RU2546366C1 - Wind-driven power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: wind-driven power plant on a continuous wind flow includes multiple wind-driven units comprising wind wheels with a power generator, a heating element and a wind tunnel. Wind wheels with a power generator are installed in underground tunnels connected to a tower, where gas burners are arranged, which develop continuous air flow. In the centre of the tower there is a perforated thin-walled ceramic pipe and a water supply system with nozzles inside, gas burners heat the ceramic pipe, and its diffused infrared radiation is actively absorbed by water vapours, which together with spent heated gases move upwards and heat air in the wind tunnel faster, which develops temperature gradient with environment required for draught, further the flow is reinforced due to difference of atmospheric pressure at the ends of the wind tunnel.

EFFECT: usage of the invention makes it possible to increase efficiency of operation of a heating element, which, in its turn, results in increased efficiency of a wind-driven power plant.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of renewable energy and can be used to convert the kinetic energy of the air stream into mechanical and electrical energy.

The relevance of the invention.

The problem of providing Earth's inhabitants with energy is so urgent that it forces militarily powerful countries to forcibly redistribute non-renewable energy sources for their own purposes. Intelligent humanity compensates for the decrease in minerals by the search for alternative sources of energy.

Known thermal vortex power plant (RU 2070660 C1, IPC F03D 3/04, publ. 12/20/1996), which contains a pipe with a vortex generator, a wind wheel mounted on a vertical shaft, and an electric generator. The power plant is equipped with an additional vortex generator, deflector, air heating system. Windwheels are installed in the pipe, and the wings of the windwheel are placed in the swirling airflow zone. The great advantage of this invention is the generation of a constant air flow, which will prevent downtime of the windmill.

The disadvantages are as follows.

The principle of a conventional stove, in the pipe of which a wind wheel is installed. The novelty is that to increase traction, the upward air flow resulting from the temperature difference between the bottom and top of the pipe is brought into a swirling movement, which, according to the authors, should significantly increase the power and speed of the air flow. It is doubtful that the swirling dynamic movement of the air flow will beneficially affect the wings of the wind wheel or the blades of the wind turbine.

You won’t get much traction in a short section of the pipe in this way and will not all the electricity of the windmill go to air heating? And most importantly, if there is no heating, then there is no traction, so the wind turbine will stand idle (if the fuel is not brought up or repair work on the heater). Fuel can be used more efficiently in conventional power generators. To create a permanent air flow in the pipe, two conditions must be met:

- the presence of a temperature gradient, atmospheric pressure or air density at the ends of the pipe;

- the presence of the same air gradients inside the pipe relative to the environment.

You can increase the gradient of atmospheric pressure at the ends of the pipe by increasing its length from several hundred meters to several kilometers, up to the upper boundary of the troposphere 10-18 km (RU 2504690 C2, IPC F03D11 / 00, published on 01.20.2014).

To increase the pressure gradient inside the pipe, it is proposed by installing a wind drum with blades at the mouth of the pipe, in which, when it rotates under the influence of horizontal air flows, under the Bernoulli law, rarefaction of air occurs, which creates additional traction. To heat the air inside the pipe, it is proposed to use gas burners installed on the inner surface of the tower at the mouth of the wind tunnel (RU 2504685 C1 IPC F03D 1/02, published on 01.20.2014).

To reduce noise and vibration, it was proposed to place wind wheels with electric generators in underground tunnels. These proposals should increase the efficiency of the wind farm.

The proposed constant-flow wind power station, which we have adopted as a prototype, includes many wind power plants containing wind wheels with an electric generator, a heating device and a wind tunnel. Wind wheels with an electric generator are located in underground tunnels connected to a tower in which gas burners are located. On the tower at the mouth of the wind tunnel, made of polymer materials with stiffeners in the form of hoops and suspended on ropes from the aerostat, a drum with blades mounted to rotate and create vacuum under the influence of horizontal air flows. The disadvantage of this design is that the gas burners of the heating element directly heat the air, poorly absorbing infrared radiation, which leads to high fuel consumption, slows down the heating and primary blowing of the wind tunnel.

The aim of the invention is to further increase the efficiency of a wind power plant by optimizing the air flow and increasing the efficiency of the heating element.

The optimization mechanisms may be as follows.

To create traction and maintain air flow, gas burners are installed in the tower. It is known that 60% of their energy is thermal or infrared radiation.

Air does not absorb infrared radiation, but heats exclusively from heated surfaces. But water vapor absorbs infrared radiation very well, which means it easily heats up and, mixing with the exhaust hot gas of the burners and with the air, easily heats the wind tunnel, thereby creating the initial draft faster.

The proposed wind farm includes many wind power plants located in tunnels and containing wind wheels with an electric generator, a wind tunnel with a tower and a heating device, characterized in that the heating device located in the middle of the tower consists of a perforated thin-walled ceramic pipe and water pipe with nozzles inside it gas burners heating a ceramic pipe from the outside, which when heated emits diffuse infrared radiation, oschaemoe water vapor. Such a device will save fuel and speed up the process of heating the air and the time of the primary purge of the wind tunnel.

