RU2698831C1 - Method and apparatus for processing carbon-containing material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of solid carbon-containing materials and can be used in production of not only activated carbon, but also for production of synthesis gas and synthesis fuel in various industries. Method for processing carbon-containing material includes heating of prepared carbon-containing material to temperature of carbonization in atmosphere, which is formed and moves in countercurrent mode with supplied raw material and formed by pyrolysis gas, activation with the help of an activating agent, unloading of hot carbon and its cooling, at which simultaneous supply of heat to two streams of combustion products is carried out to processed raw materials moving along a screw channel with gradually decreasing axial component of speed, and the obtained pyrolysis gas after carbonisation of the feedstock and activation of carbon is selected to obtain combustion products and an activating agent, carbonisation and activation processes are separately carried out in a carbonator and an activator, supply of heat of combustion products in carboniser is performed from two or more strongly swirled high-temperature flows of combustion chambers moving in counterflow of axial speed of processed raw material, wherein activation agent formation is carried out in three waste-heat boilers by supply of combustion products from carboniser annular channel to heat recovery boiler for water heating, and combustion products from carboniser cylindrical channel are supplied to waste heat boiler to produce steam from hot water supplied from heat recovery boiler for water heating, formed steam in a waste-heat steam boiler is supplied to a waste heat boiler for water vapour overheating. Invention comprises plant for implementation of method for carbon-containing material processing.

EFFECT: technical result of invention is to increase energy efficiency of technological process of processing carbon-containing material due to reduced consumption of energy resources of energy carriers.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing solid carbon-containing materials and can find application in obtaining not only activated carbon, but also for producing synthesis gas and synthesis fuels in various industries.

A known method for the continuous processing of carbon-containing raw materials, (RF patent No. 2191157; class СВВ 31/08; published October 20, 2002), which includes the stages of preliminary heating of the raw material to 120 ° -150 ° С, carbonization, separation of resinous products, activation, forced transfer from controlled speed of the solid product at the stages of preheating of the raw material, selection of the gas-vapor mixture of the processing process from the preheating stage, degassing during activation, while activation is carried out in the flow of solid carbonization product -rotating under the influence of the steam-gas mixture under pressure directed tangentially thereto, at least at two opposite points on the flow diameter.

The disadvantage of the described method is the low energy efficiency of the technological process of processing carbon-containing raw materials as a result of the insufficiently efficient use of thermal energy of a gas-vapor mixture in carbonization processes.

A known method of producing activated carbon (RF patent No. 2321612; class СВВ 49/04, СИИ 31/08; published on 04/10/2008), selected as a prototype, comprising heating the prepared carbon-containing raw material to a carbonization temperature in the atmosphere that is forming and moving in countercurrent mode with supplied feed gas-vapor mixture, its carbonization and activation using an activating agent, the unloading of hot coal and its cooling, in which to the processed raw materials moving along a helical channel with a gradually decreasing axial composition yayuschey speed is performed simultaneously external and internal heat supply two streams of coolant, through the cylindrical wall of the annular and cylindrical channel, wherein the steam-gas mixture, after heating, raw coal carbonization and activation are selected for receiving the coolant and an activating agent.

The disadvantages of the described method are the inefficient use of gas combustion to obtain heat carrier energy, as well as the inefficient non-use of heat energy from the heat carrier leaving the carbonizer, which significantly lengthens the process of processing carbon-containing raw materials and increases energy costs.

A device for the continuous processing of carbon-containing raw materials is known (RF patent No. 2191157; class СВВ 31/08; published on 10/20/2002), in which the prepared carbon-containing raw materials are heated to a carbonization temperature in the atmosphere forming and moving in countercurrent mode with the supplied raw materials and the resulting pyrolysis gas, activation with an activating agent, unloading of hot coal and its cooling, in which to the processed raw materials moving along a helical channel with a gradually decreasing axial component speeds, heat is simultaneously supplied by two streams of combustion products, and the resulting pyrolysis gas after carbonization of raw materials and activation of coal is selected to produce combustion products and an activating agent. The disadvantages of the described device is the design complexity due to the use of an oxygen and hydrogen generator, which significantly increases the consumption of electrical energy.

