RU2548464C2 - Water sampling complex and its operating method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for determining consumptions and periodic water sampling from different horizons of a peat deposit, which are fixed as to depth. The complex includes a well casing pipe with a cone tip and a water intake structure. Besides, a sampling unit includes a cylindrical housing, on which there located are two elastic rubber cuffs with diameter equal to well diameter; in the wall of the cylindrical housing there are side holes - a middle one - for water receiving from a working horizon and is located between two cuffs; an upper one is located above the upper cuff; the lower one is located under the lower cuff; upper and lower holes are of a transit type and connected to each other with a tube passing inside the cylindrical housing of the sampling unit; the lower part of the cylindrical housing is connected to the water intake structure through a flange attached to the cylindrical housing; the upper part of the cylindrical housing is connected to a bracket for lifting the sampling unit and the water intake structure connected to it, the diameter of which is lower than inner diameter of the well casing pipe; the well casing pipe is pipes from one to N, which are connected to each other with external threaded couplings and side holes made throughout length of the pipes.

EFFECT: simpler design.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for determining the costs and periodic sampling of water from various horizons of peat deposits fixed in depth.

A device for sampling fluid from wells (patent RU No. 2289691, IPC E 21 B 49/08, G01N1 / 10, dated December 20, 2006), including a cable suspension, a rod with diaphragms, a cylindrical body made in the form of a series mounted on top of each other cylinders equipped with bottom channels with valves. The casing on top is equipped with a low-pressure chamber and is connected to the cable suspension. Bottom of the housing is equipped with a hollow shank with a technological groove on the outer surface, and on the outside - a sleeve with spring centralizers and a pin from below. The pin interacts with the groove. The stem is installed tightly and rigidly in the housing. Diaphragms in the form of annular pistons are mounted at the bottom of each cylinder of the housing. The under-piston cavity of the cylinders through the channel with the valve is in communication with the internal space of the well, the under-piston cavity through the through holes of the rod with the low-pressure chamber.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design, the presence of a large number of technologically complex parts that require high precision manufacturing.

 A device is known for sampling fluid from wells (patent RU No. 2289692, IPC E 21 B 49/08, G01N1 / 10, dated December 20, 2006), including a cable suspension, a rod with diaphragms in the form of plugs, a cylindrical body mounted from the outside of the upper diaphragm with the possibility of longitudinal movement. The stem from the top is equipped with a stop. Between the stop and the upper diaphragm on the outer surface of the rod are ring samples. The case at the top is equipped with holes. The bottom spring is rested against the outer annular selection of the housing. Balls are installed in the openings of the body, interacting in the transport position with the ring rod samples and the inner surface of the sleeve, and in the working position, with the outer surface of the rod and the annular groove of the sleeve. At the top of the casing there is a cylindrical chamber with a technological groove on the outside, connected at the top with a rope suspension, under which technological holes are made, and at the bottom with a rod with the possibility of limited upward movement. Outside the camera there is a glass interacting with the groove. The groove is made in the form of successively elongated downward longitudinal grooves connected by a figured groove.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design, which reduces the reliability of the sampler.

A known sampler (AC SU No. 924362, IPC 7 E 21 B 49/08, publ. BI No. 16 from 04/30/1982). The sampler contains a housing, a receiving chamber, spring-loaded upper and lower valves and a sealed working chamber. It is equipped with two pistons, rigidly connected by rods with valves and installed in a working chamber filled with gas under atmospheric pressure. The receiving chamber is filled with compressed gas. The lower piston has a channel for communicating the working chamber with the external environment at the upper position of the piston and a piston stroke limiter made in the form of a sleeve fixed by a shear pin to the rod.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design, due to the presence of a large number of nodes and technically complex parts, which reduces the reliability of its operation.

Known bathometers (V. S. Samarina. Hydrochemical testing of groundwater, Publishing House of Leningrad University, 1958, p. 61-65).

