RU2547538C1 - Method for remote contactless probing, logging of rocks and positioning of missile in drill well - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention proposes a method for probing, logging of rocks and positioning of a missile in a drill well, which involves generation of electromagnetic and magnetic fields by means of a radiating antenna and an inductor in the form of a constant magnet or an electromagnet, remote measurements of parameters of these fields by means of receiving antennas, three-axis magnetometers and gradiometers installed at check points of observations on the ground surface, and further calculations based on the multidimensional information obtained at measurements as per the corresponding algorithms of parameters of identified rocks and parameters of spatial position of the missile in the drill well. The radiating antenna and the inductor are arranged on the missile in the drill well and isolated from drill pipes by means of a non-magnetic insert.

EFFECT: simpler technology for receiving multidimensional information and its processing.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of geophysics, geological exploration and can be used in trial, exploratory and production drilling of wells in the oil and gas industry.

Known methods for remote logging of rocks and positioning of the projectile that is part of the drill string in the borehole, based on the receipt and processing of information from measuring systems located on the projectile (A. Molchanov. Measurement of geophysical and technological parameters in the process of drilling wells. - M .: Nedra, 1983).

Multidimensional information about the properties of the rocks adjacent to the borehole and multidimensional information about the spatial position of the projectile in the borehole is accumulated during drilling on the information carriers of the measuring equipment placed on the projectile itself and is periodically used at discrete times when the projectile is raised to the Earth’s surface in the post -processing (with desk processing) on the surface of the Earth. This operation is carried out with the aim of identifying passable and adjacent rocks and their logging, assessing the current spatial position of the borehole and generating a forecast about the trajectory of further movement of the projectile in the drill string.

However, this method of obtaining and using information about the position of the projectile in the borehole reduces the efficiency of the drilling process and increases the material, time and economic costs associated with the need to periodically stop the drilling process, and then raise the shell and the drilling tool to the Earth’s surface. In this case, the well drilling time increases by 2–4 times compared to the continuous drilling method without lifting the drill string to the Earth’s surface, which leads to an increase in the cost of work.

There are also known methods for remote logging of rocks and positioning of a projectile in a borehole, based on the acquisition of multidimensional information about the physical properties of the rocks and the current position of the projectile in the borehole using measuring complexes of the projectile, followed by real-time (online) transmission of the current or periodically accumulated information to the surface of the Earth (2132948, IPC Е21В 47/12, dated 06/30/98; Molchanov A.A., Abramov G.S. Cordless systems for researching oil and gas wells (theory and practice) - M.: VNIIOENG OJSC, 2003; Pat. RU 2426878, prior 02.02.2010).

The disadvantage of such methods of remote logging of rocks and positioning a projectile in a borehole is the need to organize and implement channels for continuous or discrete transmission of information from a projectile to the Earth's surface (wired or wireless - electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, hydraulic, acoustic). This complicates the device for generating information and the technology for transmitting information to the Earth’s surface, which ultimately affects the increase in the cost of the logging and positioning system, the decrease in the accuracy of solving rock and shell identification problems, the deterioration of the noise immunity, reliability and durability of the equipment.

The known electromagnetic method of ground, air and marine magnetic exploration, widely used in practice since the middle of the 20th century, provides a solution to the problem of remote sensing of rocks in the underlying surface layer of the Earth, performed from land, floating or aircraft - carriers of dipole electromagnetic radiation sources (Magnetic prospecting: Geophysics Handbook , 2nd ed. - M .: Nedra, 1990 .-- 470 p.).

However, this method has significant disadvantages:

- the impossibility of sensing deep rocks and their logging due to the fact that the sources and receivers of electromagnetic radiation are above the Earth’s surface, the radiation power and reception of electromagnetic waves are limited, the energy of electromagnetic radiation is significantly dissipated above the Earth’s surface;

- the impossibility of solving the problem of positioning and mutual orientation of the source and receiver relative to each other in an autonomous way with a flexible connection between the receiver and the source (on a cable);

- the need to use additional information (satellite, laser, inertial) for a full-scale solution of the problems of positioning and orientation of the receiver relative to the source of electromagnetic radiation.

Closest to the proposed invention, the method adopted for the prototype is an aeromagnetic exploration method with autonomous determination of parameters relative to the position of the receiver and the source of electromagnetic radiation by an autonomous magnetic path (Pavlov B.V., Volkovitsky A.K., Karshakov E.V. Low-frequency electromagnetic system relative navigation and orientation // Gyroscopy and navigation. - 2010. - No. 1 (68). - p. 3-14).

