acoustic hub;

V _З - rotation speed of the workpiece;

V _D - the speed of rotation of the deforming element;

Ultrasound vibrations - ultrasonic vibrations modulated in amplitude or frequency;

Coolant - cutting fluid.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the processing of cylindrical or end surfaces of a rotating workpiece 1 with a speed V ₃ is carried out by a spherical deforming element 2 having a higher hardness compared to the hardness of the material being processed and held by the holder 4 and mounted on the supporting balls 3 in the acoustic concentrator 5 , through the axial channel of which coolant is supplied to the treatment zone, while the deforming element and coolant are informed by amplitude or frequency-modulated oscillations of the ultrasonic part Toty.

Claims (1)

The method of surface plastic deformation of cylindrical or end surfaces, characterized in that the processing of the rotating workpiece with a spherical deforming element of higher hardness compared to the hardness of the material of the workpiece, mounted on the support balls in an acoustic concentrator, through which axial channel coolant is supplied, this informs the deforming element and the cutting fluid the amplitude- or frequency-modulated ultrasonic frequency bath.