A Simonov batometer tests the aquifer vertically of the aquifer. The bathometer contains a cylindrical vessel having a visor at the bottom of the vessel and a funnel-shaped extension at the top. The load is fixed on the cable. The ball closes the hole of the output channel in the load. A pipe located in the cargo serves to pour water from the bathometer.

The method of operation of the bathometer is based on the fact that the tank-cylinder is lowered to the load lowered on the cable. While moving along the cable, it is washed with water, and at the moment of reaching the cargo, it is sealed with the same cargo and the same cable, a water sample in the cylinder container, clogged with this cargo, rises to the surface.

Testing the aquifer vertically of the aquifer is carried out using a Mayer bottle. This bathometer, like the Simonov bathometer, allows you to open it to fill with water at the desired depth.

A common drawback when using these devices and how they work is sampling from shallow wells, and if the wells are not operational, stagnant water must be pumped out.

A device for sampling water is known (copyright certificate SU 367358 A, IPC G01N1 / 14, published 01.01.1973). The device contains a frame with a cable, a glass vessel with a stopper with holes through which two glass tubes with different lengths are inserted into the vessel with wearing elastic hoses on top of them. To simplify the design of the device, the elastic hoses are connected by a glass jumper tube, and the bed is equipped with a transverse bar on which the jumper tube rests and to which the bed cable is attached.

 During operation, the device is installed vertically, for the passage of liquid, it has a one-way entrance, carried out from above, therefore, it is suitable only for sampling water in depth. Drainage of a taken water sample from the bathometer tank to another tank occurs upon contact with atmospheric air.

The disadvantages of the device and method - the device is not suitable for taking reliable water samples from shallow depths or directly from the bottom. Before immersing the device, it is necessary to change the jumper tube, and the sampling container and the jumper tube are fragile, made of glass.

The closest device in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a chemical wetland field sampling unit for chemical analysis, consisting of a casing acting as a well, a pump for pumping water from the well with a two-way valve, and a glass receptacle with two rubber hoses.

The casing pipe is a partially perforated vinyl-plastic pipe with a diameter of 50-65 mm (90-100 mm for low-power peat deposits), the lower end of which has the form of a cone. Such casing pipes are installed in the spring-summer period in the holes drilled by a peat drill. Water samples are taken into the receptacle by creating a vacuum in it. The water received in the receiver vessel via a silicone hose is poured into polyethylene bottles previously rinsed with selected swamp water (“Manuals to Hydrometeorological Stations and Posts.” Issue 8, Gidrometeoizdat, 1990)

The disadvantage of this installation is the complexity of sampling, the mismatch of technical specifications with the requirements.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method for field sampling of swamp water for chemical analysis.

To take swamp water samples at the swamp stations of the Roshydromet structure, a specially made casing pipe is installed that performs the function of a well. Before sampling from the well, stagnant water is completely removed by the pump, and a sample of at least 2 L is taken after filling the well. Estimated time to fill such a volume in the well is from 15 minutes to two hours. Samples are taken by pumping water directly into a glass receptacle, then the water is poured into plastic bottles pre-rinsed with selected swamp water. A glass bottle with a rubber tube is used as the receiving vessel, in which holes are made for two glass tubes to which rubber hoses are connected. One hose with a length of 1.5-2 m, carefully, so as not to perturb the settled layer, is lowered into the well, the other is connected to the pump tap. When selecting, care must be taken not to disturb the vegetation cover around the well (“Manuals to Hydrometeorological Stations and Posts.” Issue 8, Hydrometeorological Publishing House 1990).

The task is to create a complex and method of its operation to ensure periodic sampling of water from fixed depths located along the height of the peat deposit.

The complex for sampling water consists of a casing with a conical tip, which performs the function of a well, and a sampler.

Casing pipe - well - these are pipes from one to N, interconnected by external threaded couplings and side holes made along the length of the pipes.