The essence of the method (prototype) under consideration is that the receiving antenna and the three-axis magnetometer blocks are located in a nacelle towed on a cable (l = 70-120 m) by a carrier aircraft, and a transmission antenna that emits an electromagnetic field in the form of a dipole is placed on the carrier itself with a vertical axis of symmetry. Using the multidimensional information obtained in the gondola using the receiving antenna and magnetometer blocks, the coordinates of the radius vector characterizing the spatial position of the gondola relative to the carrier are calculated algorithmically (the relative navigation problem is solved).

The disadvantages of this method include the following:

- the impossibility of remote sensing and subsequent logging of deep rocks, since the source and receiver of electromagnetic radiation are located above the Earth's surface;

- a full-scale solution of the positioning and relative orientation of the receiver relative to the electromagnetic radiation source for systems with flexible connection of the receiver with the source (on the cable) is possible not in an autonomous way (based on magnetometric measurements), but in an indirect way (based on the use of additional information (satellite, laser, inertial));

- conditions for complete autonomy of solving probing problems, logging of rocks and positioning of a projectile in a borehole based on the use of only magnetometric measurements are not provided;

- when solving the problems of sounding and logging of rocks, as well as the problems of positioning and orienting the receiver relative to the source of electromagnetic radiation, a number of conditions are used that limit the practical implementation of the method (the assumption that the vector of the magnetic moment m of the source is vertical, the need to take into account the angles of evolution of the source carrier in space, etc.) .

The objective of the present invention is to develop conditions for obtaining multidimensional information, algorithms for processing this information, providing a practical solution to the problems of remote electromagnetic sounding and logging of deep rocks adjacent to the borehole, as well as the tasks of remote positioning and orientation of the projectile in the borehole, the implementation of these conditions and algorithms should provide the solution of the tasks in an autonomous magnetic way without the need to lift the projectile to the surface Earth and without the need to use a channel for transmitting information from a projectile to the surface of the Earth.

To solve this problem, a method for sensing-logging rocks and positioning a projectile in a borehole is proposed, which includes determining using a satellite navigator or geodetic measurements the location coordinates and positioning parameters of observation points on the Earth's surface (at least three) relative to the wellhead and geomagnetic system coordinates, the formation of an electromagnetic field using a radiating antenna and a magnetic field using an inductor in the form of a constant Agnita or electromagnet positioned on the projectile and isolated from the drill pipe via a nonmagnetic insert dimension at the control points of observation via reception antennas, and three-component magnetometers gradientomerov parameters electromagnetic and magnetic fields generated by the antenna and the inductor projectile.

The proposed method is characterized in that according to the results of measurements at control points of observations using receiving antennas, magnetometers and gradient gauges of the parameters of the electromagnetic and magnetic fields of the emitting antenna and the projectile inductor, rock parameters are calculated by the electromagnetic radiation channel, as well as the position and orientation parameters of the projectile in the borehole using channel for the formation of a constant magnetic field remotely non-contact way without lifting the projectile to the surface of the Earth and without using the channel transmitting information from a projectile to the surface of the Earth.

By analogy with the prototype (the electromagnetic method of remote aeromagnetic exploration and remote autonomous positioning of the receiver relative to the source of electromagnetic radiation) according to the proposed solution, it is assumed to reproduce two measurement channels:

- an electromagnetic channel for remote sensing and logging of rocks, implemented using a radiating antenna mounted on a shell as part of a drill string in a borehole, and receiving antennas installed at control points of observations on the Earth's surface;

- a magnetic channel for remote positioning and orientation of the projectile, implemented with the help of an inductor (permanent magnet or electromagnet) located on the projectile in the borehole, and receiving triaxial magnetometers and gradiometers, also installed at observation observation points on the Earth's surface.

Moreover, the processing of multidimensional information obtained remotely through these two channels at the control points of observations is performed according to the algorithms of autonomous information processing only on the Earth’s surface without the need to use a channel for transmitting information from a projectile to the Earth’s surface.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 presents a diagram explaining the receipt and processing of multidimensional information, the proposed method. Figure 2 presents a block diagram illustrating the sequential execution of operations by algorithms for processing multidimensional information.

The proposed method is implemented as follows. The method of remote sensing of rocks and remote positioning of the projectile involves the organization of two parallel measuring channels: electromagnetic and magnetic. Each channel of remote measurements consists of two parts:

- emitting (generator),

- reception.

The generators of electromagnetic and magnetic fields are made in the form of a radiating antenna and inductor (permanent magnet or electromagnet) located on the projectile and isolated from drill pipes using a non-magnetic insert. No measuring equipment is provided on the projectile. Electromagnetic radiation receivers (receiving antennas) and magnetic field receivers (triaxial magnetometers and gradiometers) are installed at observation observation points (CTN) on the Earth's surface.

