RU2546691C2 - Set of cement bricks for construction of wall structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of building materials and building construction elements, namely to the set of concrete bricks, consisting of multislot ordinary brick (OB) with central slots, separated by spacers and opened to the end surfaces of brick, and more than twice more narrow septal brick (SB), which have similar protrusions and recesses on the end faces corresponding to them. In the claimed set of concrete bricks, all inner surfaces of bricks, including the central slots of OB, are designed with riffles or asperities, besides the peaks and troughs of riffles are curvilineal and are displaced relative to each other on adjacent slots, in this case all slots of OB and SB, except the central slots in OB are nonthrough.

EFFECT: improving the sound-insulating characteristics of walls without increase of construction costs, as well as providing comfort and ease of masonry works.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of building materials and elements of building structures, namely, to the design of a set of concrete building stones.

State of the art

Symmetrical ordinary wall stones are known with slotted through voids having two longitudinal grooves at the ends to create mortar keys during masonry (see GOST 6133-99, Fig. B.9). With through voids, the masonry mortar is overspended and the wall is heavier. To avoid this, according to the aforementioned GOST it is possible to make slots through. In this case, the stone itself becomes heavier, which also leads to an increase in the weight of the entire wall, i.e. to increase the cost of construction. In addition, the biggest problem is created by vertical joints, which are a lot of masonry mortar with stringent requirements for its ductility.

GOST 6133-99 also shows the design of partition stones (see Fig. B.7, B.8) either with smooth ends or with hollows for the formation of mortar dowels. Partition stones (PC) together with ordinary stones (RK) form a system that allows you to erect not only load-bearing or self-supporting walls of buildings, but also partitions inside them.

In addition to the described shortcomings, stones (B.9) are difficult to prick, therefore, for additional work of masons, additional additional or corner stones are required. All this increases the assortment, complicates the logistics and requires additional space to store products and avoid over-sorting.

In addition, the use of these stones is associated with the problems of ensuring the necessary parameters for soundproofing the walls, since sound insulation depends on the quality of vertical joints, and in the case of empty space, such masonry can negate all the efforts of builders and designers.

There is a solution that avoids these drawbacks (see RF patent for utility model No. 101401). The protrusion at one end of the wall ordinary stone and the corresponding groove at the other allow you to create a solution-free connection of stones, and an additional longitudinal diaphragm provides reliable soundproofing of the wall even when strobing from two sides.

This solution has the following disadvantages.

If necessary, stones must be split in the additional element, and such stones are difficult to split. It is only possible to saw them on special equipment, which is extremely difficult to provide at every workplace under construction conditions. When trying to reduce the overall dimensions of the stone (its thickness), problems arise with sound insulation. In addition, such stones do not fit into modern partition stones with grooves and protrusions at the ends different from the dimensions of the grooves and protrusions of the above wall ordinary stones (see the site www.meliconpolar.ru, section "partition stones").

To address these shortcomings, a solution is proposed for an ordinary wall stone with protrusions on one end wall of the stone and with corresponding grooves on the other (see RF patent for utility model No. 100787), and the grooves and protrusions of such stones correspond to protrusions and grooves of partition stones, which makes it possible their solutionless solution in various combinations. In addition, such a stone has enhanced soundproofing characteristics due to a corrugated rough texture of the inner surfaces with the correct alternation of longitudinal protrusions and (or) depressions (see GOST 6133-99, clause 3), and the vertices of these protrusions and depressions on adjacent inner surfaces are shifted relative to each other.

Obviously, increasing the sound insulation coefficient (R ₃ ) allows you to build more comfortable housing; or at a constant R ₃ allows you to reduce the width of the stone, i.e. reduce construction costs.

However, this stone also has disadvantages that do not correspond to the modern level of development of the construction industry.

The presence of slits of a complex shape is undoubtedly a progressive step, however, in these RC cavities of cracks and the roughness of their internal surfaces do not occur along the entire length of the stone. As for the ends of the stones, when they are connected, a continuous massive jumper is formed, through which the sound passes, bypassing complex slotted spaces.

The basis of the present invention is the task of creating a design of a set of concrete stones, which will eliminate the above disadvantages, as well as the task of further increasing the sound insulation coefficient (R ₃ ).