A device for producing activated carbon is known (RF patent No. 2321612; class СВВ 49/04, С01И 31/08; published on 04/10/2008) selected as a prototype, containing carbonizer, a device for loading raw materials, a combustion chamber, an activated carbon cooler, the carbonizer is made in a cylindrical body, coaxially with it, one in the other, two cylindrical shells are located, the outer and inner, while screw ribs are located on the inner shell, and the inner cylindrical surface of the body and the outer shell form a stake the main channel, the outer and inner shells form a helical channel, and the inner shell forms a cylindrical channel, while the helical channel is connected to the raw material loading device, the fuel combustion chamber is located at the end of the carbonizer opposite the raw material loading device, in the outlet zone of the processed raw material, and the output of products combustion in the area of the feed device.

The disadvantage of the described device is the design complexity due to the combination of activation and carbonization zones in one reactor vessel, which reduces the specific heat flux through the reactor walls along the length of the reactor, as well as the presence of a heat exchanger operating at maximum thermal loads, and insufficiently efficient use of the heat energy of the outgoing gas in the technological process of processing carbon-containing raw materials, which significantly reduces the energy efficiency of the technological process of processing carbon-containing raw materials.

The technical result achieved in the claimed invention is the creation of a method and device for its implementation, which allows to increase the energy efficiency of the technological process of processing carbon-containing raw materials, by reducing the consumption of energy resources of energy carriers.

The technical result in the claimed method is achieved by heating the prepared carbon-containing raw materials to a carbonization temperature in the atmosphere formed and moving in countercurrent mode with the feed and the resulting pyrolysis gas, activation with an activating agent, unloading of hot coal and its cooling, in which to the processed raw materials moving along a helical channel with a gradually decreasing axial component of speed, heat is simultaneously supplied by two product flows of combustion Nia, a pyrolysis gas obtained after the carbonization of raw coal and activating selected to obtain combustion products and an activating agent.

New in the method is that the processes of carbonization and activation are carried out separately in the carbonizer and activator, the heat of the combustion products in the carbonizer is supplied from two or more strongly swirling high-temperature flows of combustion chambers moving in countercurrent to the axial velocity of the processed raw materials, while the formation of the activating agent is carried out in three recovery boilers by entering the combustion products from the annular channel of the carbonizer into the recovery boiler for heating water, and the product combustion of the cylindrical channel carbonation Katel enter the waste heat to generate steam from the hot water supplied from the heat recovery boiler for heating water, water vapor formed in the recovery boiler steam enters the waste heat boiler superheating the steam.

The technical result in the claimed device is achieved in that the installation for processing carbon-containing raw materials contains a carbonizer, a device for loading raw materials, a combustion chamber, an activated carbon cooler, while the carbonizer is made in a cylindrical body, coaxially with it, one in the other, two cylindrical shells are located, the outer and inner, while on the inner shell there are screw ribs, and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing and the outer shell form an annular channel, the outer and the morning shell forms a helical channel, and the inner shell forms a cylindrical channel, while the helical channel is connected to the raw material loading device, the fuel combustion chamber is placed at the end of the carbonizer opposite the raw material loading device, in the outlet zone of the processed raw material, and the output of combustion products in the zone of the loading device raw materials.

New in the device is that the installation contains separately made carbonizer and activator, while two or more combustion chambers are installed in the carbonizer body, the nozzle channels of which exit tangentially to the annular channel, while the combustion chambers are fed with pyrolysis gas leaving the carbonizer, which is connected by pipelines with waste-heat boilers, another combustion chamber is installed in the cylindrical channel of the inner shell, while the carbonizer is connected by a pipe to the activating mixer agent and carbonizate, which in turn is connected by a nozzle to an activator made in the form of a cyclone separating fractions of pyrolysis gas and activated carbon and connected by a nozzle with an activated carbon cooler on one side and connected by a nozzle to a combustion chamber connected to a boiler - a water vapor superheater wherein the annular channel of the carbonizer is connected by a pipe to the recovery boiler for heating water, and the cylindrical channel of the carbonizer is connected by the pipe to the boiler of steam recovery, which, in turn, is connected by a pipeline to a recovery boiler for heating water, a recovery steam boiler is connected to a recovery steam boiler, which is an activating agent, a recovery steam boiler is connected on one side to the combustion chamber, and on the other hand connected by a pipeline to a waste water boiler and a steam boiler connected to a flue gas cleaning device, which is connected to a flue gas and solid particles separation cyclone, while the flue gas separation clone comprises a flue gas outlet pipe through a smoke exhaust with a chimney and a solid particle outlet pipe to the hopper.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device;

in FIG. 2 - carbonizer.

The installation for processing carbon-containing raw materials consists of a carbonizing agent 1 (Fig. 1, 2), a feed device 2 (Fig. 1), a combustion chamber 3 (Fig. 1), 4 (Fig. 1), 5 (Fig. 2) 6 (FIG. 1), activated carbon cooler 7 (FIG. 1).