The communication of receivers installed on the surface of the Earth with sources of electromagnetic and magnetic fields located on a projectile in a borehole is carried out remotely through the energy of electromagnetic and magnetic fields. An electromagnetic field transmitting energy remotely from the projectile’s radiating antenna to the receiving antennas on the Earth’s surface penetrates deep rocks adjacent to the borehole and carries information about the physical properties of these rocks. The electromagnetic channel operates according to well-known rock identification algorithms (logging algorithms - AK).

A magnetic field that transfers energy remotely from the projectile inductor to magnetometers and gradiometers mounted on the Earth’s surface carries geometric information about the positioning and orientation of the projectile in the borehole. Figure 1 presents a diagram of the formation of information and organization of two measurement channels: a channel for remote sensing of rocks and a channel for remote positioning of a projectile.

Based on the initial information obtained by positioning the control points of the observations, using the information generated by the odometric measurement channel, the initial exhibition of the measuring complex is provided (exhibition algorithm A1).

; n≥3), удаленных от устья буровой скважины А на расстояниях ρ_i, соизмеримых с глубиной погружения трубы в буровую скважину, производятся магнитные измерения вектора напряженности H_i магнитного поля диполя m и градиента этого вектора $$[\nabla H_i]$$

. ПричемAt the points M ₁ (x _i ; y _i , z _i ) ( $$i=\overline{\mathrm{one};n}$$

; n≥3), remote from the wellhead A at distances ρ _i , commensurate with the depth of immersion of the pipe into the borehole, magnetic measurements are made of the magnetic field vector H _{i of the} magnetic field of the dipole m and the gradient of this vector $$[\nabla H_i]$$

. Moreover

Based on expressions (1) - (2), we can establish that

From the solution of equation (3), we can obtain an algorithm for the relative positioning of the projectile (A2) (relative to the CTN):

The magnetic moment module m is found by the dipole identification algorithm (A3):

The positioning algorithm of the projectile relative to the wellhead is associated with the solution of the system of equations (A4):

Algorithm for the orientation of the projectile in the borehole (A5):

where D _i is the square matrix (3 × 3), the elements of which depend on the coordinates of the vector r _i = [x _i y _i z _i ] ^T.

Verification of the determination of the positioning coordinates (x _i , y _i ; z _i ) and the orientation (α, β) of the projectile in the borehole is carried out according to several conditions (verification algorithms A6 and normalization A7):

- by the condition of the intersection of the planes (r _i ; r _j ) at one point;

) в одной точке;- by the condition of intersection of the radius vectors r _i ( $$i=\overline{\mathrm{one};n}$$

) at one point;

) с плоскостями (r_i; r_j) в одной точке;- by the condition of intersection of the radius vectors r _k ( $$k=\overline{\mathrm{one};n}$$

) with the planes (r _i ; r _j ) at one point;

- by the condition of orthogonality and articulation of the axes when checking and normalizing the orientation matrix A (α, β).

Figure 2 presents a block diagram illustrating the sequence of implementation of the algorithms.

Achievable technical result of the implementation of the proposed method is:

- simplification of the scheme and devices for measuring and processing multidimensional information, followed by an increase in the reliability, fault tolerance and durability of the drilling (on the projectile) and station (on the Earth's surface) equipment;

- simplification of the technology for the formation of electromagnetic and magnetic fields, the technology for obtaining multidimensional information and its processing, which do not require the implementation of techniques for periodically lifting the projectile to the surface of the Earth or for the operation of remote transmission of information through appropriate channels;

- significant savings in material, time and financial costs associated with the exclusion of techniques for periodically stopping the drilling process, raising the projectile to the surface of the Earth or due to the exception of the need to organize channels for the remote transmission of information from the projectile to the surface of the Earth.

System analysis indicates the advantages of the proposed method in comparison with known methods (analogs and prototypes) for complex indicators of the effectiveness of practical application.

Claims (1)

A method of sensing, logging rocks and positioning a projectile in a borehole, including determining using a satellite navigator or geodetic measurements the location coordinates and positioning parameters of the observation points on the Earth's surface (at least three) relative to the wellhead and geomagnetic coordinate system, the formation of an electromagnetic field using a radiating antenna and a magnetic field using an inductor in the form of a permanent magnet or an electromagnet located on outfit and isolated from drill pipes by means of a non-magnetic insert, measurement at control points of observations using receiving antennas, three-component magnetometers and gradiometers of electromagnetic and magnetic field parameters created by the antenna and projectile inductor, characterized in that according to the results of measurements at control points of observations using receiving antennas, magnetometers, and gradiometers of the parameters of the electromagnetic and magnetic fields of the emitting antenna and the projectile inductor calculate rock parameters by channel from electromagnetic radiation, and the parameters of positioning and orientation of the projectile in the borehole through the channel generating a magnetic field by a remote non-contact.

Images