RU2548229C2 - Combined method of energy accumulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: combined method of energy accumulation consists in that two flywheels, identical by weight, the shafts of which are arranged in parallel in the horizontal plane, suspended on vertical branches of chain transmissions by means of the driving and supporting loop grips, untwisted with uniformly acceleration to the allowable speed in a suspended state together using the energy of gravitational field and the balanced electric drive using four infinite chain transmissions. After spin-up of flywheels the electric drive automatically switches to the generating mode, energy is accumulated in electric accumulators and converted into a standard form for use by consumers. In initial and in generating modes the housings of driving grips are supported by retainers. In the motor mode removal from retainers is made automatically by prompt sharp increase of speed of the movement of chains then the speed is decreased so that flywheels are passing into suspended state and then the uniformly accelerated movement of chains is made during which flywheels are rotated in suspended state to the allowable rotation speed.

EFFECT: energy accumulator operates cyclically, continuously and without restriction by the chain length.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of accumulation of mechanical energy using flywheel drives.

State of the art

The accumulation of mechanical energy by rotation of massive flywheels is known (see Energy Storage; Textbook for Universities / D.A. Booth et al .; Edited by D.A. Bout. - M .: Energoatamizdat. 1991. - 400 p. . ill.). In electric machine energy storage devices, flywheel acceleration is carried out by electric motors, which are transferred to the generator mode during discharge of the drive.

There is a method of converting potential energy into kinetic in experiments with a Maxwell pendulum, which is a disk rigidly mounted on a horizontal shaft suspended on two thin inextensible threads wound on a shaft in which the potential energy of the disk passes into the kinetic energy of its movement, which is composed of translational motion . masses and center of rotation (see Bach et al MI theoretical mechanics in examples and tasks / ed DR Merkina t.II. Dynamics -..... 7 ^e ed -.. M. : Science. Main Edition of Physics and Mathematics mathematical literature, 1985, p.270).

The accumulated energy of the disk rotation is converted into the work of lifting the disk and repeating the damped oscillations of the pendulum.

An urgent condition for the conversion of potential energy in a given pendulum is a decrease in the height of the disk, and after damping the oscillations, the disk must be raised to its original initial height.

From theoretical mechanics (see Bat M.I. et al. Theoretical mechanics in examples and tasks: Textbook for technical colleges. In 3 volumes T.II. Dynamics. - 8th ed., Revised. - M .: Science, ed. By Phys.-Math. Lit., 1991, p. 566) an example of free movement in space of a continuous cylinder with a horizontal axis is known. A thread is wound on the cylinder, the free end of which moves uniformly accelerated upward. From the theoretical calculations of this source (p. 588) it follows that when the filament accelerates upward, two times greater than the gravitational acceleration, the cylinder will rotate, keeping the center of mass stationary.

If we assume that the whole thread was unwound, disconnected from the cylinder, and the cylinder rested on the fixed sliding seats of the thrusters with the ends of its axis, the cylinder will continue to rotate until the stored energy is proportional to the gravity of the cylinder, its moment of inertia and the time from the beginning of the thread's upward movement before disconnecting it. In practice, the acceleration time of the cylinder is limited by the length of the thread.

The above example in the last source from theoretical mechanics is taken as a prototype of the proposed combined method of energy storage.

The main disadvantage of energy storage in the examples is the finite length of the thread.

The proposed combined method of energy storage eliminates the dependence of the stored energy on the length of the thread.

In the proposed combined method of energy storage, two flywheels of equal mass, the shafts of which are parallel in the horizontal plane, suspended on the vertical branches of the chain gears using the drive and supporting loop grips, are untwisted to an acceptable speed in suspension together with the gravitational field energy and the electric drive using four endless chain transmissions, which ascending branches in the drive grip loop-like cover two stars connected to the shaft of each flywheel and descending branches of opposing support shafts by means of special grippers supporting loop.

Alternatively, in the proposed combined energy storage method, any flexible transmission, for example a gear belt transmission, can be used.

After the flywheels are accelerated to an acceptable speed, the electric drive from the motor mode is automatically switched to the generator mode, the energy from which is stored in electric drives, converted into a standard form for use by consumers. In the generator mode, the drive grips of the flywheel shafts are supported. In the motor mode, removal from the stops is automatically carried out by a short-term increase in the chain speed, after which the speed is reduced so that the flywheels are in suspension, and then they create uniformly accelerated chain movement, in which the flywheels are untwisted in a suspended state to an acceptable rotation speed at which the transition occurs electric drive to generator mode. Work continues cyclically. The drive grips include sprockets on the flywheel shafts and four guide rollers to create a chain around the sprocket. Supporting grips on opposite branches of the chains are made similarly, only instead of an asterisk a roller is used that rotates freely on the flywheel shaft. Every two pairs of ascending branches of the chain drive, symmetrically located with respect to the flywheel along its axis, are driven by gears from the electric drive, the descending branches pass through the supporting grips on the opposite shaft with the flywheel. Each shaft with a flywheel is intertwined with four branches of chain transmissions and in a motor mode mutually balance each other.

In the initial state, the housing of the drive grips of the flywheel shafts rest on the stops. The electric drive is turned on, the flywheels are untwisted to an initial speed of about 10% of the maximum, the speed is sharply increased for a short time so that a gap of about 0.1-0.5 mm is formed between the stops and the drive grips of the shafts, then the speed is reduced, achieving a balanced state of the flywheels, and from this moment on, the speed is accelerated to a maximum rotation speed, after which the electric drive is put into generator mode, the drive grips of the flywheel shafts are lowered to the stops.

