RU2543813C1 - Device for profiling soil surface and determining direction of flow of atmospheric precipitations in field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for measuring the soil surface profile and determining the direction of flow of atmospheric precipitations in the field comprises a frame (1) with height-adjustable supports (3) and a mechanic's level (12) mounted on it, a platform (10) movable in a vertical plane. The platform (10) is mounted on the supports (3) of the frame (1) with use of sleeves (2) and connected to the frame (1) of the screw mechanism. The screw mechanism consists of a screw (5) with a handle (6) with a turn counter (7) and the rotation angle of the handle (6), the central retainer nut (8) mounted on the frame (1), the lower nut (9) mounted rigidly on the movable platform (10). In the holes of the platform (10) at equal distances from each other in a two-dimensional grid nodes there are movable probes-rods (11). The probes-rods (11) are made of dielectric material and their upper ends are fixed to abutments-rings (17) made of electrically conductive material.

EFFECT: improvement of accuracy of measuring the soil surface profile and determining the direction of flow of atmospheric precipitations in the field.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for studying water erosion, and can be used in soil science, land reclamation and hydrology.

Known soil profilometer IP 250, designed to measure the surface profile of the soil during testing of tillage machines [1, p. 19]. The profilometer provides a base with three height-adjustable supports, set by level. The carriage with the measuring transducer mounted on it moves along the base guides. The carriage stroke is fixed in increments of 50 mm, the length of the section of one measurement cycle is 1800 mm. The number of measurement cycles - up to 50 [1, p. 19].

A disadvantage of the known device is the measurement of the profile of the soil surface in only one longitudinally vertical plane along the carriage for 1 measurement cycle, which does not allow to determine the direction of runoff of atmospheric precipitation.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measuring the surface profile of the soil and determine the direction of runoff of atmospheric precipitation in the field.

The goal is achieved in that the device for profiling the surface of the soil on sloping lands and determining the direction of runoff of atmospheric precipitation in the field contains a frame with height-adjustable supports and a level installed on it, a platform movable in the vertical plane, mounted on the frame supports using bushes and connected with a frame of a screw mechanism consisting of a screw with a handle with a revolution counter and a rotation angle of the handle, a central stop nut mounted on the frame, a lower nut installed on the same Strictly on a movable platform, in the openings of which at equal distances from each other in the nodes of a two-dimensional grid, movable probe rods made of dielectric material are placed, moreover, probe rods with their upper ends are fixed on stop rings made of an electrically conductive material and close the electric circuit .

In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device; FIG. 2 is a top view (sectional view) of FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram, in FIG. 4 - response surface for determining the direction of rainfall flow in the field.

The device consists of a frame 1 with four bushings 2, in which supports 3 with clamps 4 are installed, and in the center of the frame 1 there is a screw mechanism consisting of a screw 5 with a handle 6 with a revolution counter and a rotation angle of the handle 7, the central stop nut 8, lower nut 9 mounted on the platform 10, in the openings of which are movable probes-rods 11. On the frame is set level 12.

To increase the accuracy of determining the moment of contact of the probe-rod 11 with the soil surface to be profiled, an electric circuit is used (Fig. 3), which includes the positive pole of the power source 13, key 14, diode 15, flexible wire 16, stop rings 17 made of electrically conductive material , and the platform 10, which is the total "mass" and connected using a flexible wire with the negative pole of the power source 13. Moreover, the probe rods 11 are made of dielectric material with metal caps, and the platform 10 is the total mass and connected using a flexible wire 16 to the negative pole of the power source 13. The probe rods 11 are located in the holes at the same distance from each other in the nodes of the two-dimensional grid 18, formed from longitudinal and transverse lines (Fig. 2). All diodes 15 have a numbering corresponding to the numbering of the probe rods 11 with which they are connected and installed in a screen rigidly mounted on the frame (not shown conditionally). The device operates as follows.

Previously, before measuring the frame 1 of the device is installed horizontally using supports 3 at level 12 and secured with screw clips 4. Turn on the key 14 to close the electrical circuit and light up all the diodes 15 on the screen.

Next, rotate the screw 5 with the handle 6 and lower the platform 10 with the probe rods 11 until the first touch of one of the rods with the soil surface. This moment is determined by the open circuit and the extinction of the corresponding diode 15. The number of the extinct diode 15 is recorded in the observation log, and the position of the platform 10 is taken as the initial one.

Then continue to rotate the screw 5 until the next extinction of the diode 15 due to rupture of the electrical circuit when the corresponding rod touches the soil surface. The number of completed revolutions and the angle of rotation from the initial position of the handle for an incomplete revolution in degrees are read from the revolution counter and the angle of rotation of the handle 7 and recorded in the observation log for the extinct diode.

The value of the translational movement of the platform 10 is determined by the formula

where L is the translational movement of the base, mm; s is the thread pitch, mm; k is the number of full revolutions of the screw; γ is the angle of rotation from the initial position of the handle for an incomplete revolution, deg.

Then they continue to rotate the screw 5 with the handle 6 and carry out experiments according to the above procedure until all the diodes 15 go out. The results are recorded in the observation log, where a diagram is constructed in the form of a two-dimensional grid (see Fig. 2), in each node of which data is written (vertical movement) for the corresponding probe-rod 11. Based on these data, a response surface (stationary elevation of the nodes) is constructed, which determines the direction of rainfall flow in the field.

Experimental studies were conducted on various agricultural backgrounds, in total more than 5 (perennial grasses, arable land, arable land with harrowing, mulching, sowing winter crops, stubble crops, etc.). The research results after processing in the Excel program are presented in FIG. 4 is a graph representing a response surface on arable land with harrowing.

Information sources

1. An annotated collection of measuring instruments and test equipment. - Novokubansk: Federal State Institution "RosNIITiM", 2012. - 51 p.

Claims (2)

1. Device for profiling the surface of the soil on sloping lands and determining the direction of runoff of atmospheric precipitation in the field, characterized in that it contains a frame with height-adjustable supports and a level installed on it, a platform movable in the vertical plane, mounted on the frame supports using bushings and connected to the frame of the screw mechanism, consisting of a screw with a handle with a revolution counter and a rotation angle of the handle, a central stop nut mounted on the frame, a lower nut, is installed rigidly on a movable platform, in the openings of which at equal distances from each other in the nodes of the two-dimensional grid there are movable probe rods made of dielectric material, the probe rods with their upper ends mounted on stop rings made of an electrically conductive material that close the electrical chain. 2. Device for profiling the surface of the soil on sloping lands and determining the direction of runoff of atmospheric precipitation in the field according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric circuit for determining the moment of touch of the probe rod with the soil surface includes a positive pole of the power source, a key, a diode , a flexible wire, a probe-rod, an emphasis-rings and a platform, which is the common "mass" and connected using a flexible wire to the negative pole of the power source.

Images