The sampler contains a cylindrical body on which there are two elastic rubber cuffs with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the well. Side holes are made in the wall of the cylindrical body. The middle hole for receiving water from the working horizon is located between the two cuffs. The upper one is located above the upper cuff. The lower one is under the lower cuff. The upper and lower holes are transit holes and are interconnected by a tube passing inside the cylindrical body of the sampler. The lower part of the cylindrical body is connected to the water intake through a flange. The upper part of the cylindrical body is connected to an arm for lifting the sampler and the water intake connected thereto. The diameter of the water intake is smaller than the inner diameter of the well.

In the method of sampling water from a peat deposit, casing pipes, which are components of a well, are installed by shock indentation into a peat deposit. As they deepen, they are interconnected by external threaded couplings. The known device that creates a vacuum, check the tightness of the intervals in the well. If necessary, pump out the water of the measured interval of the well. Then the sampler is lowered into the borehole pipe for the measured interval, and it is fixed at the required tested depth.

Water from the measured interval of the peat deposit during the control time enters the water intake through the middle side hole of the cylindrical body of the sampler.

The sampler with the water entering it is raised to the surface and the water flow rate in the measured interval of the peat thickness is established in relation to the volume of water entering the water intake and the time of its filling. In accordance with the flow rate, the time for filling the water sample with the required volume is determined, after which the sampler is lowered into the well pipe and fixed.

The sampler with the selected sample is raised to the surface. The body of the water intake on the surface is separated from the sampler, hermetically sealed with a lid and sent for research. A removable water intake housing is connected to the sampler and similarly, water samples are sequentially taken from the following intervals of the peat deposit.

Figure 1 shows a complex for sampling water in a longitudinal section.

In FIG. 2 shows a sampler.

The complex for water sampling consists of a casing - a well and a sampler.

The sampler contains a cylindrical body 1, on which two elastic rubber cuffs are located 2. Side holes are made in the wall of the body. Middle hole 3 - for receiving water from the working horizon is located between two cuffs. Upper 4 is located above the upper cuff, lower 5 - under the lower cuff. The upper and lower holes are transit and are interconnected by a pipe 6 passing inside the cylindrical body 1 of the sampler. The lower part of the cylindrical body is connected to the water intake 7 through a flange 8, attached to the cylindrical body 1 by nuts 9. To the upper part of the cylindrical body using nuts 10 is attached an arm 11 for lifting the sampler and the water inlet 7 connected to it. well pipes.

Casing pipe-well 12 is interconnected by external threaded couplings in one N-number of pipes. The lower part of the first pipe is equipped with a cone-tip 13, facilitating its entry into the ground. Along their length are lateral holes 14 with the same diameter, through which water enters the well. The casing well receives water entering through the openings. The hole diameter optimal for the conditions of the study is determined empirically. The interval of holes located along the length of the pipe is determined by the size of the sampler, as well as by comparison with existing methods.

A sampler is installed in the well, which is installed by shock indentation into a peat deposit, consisting of casing pipes, as the deepened interconnected threaded external couplings are placed. Under the influence of the gravity of the oppressive load on the attached lifting cable, the sampler is lowered into the well and fixed at the desired depth. After installing the sampler at the desired interval, the wellhead is closed to prevent debris, dust, rainwater, and the like. The lowering depth of the sampler is determined by the markings (grades) applied on the lifting cable.

 After the control time spent in the tested interval, the sampler is lifted to the surface with a lifting cable and the gradation applied to the transparent plastic casing of the water intake is used to determine the amount of incoming water from this interval of the peat deposit, and the water flow rate is set in relation to the volume of water supplied to the water intake. In accordance with the flow rate of the incoming water, the filling time of the water sample of the required volume is determined. Then the sampler is lowered into the well pipe and fixed. A sampler with a sample taken in the water intake is raised to the surface.

Then the body of the water intake is separated from the sampler and hermetically closed with a lid. A removable water intake housing is connected to the sampler and a water sample is similarly taken from the next depth of the well.

