RU2543671C2 - Magnetic device to study forces of internal interaction in solution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to measurement equipment, represents a magnetic device to study forces of internal interaction in a solution and may be used in physical chemistry. The device comprises a powerful electromagnet with pole tips in the form of truncated cones with high purity of mechanical treatment of working surfaces, with adjustable coaxiality of pole tips, besides, cone shaping surfaces of both poles are a continuation of each other. Also the device includes a flask with an aqueous or another diamagnetic paramagnetic solution placed into the centre of the pole-to-pole gap, in which under action of high-gradient magnetic field the condensate of dissolved paramagnetic is separated from diamagnetic dissolvent, when magnetic forces exceed forces of internal interaction in the solution.

EFFECT: production of a magnetic device to study forces of internal interaction in a solution.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Scope: The invention relates to the field of physical chemistry.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Truncated cone-shaped pole tips of an electromagnet are known (see US Pat. No. 4,359,706, 11/16/1982, H01F 3/00, total 7 pages).

The inventive magnetic device for studying the forces of internal interaction in a solution, including a powerful electromagnet, with pole tips in the form of slightly truncated cones, with high purity of machining of work surfaces, with adjustable alignment of pole tips, so that the conical generatrix surfaces of both poles are one a continuation of another, including a test tube with a diamagnetic solution of a paramagnet, placed in the center of the interpolar gap, in which In a highly gradient magnetic field, the condensate of the dissolved paramagnet is spatially separated from the diamagnetic solvent. The quality of the magnetic device is improved if a cavity is cut out in the magnetic circuit, including the yoke and pole pieces, in the form of a continuous or bounded circular tube coaxial with the axes of the magnetic circuit, with a section matching the smallest section of the pole pieces in the form of a truncated cone. When the magnetic field in the pole gap reaches its value when the magnetic forces in the solution exceed the forces of internal interaction in the solution, the condensate of the dissolved paramagnet separates from the diamagnetic solvent. In this case, the paramagnetic condensate is drawn into the region of a strong magnetic field. Figure 1 shows the separation of the condensate of an aqueous solution of copper sulfate from water in the interpolar gap; where 3 is the condensate of an aqueous solution of copper sulfate, 4 is water.

The foregoing is quite obvious if we conduct a simple assessment of the magnetic field: if we evaluate the magnetic field at a given point as a value directly proportional to the size (area) of the open (visible) areas of the working surfaces of the pole pieces and inversely proportional to the squares of the distance to them. In Fig.2, the interpolar gap of an electromagnet with pole tips in the form of truncated cones with a cut out central part is divided into sectors, in each of which the number of working surfaces of the pole tips of the electromagnet visible from this sector is affixed. And since the working surfaces of the pole pieces of the electromagnet are sources of a magnetic field in the interpolar gap, the figure put down reflects to some extent the magnitude of the magnetic field in each sector. From the above diagram in figure 2 it follows the presence of a high gradient of the magnetic field on the continuation of the working surfaces of the pole pieces 1 in the interpolar space 2. As a result of the approximation and as a result of deviations of the working surfaces of the pole pieces of the electromagnet from ideal mathematical smoothness, a high and finite gradient of the magnetic field occurs on the continuation working surfaces of the pole pieces of the electromagnet, and the value of the magnetic field gradient is higher, the higher the purity Ki working surfaces of the pole pieces of the electromagnet.

The magnitude of the magnetic forces acting in the solution can be calculated by the formula in CGSM [1]:

$$f_x=\chi \cdot \nu \cdot H\cdot \partial H/\partial \chi ,(\mathrm{one})$$

where ƒ _χ is the magnitude of the force acting on the substance in the x direction;

χ is the volumetric magnetic susceptibility of the substance;

ν is the volume of the substance;

H is the magnitude of the magnetic field;

x is the direction.

Paramagnetic condensate in the solution is separated from the diamagnet due to the high gradient of the magnetic field on the continuation of the conical working surfaces of the pole pieces, which will be the higher, the higher the purity of machining of the pole surfaces, with a maximum magnetic field in the center of the pole gap and with a minimum magnetic field inside the extensions of the conical surfaces poles. The magnetic field required for the separation effect is inversely related to the purity of the machining of the poles.

The described magnetic device is used as follows: since it is important to compare the forces of internal interaction for different solutions, it is therefore necessary to calculate the product of the volume magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnet by the square of the magnetic field at which the paramagnet condensate separates from the diamagnetic solvent. Moreover, the pole pieces with a given purity of machining of the working surfaces and the installation of the pole pieces themselves are unchanged for each row of compared solutions.

Note:

The condensate paramagnet in a new volume has a slight glow. Which corresponds to the transition of electrons in atoms from a free to a bound state and vice versa, accompanied by radiation.

Note:

The described magnetic device can be used to clean the diamagnetic solvent from the paramagnetic component of the solution.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention:

The invention is confirmed by experiment. Experiment parameters: for an aqueous solution of copper sulfate, the magnetic field is about 20000 Oe with a purity of ∇3 of machining of the working surfaces of the pole tips of an electromagnet.

The list of drawings and diagrams:

Figure 1 - separation of the condensate of an aqueous solution of copper sulfate from water in a magnetic iole.

Figure 2 - pole lugs 1 and interpolar gap 2 with a breakdown into sectors.

Literature

 [1] P. Selwood. Magnetochemistry Ed. IL Moscow. 1958 p. 13.

Claims (2)

1. A magnetic device for studying the forces of internal interaction in a solution, including a powerful electromagnet, with pole tips in the form of slightly truncated cones, with high purity of machining of working surfaces, with adjustable alignment of pole tips, so that the conical forming surfaces of both poles are one continuation of the other including a test tube with a diamagnetic solution of a paramagnet placed in the center of the interpolar gap, in which, under the action of a high-gradient magnetic I spatially separated from the condensate dissolved paramagnetic material diamagnetic solvent when magnetic forces exceed the forces internal interaction in solution. 2. A magnetic device for studying the forces of internal interaction in a solution according to claim 1, characterized in that in the magnetic circuit, including the yoke and pole pieces, a cavity is cut out in the form of a continuous or limited circular tube, coaxial with the axes of the magnetic circuit, with a cross section coinciding with the smallest section of the pole pieces in the form of a truncated cone.

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