In this case, the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2) is made in a cylindrical housing 8 (Fig. 2), coaxially with it, one in the other, two cylindrical shells are located, the outer 9 (Fig. 2) and the inner 10 (Fig. 2) )

On the inner shell 10 of FIG. 2) the screw ribs 11 of FIG. 2).

The inner cylindrical surface of the housing 8 (Fig. 2) and the outer shell 9 (Fig. 2) form an annular channel 12 (Fig. 2).

The outer shell 9 (Fig. 2) and the inner shell 10 (Fig. 2) the shell form a helical channel 13 (Fig. 2).

The inner shell 10 (Fig. 2) forms a cylindrical channel 14 (Fig. 2).

The helical channel 13 (Fig. 2) is connected to a feed device 2 (Fig. 1).

The combustion chamber 5 (Fig. 1, 2) is located at the end of the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2) opposite the feed device 2 (Fig. 1), in the outlet zone of the processed raw material, and the outlet of the combustion products in the zone of the raw material loading device 2 (Fig. 1).

The carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2) and the activator 16 (Fig. 1) are made separately in the device.

In the cylindrical body 8 (Fig. 2) of the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2) two combustion chambers 3 (Fig. 1), 4 (Fig. 1) are installed.

The nozzle channels 17 (FIG. 2) of the combustion chamber 3 (FIG. 1) and the nozzle channels 18 (FIG. 2) of the combustion chamber 4 (FIG. 1) exit tangentially to the annular channel 12 (FIG. 2).

The combustion chambers 3 (Fig. 1), 4 (Fig. 1), 5 (Fig. 2) are fed with pyrolysis gas leaving the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2).

The combustion chamber 5 (Fig. 2) is installed in the cylindrical channel 14 (Fig. 2) of the inner shell 10 (Fig. 2), while the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2) is connected by a pipeline to the mixer 19 (Fig. 1) of the activating agent and carbonizate, which in turn is connected by a pipe with activator 16 (Fig. 1).

The activator 16 (Fig. 1) is made in the form of a cyclone separating fractions of pyrolysis gas and activated carbon.

The activator 16 (Fig. 1) is connected by a pipe with an activated carbon cooler 7 (Fig. T1) on the one hand and on the other hand is connected by a pipe with a combustion chamber (Fig. 1).

The combustion chamber 6 (Fig. 1) is connected to the boiler-utilizer of overheating of water vapor 15 (Fig. 1).

The annular channel 12 (Fig. 2) of the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2) is connected by a pipe to the recovery boiler for heating water 20 (Fig. 1), and the cylindrical channel 14 (Fig. 2) of the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2) ) is connected by a pipe to the boiler-utilizer of water vapor 21 (Fig. 1), which in turn is connected by a pipe to the boiler-utilizer for heating water 20 (Fig. 1).

The heat recovery steam boiler 21 (FIG. 1) is connected to the heat recovery steam recovery boiler 15 (FIG. 1), which is an activating agent.

The heat recovery steam boiler 15 (Fig. 1) is connected on one side to the combustion chamber 6 (Fig. 1) and, on the other hand, is connected by a pipe to the heat recovery water boiler 20 (Fig. 1) and the water heat recovery boiler 21 (FIG. 1) connected to a flue gas purification device 22 (FIG. 1).

The flue gas purification device 22 (FIG. 1) is connected to a cyclone for separating flue gases and solid particles 23 (FIG. 1).

The cyclone for the separation of flue gases and particulate matter 23 (FIG. 1) contains a flue gas outlet pipe through a smoke exhauster 24 (FIG. 1) with a chimney 25 (FIG. 1) and a particulate outlet pipe into a hopper 26 (FIG. 1).

A method of burning ground solid fuel.

Through the raw material loading device 2 (Fig. 1), the raw material enters the carbonizer 1 (Fig. 1, 2), where the prepared raw material is heated to the carbonization temperature.

Heating of raw materials to a temperature of carbonization is carried out by combustion chambers 3 (Fig. 1), 4 (Fig. 1), 5 (Fig. 1, 2).

Raw materials move along the screw channel 13 (Fig. 2), carbonized by supplying heat of the combustion products to the cylindrical channel 14 (Fig. 2) and the annular channel 12 (Fig. 2).

