RU2545200C1 - Solid waste treatment and disposal unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: unit includes a loading device, a gasification chamber with pyrolysis gas outlet holes, and afterburner, combustion chambers, gaseous processing product removal device, baffles located in the afterburner and made in the form of flat bands enveloping the gasification chamber along the screw line, which is installed in the housing with formation of a pyrolysis gas extraction zone; combustion chambers are of an ejector type, two of which are installed with an inclination to the screw line of baffles, and four other are located in the lower part of the housing tangentially with regard to the housing pocket; additionally, the unit includes a steam boiler equipped with combustion chambers of an ejector type.

EFFECT: improvement of reliable and efficient operation of the unit.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing solid household, industrial, medical and other wastes and can be used in the national economic complex for the disposal and destruction of waste.

A known installation for the disposal and destruction of solid waste containing a loading device, a gasification chamber with holes for outputting gaseous products, an afterburner, a waste receptacle, a device for removing gaseous products of processing, a combustion chamber, some of which is located in the lower part of the afterburning chamber of the tangentially external surface of the working space of the chamber and the other part of the combustion chambers is located at the bottom of the gasification chamber along the radius to the center of the chamber and is connected to the holes yes the gaseous products of the gasification chamber, the lower part of which is located in the housing with the formation of an annular space connected to the internal volume of the gasification chamber and with the outlet openings of the gaseous products (see IPC F23G 5/027, 5/14 description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2201552 publ March 27, 2003).

Significant disadvantages of the known device are:

- low reliability due to:

- the tangential location of the combustion chambers in the lower part of the afterburner, at which a temperature gradient is formed along the height of the gasification chamber, which leads to uneven heating of the treated waste;

- the location of the combustion chambers in the lower part of the gasification chamber along the radius to the center of the combustion chambers, at which point heating occurs, the concentration of thermal energy and, as a consequence, the decrease in the intensity of the gasification process, requiring an additional consumption of pyrolysis gas for this;

- low efficiency of the installation due to clogging with incandescent masses of unprocessed waste of the channel for the exit of pyrolysis gas into the annular space, which leads to a decrease in the channel cross-section, the accumulation of pyrolysis gas in the gasification chamber and the impossibility of its entry for technological operations, which in turn requires forced suction of pyrolysis gas from the gasification chamber.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for the disposal and destruction of solid waste containing a loading device, a gasification chamber with holes for outputting gaseous products, an afterburner, a combustion chamber, a device for removing gaseous products of processing, deflectors located in the afterburner and made in the form of flat tapes, covering a helical gasification chamber installed in the housing with the possibility of forming a pyrolysis gas extraction zone, while part of the combustion chambers I interact with the deflectors and is installed at an angle of inclination of their helix, and the other part of the combustion chambers is located in the housing at an angle in the plane α equal to 5-45 ° (see IPC F23G 5/027, (2006.01), IPC F23G 5/24 (2006.01) description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2282788 publ. 08/27/2006).

Significant disadvantages of the known device are:

- low work efficiency due to:

- heat losses due to the removal of gaseous products of combustion into the atmosphere, located tangentially combustion chambers in the lower part of the afterburner;

- burning part of the pyrolysis gas generated by the installation, and using the main and ejector compressed air to organize the combustion process in the combustion chambers in the lower part of the afterburner;

- the complexity of the management and control of obtaining the quality of pyrolysis gas in high-temperature heat flows directed to the internal volume of the housing, where the combustion chambers are located at an angle α equal to 5-45 °;

- the presence in high-temperature heat fluxes directed into the internal volume of the housing, a significant amount of nitrogen, which reduces the "combustible" component of the pyrolysis gas generated by the installation.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the installation.

The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that in the installation of disposal and destruction of solid waste containing a loading device, a gasification chamber with holes for outputting pyrolysis gas, an afterburner, a combustion chamber, a device for removing gaseous products of processing, deflectors located in the afterburner and made in the form flat ribbons covering a helical gasification chamber installed in the housing with the formation of a pyrolysis gas extraction zone, the combustion chambers are made of ejector type, d of which are installed with an inclination to the helix of the deflectors, and four others are located in the lower part of the housing tangentially with respect to the pocket of the housing, and the installation further comprises a steam boiler equipped with ejector-type combustion chambers.

The implementation of the ejector-type combustion chambers eliminates heat loss, including:

- in the start-up mode, the removal of gaseous products of combustion is carried out not into the atmosphere, but through the ejector of the combustion chamber directly to the steam boiler;

- in the established operating mode, eject the hot pyrolysis gas from the collector through the ejector of the combustion chamber and burn it in a steam boiler.

The location of the combustion chambers in the lower part of the housing tangentially with respect to the inner pocket and the separation from the hot mass of waste by the pocket formed by the inner partition and the outer housing also allows the combustion gas to be removed through the ejector of the combustion chamber to the steam boiler.

The implementation of the pocket in the housing while maintaining the isolation of the hot mass of waste from high-temperature heat fluxes makes it possible to simplify the organization of management and control over the quality of pyrolysis gas. The absence of the theoretically necessary amount of air supplied significantly reduces the amount of nitrogen, which increases the "combustible" component of the pyrolysis gas generated by the installation.