Disclosure of invention

The above problem is solved by creating a set of concrete stones, which consists of an ordinary stone (RC) with central cavities separated by jumpers and open to the end surfaces of the stone, and more than twice as narrow as a partition stone (PC), which have identical faces on the end faces protrusions and corresponding grooves, the claimed set of concrete stones being characterized in that all internal surfaces of the stones, including the central cavities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, are made with corrugations or roughnesses, and the protrusions and depressions of the reef eny curvilinear and adjacent slits and cavities are shifted relative to each other and wherein all gaps RK and PC except for the central cavities in RK are shirts.

In an embodiment of the invention, jumpers in the RK between the central slots may have a height less than the height of the stones.

In an embodiment of the invention, in the masonry near the set of stones, the central slots of the RK and the space between two parallel PCs connected to the RK can be filled with sound-absorbing materials.

The technical result consists in improving the soundproofing characteristics of the walls without increasing construction costs, as well as in ensuring the convenience and simplicity of masonry work.

Brief Description of the Drawings

These and other features of the present invention will become clearer when reading the following description and referring to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an ordinary stone construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a bottom view of a masonry when a PK is connected to a PC according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom view of a masonry according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of a corner according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a case of arranging a wall niche according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a masonry fragment when an interroom partition joins an interior partition according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates a stone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates the use of stones for a multilayer exterior wall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates corrugations of adjacent surfaces according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates a bottom view of a masonry according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The implementation of the invention

An ordinary stone construction is shown, shown in FIG. 1, in which:

1 - ordinary stone (RK);

2 - end surfaces of the PK with protrusions 3 and grooves 4, and the PK of length L and width B consists essentially of two stones 5 of width b with internal non-through slots 6 having corrugated surfaces. Mentioned stones 5 are connected to each other by jumpers 7, which have a height less than the height H by C.

Thus, an ordinary stone (RK) 1 is essentially two bodies in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped (stones 5), each of which has a vertically oriented protrusion of 3 shapes on one end side in a plan close to the trapezoid, and vertically on the other end side oriented groove 4 of the shape corresponding to the shape of the protrusion 3, and the two bodies are parallel to each other at a certain distance from each other (central cavity) and connected by at least two jumpers 7 located at some p distances from the end faces of the stones 5. Thus, RK 1 is open from the ends and has at least one through central cavity between the jumpers 7. In addition, vertically oriented internal through holes 6 are made in the stones 5, which can be opened with one of horizontal surfaces of the stone 5, but do not reach the opposite horizontal side of the stone 5.

In addition, the set of stones also includes individual partition stones (PC) 8, having a width more than two times smaller than the width of ordinary stones (PK) 1, and also representing a body in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, having one end sides, a vertically oriented protrusion 3, and on the other end side, a vertically oriented groove 4, which in their shape correspond to the protrusion 3 and groove 4 of stones 5 of the ordinary stone 1. Due to this, it is possible to join the partition stone (PC) 8 with any of the stones 5 RK one.

PC 8 has a length L and may have an internal cavity similar to the internal slots 6 of the PK 1, the inner surfaces of which are also grooved or have roughness (see Fig. 2). In FIG. Figure 2 shows the masonry (bottom view), in which RK 1 is connected to PC 8, while since in RK 1 stones 5 are connected only by jumpers 7, through cavities are formed between them, so that massive end fragments of stones are disconnected. The alternation in the masonry of stones 1 and 8 makes it possible to significantly simplify the masonry, since stones 8 are lighter, easier to work with, and PK 1 at the same time ensures the correct orientation of stones 8 in the wall due to groove-ridge joints. The internal through cavity 9 of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1, also formed by corrugated or rough walls of stones 5 and having a width a, provides additional sound insulation. Also, between the stones 8, when they are docked with RK 1, a cavity 10 is automatically formed. The presence of roughnesses on all internal surfaces of RK 1 provides increased reflection and scattering of sound waves, and the principle of alternating a high-density medium with a low-density medium is observed throughout the wall. If necessary, additional elements stones 8 are easily pricked (like bricks) with a hand tool without the need for special equipment.

In FIG. 3 shows a variant in which the masonry approaches the wall 11, while the distance L ₁ <L is ensured by the split of stones 8, which are joined to the PK 1 on one side and joined to the wall 11 through the mortar joint 12.

In FIG. 4 shows the execution of the angle (top view), when RK 1 provide "centering" of stones 8a, 8b and 8c being split to the desired size. Chipped stones are joined by mortar seams, while the strength of the angle can be increased due to the corner reinforcing bars 13, which are laid in horizontal seams.

Proper design allows you to reduce the number of required additional elements, but if necessary, the process of splitting stones is simple and allows you to save the cavity 9 and 10 also in complex angular elements.