Another optimization tool is the installation of a diaphragm in the tunnel, which, by changing the diameter of the tunnel, automatically maintains the air flow at a constant speed. The diaphragm consists of several metal crescent-shaped petals, which, approaching with the help of special servomotors, establish a smooth change in the diameter of the air flow.

The control of the electric servo drive is based on a scheme for comparing the readings of the air flow rate sensor and the set value, with the voltage supplied through the relay to the electric motor. Using a microprocessor allows you to take into account the inertia of the driven element and realize smooth acceleration and braking to reduce dynamic loads and more accurate positioning.

Since the flow is relatively constant in speed, there is no need for expensive storage devices, and the windmill itself can be simplified and consist of a wind wheel and an electric generator. The underground location of the windmills and proximity to the city allow you to connect the power plant to the city network and abandon the power line. Of the variety of polymers for the manufacture of a wind tunnel operating under extreme conditions, carbon plastics, for example, Carafe and Highpol, which are obtained from synthetic and natural fibers based on cellulose, copolymers of acrylonitrile oil and coal tar pitch, are most acceptable. The material for balloons is usually elastomers, i.e. natural or synthetic rubbers with the ability to stretch reversibly up to 900%.

Friction losses along the walls of the tunnel, tower and wind tunnel can be reduced by coating them with carbon-graphite films with a low coefficient of friction (0.005).

Obviously, the technical complications of the power plant design are small, and the increase in productivity and economic benefits are obvious.

In FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a wind farm; in FIG. 2 - view of the power station from above; in FIG. 3 - section of the tunnel at the place of installation of the diaphragm, where 1 - balloon balloon, 2 - nacelle with instrumentation, 3 - cable, 4 - tension device, 5 - wind tunnel, 6 - drum with blades, 7 - embankment, 7 - air intake with filter, 9 - wind power installation (wind wheels with electric generator), 10 - tunnel, 11 - diffuser, 12 - stiffeners, 13 - gas burners, 14 - tower, 15 gas pipeline, 16 - diaphragm, 17 - ceramic pipe, 18 - water supply with nozzles.

Installation progress

Choose a place unsuitable for industrial and agricultural use. They build tunnels with air intakes and aperture, as well as a tower with a diffuser. A ceramic pipe is strengthened in the tower, inside of which there is a water supply system with nozzles - water sprinklers. Gas burners are installed on the inner surface of the tower and a gas pipeline is connected to them. Next, wind wheels with electric generators are installed in the tunnels, and this structure is sprinkled with earth. A drum with blades rotating on ball bearings is installed on the tower.

It is easy to bring the assembled balloon, reels with polymer film and arc hoops, as well as tensioning devices with a wound cable to the installation site.

The balloon 1 is brought into working condition, attached to the tension devices 4, the nacelle 2, which is equipped with instrumentation and slowly lifted into the air. To the tensioned cables 3 fasten sections of the wind tunnel 5 with stiffeners 12 in the form of polymer hoops. As the pipe builds up due to the docking of its sections, the balloon rises.

In parallel with these works, inside the building of the electrical substation, a controller, inverter, ATS, transformer and power line interface are mounted. A ground observation station and a repeater are installed for automatic monitoring and control of the electrical substation at a distance. First, the ceramic tube is heated with gas burners, then the wind tunnel is blown with steam and hot exhaust gases. When the natural thrust of the flow is not lower than 5 m / s (this is the lower speed limit at which modern windmills can work), the windmills are switched on alternately.

Electricity from the generators comes through a cable to the controller, which controls the entire power system of the station. Further, the energy is transformed and supplied through the interface to the city network.

To provide energy to the devices of the power plant itself and nearby monitoring devices, an inverter and an automatic transfer switch are used.

ATS allows you to switch the power supply of the facility when stopping the wind power installation (repair, maintenance) to other installations of the city power grid.

Since the power plant is automatic, all of its parameters are transmitted through the repeater to the data collection point in the city power grid.

The proposed wind farm is simple, and therefore low cost and cost effective. It is unpretentious in choosing a place, suitable in hard-to-reach conditions. She is not afraid, and the lack of wind, and its strong gusts. Wind power plants hidden in underground tunnels do not create excessive noise and vibration impacts on the environment and can operate near settlements.

The device is convenient for maintenance of aggregates and the wind tunnel itself; it is enough to pull the aerostat with tensioning devices to the ground.

The design of the wind farm does not impose restrictions on the length and diameter of the wind tunnel, on the number of installed wind power plants, and therefore on its productivity.

Claims (2)

1. A wind power plant includes many wind power plants located in tunnels and containing wind wheels with an electric generator, a wind tunnel with a tower and a heating element, characterized in that the heating device located in the middle of the tower consists of a perforated thin-walled ceramic pipe and water pipe with nozzles inside gas burners heating the ceramic pipe from the outside, which when heated emits diffuse infrared radiation absorbed by the vapor mi of water. 2. The wind power station according to claim 1, characterized in that a diaphragm is installed in the tunnel, which consists of several sickle-shaped metal petals, which, approaching with the help of special servomotors, establish a smooth change in the diameter of the air flow.

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