The presence in the installation of a steam boiler and its supply with ejector combustion chambers allows the use of pyrolysis gas as the main fuel and increase the efficiency of the installation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the device in section; figure 2 is a section aa of figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB of figure 1.

Installation for the disposal and destruction of solid waste contains a loading device 1, a gasification chamber 2 with holes 3 for outputting pyrolysis gas, a afterburner 4, an ejector-type combustion chamber 5, 6 (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) mounted at an angle to the screw lines of deflectors 7 and 8, made in the form of flat tapes, covering a helical line gasification chamber 2, installed in the housing 9 with the formation of the zone 10 for the extraction of pyrolysis gas, the combustion chamber 11, 12, 13, 14 (see figure 3), located in the housing 9, in its lower part tangentially along in relation to the inner pocket 15. In the steam boiler 16 there are installed pyrolysis gas combustion chambers 17 (in steady state), the main combustion chamber 18, which operates in a constant mode and maintains the temperature and steam flow in the required parameters required by the consumer, a controlled pyrolysis gas combustion chamber 19 necessary to maintain thermal conditions and rarefaction in the reactor, and an ejector combustion chamber 20 to remove combustion products of starting fuel and pyrolysis gas.

Installation works as follows.

Solid waste enters through a sealed loading device 1, having a cover 21 and a gate 22, into the gasification chamber 2, gradually loading it in its entirety. A pressurized loading device is necessary to isolate the gasification chamber 2 and to ensure the impossibility of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. The combustion chambers 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19 are ignited by supplying air to them (air lines are not shown conventionally) and gaseous or liquid starting fuel. At the same time, at the exit from the combustion chambers 5, 6, high-temperature high-speed flows of combustion products are formed, which enter the channels 23, 24 formed by the helical surfaces of the deflectors 7, 8. Moving along the channels 23, 24, high-temperature flows of combustion products wash the outer surface of the gasification chamber 2 distributing the thermal energy of the flows over the entire surface, while increasing the contact area and the uniformity of heating of all zones of the gasification chamber 2, namely, the drying zone, the zone of pyrolysis gas production and the gasification zone ii, and, having given most of the thermal energy to the processed products through the wall of the gasification chamber 2, the combustion products by means of a pipe 25 and through the ejector of the combustion chamber of the steam boiler 16 supply hot combustion products to the steam boiler 16 and are removed by transferring excess heat through the gaseous exhaust device 26 products processed into the atmosphere.

When the chambers 11, 12, 13, 14 are operating, the high-temperature heat fluxes of the combustion products, moving along a helical line, wash the outer surface of the pocket 15, ensure uniform heating of all zones of the internal volume of the housing 9, and, giving most of the thermal energy to the processed products through the inner wall of the pocket 15, the combustion products by means of the device 27 and through the ejector of the combustion chamber 20 of the steam boiler 16, supply hot combustion products to the steam boiler and are removed, giving off excess heat, through the gaseous exhaust device 26 products processed into the atmosphere.

The hot pyrolysis gas obtained as a result of starting up the installation for operation, flows through combustion chambers 5, 6 (starting fuel is turned off, ejector and main air are turned off), moving along the channels, hot pyrolysis gas washes the outer surface of gasification chamber 2, distributing the heat energy of the flows throughout surface, through the pipeline 28 is ejected into the combustion chamber 17 of the steam boiler 16, is used as the main fuel and burned in the steam boiler, giving off excess heat through the device 26 of the removal of gaseous uktov processing into the atmosphere.

After entering the operating mode, the starting gaseous or liquid fuel is switched off in the combustion chambers 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, and the working process of pyrolysis gas combustion in these chambers is carried out by supplying secondary air to the ejectors. When this is ejected "suction" of hot pyrolysis gas from the collectors 28 and is used as the main fuel.

The processed waste is transferred from the drying zone through the pyrolysis gas receiving zone to the gasification zone, where it is subjected to continuous heat treatment transmitted through the inner wall of the pocket 15 and completely gasified, and the resulting pyrolysis gas leaves through the holes 3 of the pyrolysis gas outlet to the collector 28, while one part of it is supplied for technological operations in the installation itself, and the other part is sent to the combustion chambers 18, 19 of the steam boiler 16 to generate, for example, thermal and electric energy ii.

The remaining untreated particles under the influence of high temperatures are converted into liquid slag, through the slag tray 29 enter the receiving container 30 and are removed for further processing and use.

The use of the invention will improve the reliability and efficiency of the installation, to obtain additional thermal energy, necessary both to ensure offline operation, and to provide heat to buildings and structures, while saving significant money.

Claims (1)

A solid waste neutralization and destruction facility comprising a loading device, a gasification chamber with pyrolysis gas outlet openings, an afterburner, a combustion chamber, a device for removing gaseous by-products, deflectors located in the afterburner and made in the form of flat tapes covering the gasification chamber along a helical line installed in the housing with the formation of a pyrolysis gas extraction zone, characterized in that the combustion chambers are made of an ejector type, two of which are installed with an inclination nom to the helix of the deflectors, and four others are located in the lower part of the housing tangentially with respect to the pocket of the housing, while the installation further comprises a steam boiler equipped with ejector-type combustion chambers.

Images