The complex for sampling water, shown in figures 1 and 2, is reliable, since its operation does not depend on external factors.

The complex allows you to:

- To take a water sample from a given vertical depth of the peat mass or at specified intervals. They are determined by the position of the holes along the length of the casing-well.

- The design of the complex eliminates the possibility of water entering the water inlet from the above- and lower-lying openings and provides water from only one vertical interval directly to the water inlet.

- To take water samples with minimization of its interaction with air.

- To study the hydraulic regime of swamp water by the thickness of the peat deposit.

- Observe the integral level of swamp water.

Advantages of the well-sampler complex for water sampling:

- Water sampling takes place directly by filtration from the desired vertical interval of the aquifer, where the water has not yet had contact with the external environment and has not changed its physical properties and chemical composition.

- The sampler allows you to isolate the flow of water from adjacent, vertically, depths of the aquifer in a given working position.

- The ability to track how, in particular, the chemical composition of water changes in various vertical intervals of the aquifer.

- A water sample is taken directly from each studied aquifer horizon. Thus, the obtained chemical composition of water samples is uniformly characteristic of the movement of water filtration located at the height of a given aquifer.

- The design feature of the complex and the principle on which sampling is based is direct filtration of the sampler from the aquifer horizon into the water intake, which allows us to compare the hydrodynamic regime of swamp waters by the studied depths of the peat deposit.

The well-sampler complex for water sampling is used to take water and study the hydrodynamic regime in the tested horizons of the peat deposit.

Concrete example

Tests of the well-sampler complex were carried out on the site of the Timiryazevsky swamp as part of ongoing research to study the relationship of the hydrodynamic regime of swamp waters and their chemical composition.

An observation well was installed in the peat deposit layer with a thickness of 4.76 m.

Casing pipe - a well with lateral holes located along the length of the pipes, made in the lower part by a cone, set in segments of 2 meters. The outer diameter of the pipes is 42 mm, the wall thickness is 2.5 mm.

The casing pipe is installed in a peat deposit without preliminary drilling by shock pressing into the ground. As the pipes deepen, they are interconnected by external threaded couplings. The casing pipe passes vertically through a peat deposit with a thickness of 4.76 m and enters the mineral soil of the underlying bottom of the swamp, which ensures the fixation of the height position of the wellhead 5.7 meters long. The water level is determined by the distance from the position of the water surface in the well to its mouth.

The tightness of the intervals is checked by any known device, for example a gas sampling device, which creates a vacuum and isolates the hole of the tested vertical interval from others linearly located along the length of the well. The gas sampler is lowered to the desired depth, fixed in the well by means of its transfer to the working position, after which air is pumped out. The presence of vacuum characterizes the tightness of the test interval.

Water enters the well through side holes with a diameter of 5 mm, made over the entire length of 25 cm, which determines the "resolving" ability to study the variability of the chemical composition of swamp waters along the depth of the peat deposit.

Field experiments carried out show that, at larger hole diameters, the filtration rate of incoming water into the well after a while, within a day, decreased by a factor of 1.5–2. To reduce the transporting ability of the filtration flow, the diameter of the side holes located along their length was reduced to an operational size of 5 mm. Optimum conditions have been created in which the speed of movement of water to the well has the rate of natural filtration flow. It was experimentally established that the flow rate of water entering the well under such conditions in time remains constant. The holes are made in one diameter and calibrated.

Water sampling from the well was made by the developed sampler in accordance with the method developed for this. The sampler is lowered into the well under the influence of the gravity of the oppressive load through which the cable passes.

Samples are taken at intervals of 0.5 meters over the entire height of the peat mass. To determine the flow rate of water entering the sampler and its chemical composition, water samples were taken from eight vertical intervals.