In the mixer 19 (Fig. 1), carbonate and an activating agent from the waste heat boiler 15 are used (Fig. 1), the resulting mixture enters the activator 16 (Fig. 1) and the resulting activated carbon enters the cooler 7 (Fig. 1) )

In this case, the pyrolysis gas generated in the activator 16 (Fig. 1) enters the combustion chamber 6 (Fig. 1) to heat the steam in the waste heat boiler overheating water vapor 15 (Fig. 1).

The combustion products from the annular channel 12 (Fig. 12) of the carbonizer 1 enter the waste heat boiler 20 (Fig. 1), and the combustion products from the cylindrical channel 14 (Fig. 2) enter the waste heat boiler 21 (Fig. 1) ) to obtain water vapor from hot water supplied from the recovery boiler 20 (Fig. 1). In this case, the generated water vapor in the recovery boiler 21 (Fig. 1) enters the recovery boiler 15 (Fig. 1) to form an activating agent entering the mixer 19 (Fig. 1).

Waste products of combustion from waste heat boilers 15 (Fig. 1), 20 (Fig. 1), 21 (Fig. 1) enter the flue gas purification device, from where they enter the cyclone 23 (Fig. 1) for the separation of flue gases and particulate matter.

Solid particles enter the hopper 26 (Fig. 1), and the flue gases through the chimney 25 (Fig. 1) of the smoke exhauster 24 (Fig. 1) are released into the atmosphere.

Claims (2)

1. A method for processing carbon-containing raw materials in which the prepared carbon-containing raw materials are heated to a carbonization temperature in the atmosphere, which is formed and moves in countercurrent mode with the feed and pyrolysis gas generated, activation with an activating agent, unloading of hot coal and its cooling, in which processed raw materials moving along a helical channel with a gradually decreasing axial component of speed, heat is simultaneously supplied by two streams of of combustion products, and the resulting pyrolysis gas after carbonization of raw materials and coal activation is selected to obtain combustion products and an activating agent, characterized in that the carbonization and activation processes are carried out separately in the carbonizer and activator, the heat of the combustion products in the carbonizer is carried out from two or more strongly twisted high-temperature flows of combustion chambers moving in countercurrent to the axial velocity of the processed raw materials, while the formation of the activating agent is carried out in three x recovery boilers by entering the combustion products from the annular channel of the carbonizer into the recovery boiler for heating water, and the combustion products from the cylindrical channel of the carbonizer enter the recovery boiler to produce water vapor from hot water supplied from the recovery boiler to heat water, formed water vapor in the waste water boiler enters the waste heat boiler for overheating water vapor. 2. Installation for processing carbon-containing raw materials containing a carbonizer, a device for loading raw materials, a combustion chamber, an activated carbon cooler, wherein the carbonizer is made in a cylindrical body, coaxially with it, one in the other, two cylindrical shells, one external and one internal, are located, screw ribs are located on the inner shell, and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing and the outer shell form an annular channel, the outer and inner shells form a helical channel, and the inner the bulb forms a cylindrical channel, the screw channel being connected to the raw material loading device, the fuel combustion chamber located at the end of the carbonizer opposite the raw material loading device, in the outlet zone of the processed raw material, and the output of the combustion products in the zone of the raw material loading device, characterized in that the installation contains separately made carbonizer and activator, while two or more combustion chambers are installed in the carbonizer body, the nozzle channels of which exit tangentially to the annular channel, while the combustion chambers are fed with pyrolysis gas leaving the carbonizer, which is connected by pipelines to waste heat boilers, another combustion chamber is installed in the cylindrical channel of the inner shell, while the carbonizer is connected by a pipe to the activating agent and carbonizate mixer, which in turn is connected by a pipe to the activator made in the form of a cyclone separating fractions of pyrolysis gas and activated carbon and a connected pipe with an activated carbon cooler on one side and connected a nozzle with a combustion chamber connected to the waste heat boiler, the annular channel of the carbonizer is connected by a nozzle to the heat boiler, and a cylindrical channel of the carbonizer is connected by a nozzle to the steam boiler, which in turn is connected by a pipeline to the boiler a heat recovery boiler, a waste water boiler is connected to a heat recovery steam boiler that is an activating agent, a heat recovery steam boiler is connected on the one hand, with a combustion chamber, and on the other hand, connected by a pipeline to a waste water boiler and a steam boiler, connected to a flue gas purification device, which is connected to a flue gas and solid particle separation cyclone, while the flue gas separation cyclone It contains a flue gas outlet pipe through a chimney exhaust with a chimney and a solid particle outlet pipe to the hopper.

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