Discharge of the flywheel accumulator is continued until the rotation speed drops to 10% of the maximum speed, and operation continues cyclically. The gap between the grips of the flywheel shafts and the stops is controlled by position sensors, according to the signals of which the microprocessor control device regulates the speed of the chains in accordance with the established program.

The electric drive works at a balanced load, which is created due to two flywheels, which form mutual counterweights to each other in the motor mode of the electric drive.

A diagram of the method is shown in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic diagrams of the drive and supporting loop grips.

An example embodiment of the invention.

In a rigid casing 1 (Fig. 1) four chain transmissions 2, two gear drives 3, two flywheels of the same mass 4.5 with two drive loop captures 6 and two supporting loop captures 7 on each shaft 8 are fixed.

The flywheel shafts are parallel in the horizontal plane in the middle of the height of the rigid body.

Symmetrically with respect to the centers of the flywheels, there are two chain transmissions on both sides, with the outer chains moving in one direction, the middle chains in the opposite direction. The chains are driven by an electric drive 9, including one electric machine, operating in two modes - motor and generator, gear 10 with two identical outputs 11, each connected to two circuits of the same direction.

Each output of the gearbox is loaded on a mutually balanced load, for example, consisting of the gravity of the first flywheel 4, acting on the vertical ascending branches of the chain gears and the gravity of the second flywheel 5, acting on the chain transmission through supporting loop captures 7 in the descending branches.

Similarly, the other gearbox shaft is loaded with the flywheel’s gravity 5 acting on its pair of vertical ascending chain branches and the first flywheel’s gravity 4 acting on the chain through supporting loop grips in the descending branches.

The housing of the loopback grippers 12 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2a) in the initial and generator modes are supported by the stops 13. The gap between the grips and stops is controlled by position sensors 14. The bodies of all the grips have freedom of movement only in the vertical plane along the guides 15. Each chain contains two sprockets: one - the drive 16, is rigidly coupled to the drive gear 17, rotates freely on the axis 18 (Fig. 1), the other 19 (Fig. 2a) - is rigidly connected to the flywheel shaft 8 (Fig. 1). In addition to the sprockets, each chain contains twelve rollers: three rollers 20 support the chain on one upper axis 18 and two lower 21 (Fig. 1), four rollers 22 are used in drive loopback grippers (Fig. 2a). In the supporting loop captures (fig.2b), five rollers 23 are used (fig.2b). The distance between the shafts in the horizontal plane is selected from the conditions for ensuring a minimum clearance between the surfaces of the rotating flywheels. The sagging of the chains is regulated by moving the lower axles 21. The chains are lubricated in an oil bath 24. The microprocessor control device 25 of the electric drive 9 receives signals from the position sensor 14, from the speed sensor 26 of the electric drive 9, from the temperature sensor 27 of the oil in the bath 24, sends control signals electric drive and drive 28 in accordance with the established program.

The drive loop capture consists of a housing 12, in which four guide rollers 22 are fixed on the bearings, and a driven sprocket 19 is rigidly mounted on the flywheel shaft passing through the bearings in the housing 12. The capture housing can freely move up and down along chain 2 along sliding guides 15 and rely on the stop 13, rigidly connected with the housing of the rails. The gap between the capture housing and the stop is controlled by the position sensor 14. The housing of the rails is rigidly connected to the housing 1 of the chain drive 2 (Fig. 1).

The scheme of the supporting loop capture (Fig.2b) is similar to the scheme of the drive loop capture, differs only in that instead of an asterisk on the flywheel shaft, the roller 23 rotates freely on the bearing and there are no stops under the capture housing.

According to the established program, in the microprocessor control device 25, the electric drive 9 is turned on, the flywheels 4,5 are untwisted to an initial speed of about 10% of the maximum speed, the speed is sharply increased for a short time so that between 0.1 stops , 5 mm, then the speed is reduced, achieving a suspended state of the flywheels, and from this moment the speed is accelerated to increase to the maximum rotation speed, after which the electric drive is put into generator mode, the drive grips of 12 shafts of the flywheel 4.5 overs fall to the stops 13. The discharge of the flywheel drive is continued until the rotation speed drops to 10% of the maximum, the motor mode is turned on again under the program and the operation continues cyclically, continuously until the stop command.

Alternatively, another embodiment of the invention may be using a gear belt drive or any flexible gear instead of a chain drive.

Claims (2)

1. The combined method of energy storage, which consists in the fact that two flywheels of equal mass, the shafts of which are parallel in the horizontal plane, are suspended on the vertical branches of chain transmissions with the help of a drive and supporting loop clamps, are untwisted to an acceptable speed in suspended state together with energy gravitational fields and electric drive using four infinite chain gears, which two ascending branches in the drive grip loop-like cover two stars buildings rigidly connected to the shaft of each flywheel, and the descending branches support the opposite shaft with the help of supporting loop grips, switch the electric drive from the motor mode to the generator one, accumulate electric energy in electric drives, convert it to the standard form for use by consumers, in the generator mode drive shaft grips flywheels rely on the stops until the rotation speed drops to 10% of the maximum, the motor mode is automatically switched on again, the loop drive grips are removed from the stops by a short-term increase in the chain speed, after which the speed is reduced so that the flywheels are in suspension, and then they create uniformly accelerated chain motion, in which the flywheels are untwisted in suspension to an acceptable rotation speed, the generator mode is switched on, operation continues cyclically, continuously. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flywheels balance each other due to supporting loop grips in the descending branches of the chain transmission.

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