Using a sampler, the rate of water entry into the water intake from the studied sampling depth is determined. The time of sampling water at various vertical intervals of the peat deposit was determined empirically. In this case, simultaneously with the sampling of water, the problem of an approximate estimation of the filtration intensity in the studied horizon was solved. The sampler is placed in the well at the required interval in accordance with the side openings linearly arranged along the pipe. The sampler is at the required vertical interval for 15 minutes, then it is lifted to the surface and the gradation applied to the transparent plastic casing of the water intake determines the amount of incoming water from this interval of the peat deposit.

 According to the time of filling the water intake of the sampler on the measured interval and the volume of water received during this time, the water flow in this interval of the peat thickness is established.

Then the water inlet is separated from the sampler, tightly closed with a lid and shaken thoroughly to evenly distribute the suspension in water throughout the volume.

Water from the water intake is poured into a measuring cylinder with an accuracy of 0.2 ml and the volume of the sample taken is determined once again. The measured volumes are compared, excluding the possible error in the measurement. The final volume is calculated from the average of these measurements. According to the ratio of the volume of water taken into the water intake and the time taken for this volume, the water flow rate in this interval of the peat thickness in ml / min is calculated.

For sampling water to determine the concentration of the main components of the mineral composition (the sum of the main ions): cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium); anions (sulfates, chlorides, bicarbonates) and physico-chemical properties of water from the tested fixed interval calculate the filling time of the required volume. At the calculated time, the sampler is removed from the well, the water intake is separated from the sampler, tightly closed with a lid and delivered to the laboratory.

Based on the results of chemical analysis and the measurements obtained, a method is developed to study the changes in the chemical composition and water regime over the depth of the peat deposit at different periods of time from external weather-seasonal-climatic conditions.

Advantages of the water sampling method:

- The main difference is that the sampling of water does not take place from the water mass from any depth, as when using all existing samplers, bathometers, etc., but directly by filtering from the desired vertical interval of the aquifer. Contact with the environment is excluded, which is a condition for the invariance of its physical properties and chemical composition.

- The flow of water into the water intake by direct filtration from the studied horizons excludes the possibility of contact with water of other horizons. This makes it possible to study the variability of the distribution of the chemical composition of water over the thickness of the peat deposit.

- A water sample is taken directly from each studied aquifer horizon. Thus, the obtained chemical composition of water samples is considered to be uniformly characteristic for the species layer of peat containing it, distributed over the height of the peat deposit.

- The feature of the complex and the way it works allows you to determine the distribution of the relative filtration intensity over the water sampling horizons.

Claims (2)

1. The complex for sampling water contains a casing-well with a conical tip and a water intake, characterized in that the sampler contains a cylindrical body on which there are two elastic rubber cuffs with a diameter equal to the diameter of the well, side holes are made in the wall of the cylindrical body: middle for receiving water from the working horizon, it is located between two cuffs, the upper one is located above the upper cuff, the lower one is under the lower cuff, the upper and lower holes are transit and are connected between a tube passing inside the cylindrical body of the sampler, the lower part of the cylindrical body is connected to the water receiver through a flange attached to the cylindrical body, the upper part of the cylindrical body is connected to an arm for lifting the sampler and the water receiver connected to it, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the casing of the well , casing - well - these are pipes from one to N, interconnected by external threaded couplings and side holes made according to pipe line. 2. A method of sampling water from a peat deposit, in which a casing-well is installed vertically in a peat deposit, characterized in that the vacuum generating device checks the tightness of the intervals, determines the water level in the well, if there is an excess, pump it out, lower the sampler into borehole for the measured interval for the control time, fix it, water from the measured interval of the peat deposit enters the body of the sampler, it is raised to the surface with the incoming water and in relation to the volume of water received the water intake from the determined interval of the peat deposit, and the time of its filling, set the water flow in the measured interval of the peat thickness, according to the water flow, determine the time of filling of the sample of the required volume, after which the sampler is lowered into the well pipe, fixed, and the sampler with the selected sample is raised to the surface, the body of the water intake is separated from the sampler, hermetically sealed with a lid, sent for research, and a replaceable water intake housing and water samples are carefully taken from the following intervals of the peat deposit.

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