In FIG. 4 shows the design of the end element (for example, when organizing the opening), when the extreme part of the cavity 9 of length l _{1 is} filled with a wooden bar 14 of width l ₃ , which is mounted on adhesive with thickness l ₄ or mounting adhesive foam. Obviously, instead of a wooden block, there may be another element (plastic plug, polystyrene foam insert, etc.).

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the case of organizing a niche in the wall to accommodate, for example, an electric panel or the necessary shelves or other technological elements. In FIG. 5, the masonry is also shown as a top view when the beds of stones 1 and 8 create surfaces for applying the mortar. So that the solution does not fall into the voids, mortar "tapes" of the required width and thickness are usually used.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows a fragment of the masonry when an inter-apartment partition of thickness B is joined with an interior partition made of PC 8.

To further increase sound insulation, it is possible to fill the space of cavities 9 and 10 with absorbing materials, for example, mineral wool sheets or polystyrene foam sheets, or low-density monolithic foam concrete. In these cases, in addition to the high soundproof properties of the RC, its thermal conductivity is also reduced, which allows the use of such a RC in effective building envelopes, especially since the proposed stone has practically no cold bridges.

The jumpers 7 do not carry loads and are intended only for connecting two parts of the PK 1, while their height is h _p = Hc and due to this, in the mounting position of the stone below the jumper 7, free space is formed, which can be used to organize the fastening of stones over the openings .

In FIG. 7 shows RK 1 in this position, while a metal box 15 is inserted between the two walls of the opening, which ensures a stable position of the stones. To increase the strength of the overhead bridge, the space of the cavity 9 is poured with concrete.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the use of stones 1 for a multilayer external wall structure, in which the space of the cavity 9 of the RC 1 is filled with foam concrete 16. Next, the wall of small-sized RC is insulated with a plate heater 18, which is attached to the RC 1 with a stainless steel (for example, plastic) expansion bolt shield 17, pressing insulation 18 to RK 1. Next, the insulation on the grid 19 is plastered with a thin layer of plaster 20. The expansion bolt shield 17, passing through two walls of stone, provides reliable fastening of the insulation to the wall. With an increase in the length of the dowel 17, it falls into the layer of insulation 16. In any case, the proposed types of stones 1 and 8, when used together, provide the required reinforcement of the breakout and can be used for building envelopes of tall buildings.

The use of a layer of insulation 16 allows to reduce the thickness of the external insulation 18, i.e. reduce overall installation costs of the wall while improving its soundproofing qualities.

The voids of the stone 1 are made corrugated, and hollows and protrusions for the best dispersion of sound, it is advisable to perform curved.

If the distance between the tops of the protrusions is equal to T, then on adjacent surfaces it is advisable to either shift the corrugations by ΔT (see Fig. 9), or to produce corrugations with another step T ₁ ≠ T.

In FIG. 10 shows a variant in which the length of PC 8 is twice as long as PK 1. Since stone 8 is more than two times lighter than PK 1, increasing the length of the PC reduces the complexity of masonry while observing the weight and size characteristics that ensure the convenience of masonry. In any case, it is obvious that the lengths of stones 1 and 8 must be multiples of each other.

Thus, the presented set of stones allows you to improve the soundproofing characteristics of the walls without increasing construction costs, as well as to ensure the convenience and simplicity of masonry work.

Claims (3)

1. A set of concrete stones for the construction of a wall structure, consisting of an ordinary stone (RC), consisting of two parallel-shaped parallelepiped-shaped stones, interconnected by at least two jumpers located at some distance from the end surfaces of the said stones, with the formation between lintels and stones of at least one central cavity, and more than two times narrower septum (PC), characterized in that the PK and / or PC have through holes, while all internal the surfaces of the stones, including the central cavities of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the aforementioned non-through cracks of the Republic of Kazakhstan and / or the PC, are made with corrugation or roughness, and the protrusions and depressions of the corrugations are curved and shifted relative to each other in the adjacent cavities, at least one PC on one end side has a protrusion and on the other hand, a groove corresponding to it, which in their shape corresponds to protrusions and grooves made on the end surfaces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2. A set of stones according to claim 1, characterized in that the lintels connecting the stones in the Republic of Kazakhstan have a height less than the height of the stones. 3. A set of stones according to claim 1, wherein in the masonry the central cavities of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the space between two parallel PCs connected to the Republic of Kazakhstan are made with the possibility of filling with sound-absorbing materials.

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