RU2541129C2 - Vibrometric system for monitoring extended security boundaries - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, signalling.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of detecting an intruder of extended security boundaries. The technical result is faster and more accurate determination of the area of intrusion. The system consists of a central security post and a plurality of electronic units, each connected to a group of signal processors. Each signal processor is connected to a segmented vibration-sensitive element mounted on a physical enclosure. The electronic units are connected to the central security post by a first RS-485 interface line. The signal processors are connected to corresponding electronic units by other CAN interface lines.

EFFECT: improved functional reliability of the system by improving noise-immunity and accuracy of locating the point of intrusion, as well as use the principle of digital information transmission via communication lines with fewer wires.

6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of burglar alarms, in particular, to alarm systems designed to detect an intruder penetrating the detection zone of an extended security line and triggering an alarm.

Well-known methods of monitoring a protected area that traditionally use physical barriers in the form of mesh and trellis barriers, reinforced concrete fences, barriers made of flat or volumetric cutting tape (or spiral) type AKL (ASKL). In order to detect the intruder’s intrusion, together with physical barriers, alarm devices are used that give an alarm signal when the physical barrier is deformed (destroyed) or when characteristic vibrations are detected during an intruder’s climb through the physical barrier. For extended security lines with physical barriers, alarm devices are usually used with long cable vibration-sensitive elements that are rigidly fixed to the barrier web.

Typically, alarm devices transmit alarms to a central control point via individual communication lines or with the help of sealing concentrators and, as a rule, without localizing the place of crossing the border of protection by a human-intruder.

With a large number of alarm devices installed on long (up to 20 km or more) security facilities, such as the borders of the State Border of the Russian Federation, sections of railway lines or trunk pipelines, traditional control methods become unacceptable due to the complexity, large volume and high cost of equipment and cable communication lines. The functional reliability of such systems for detecting an intruder is low due to the low noise immunity and the uncertainty of places of violation of the border of protection. Thus, well-known control systems for long security lines are ineffective, expensive and do not have sufficient noise immunity.

Such systems include, for example, the well-known intrusion detection system, described in US patent No. 4107660, IPC G08B 21/00, publ. in 1978 and containing a remote control station (central processor), to which many processors (electronic units) are connected via a communication line. Each processor is connected to many sensors (sensors), which are located on the ground in series and are interconnected in a parallel manner when connected to a two-wire trunk in the form of a seismic line. One processor with a group of sensors connected to it provides protection of one section of a long line with a duration of, for example, 100 m.A complete set of processors with sensors connected to them ensures protection of a whole long line with a length of, for example, 1000 m. As sensors, they can be used as seismic sensors ( geophones) and pressure sensors (hydrophones).

Similar essential features of the declared and the aforementioned systems are: a remote control station (central processor), to which many processors (electronic units) are connected via a communication line, ensuring control of the extended security line with its division into many sections and the formation of an alarm for each section.

The disadvantage of the system is the lack of noise immunity. The analog signals generated by the sensors when the intruder overcomes the security boundary line are transmitted via the communication line to the processor, where they are processed in a certain frequency band with the formation of alarm signs. Since the signals from different sensors are summed up within one section in analog form and are also transmitted in analog form via wired communication lines, the noise immunity of the intrusion detection system is small. Another disadvantage of the system is that alarms are generated in the system with an accuracy of one section (100 m) and there is no possibility of localizing the place where the intruder crosses the guard line with an accuracy of up to one segment of the section (or up to one sensor).

It is known "Security alarm device" described in patent RU No. 2414002, IPC G08B 13/22, publ. in 2009 and comprising: an alarm fence with a sensing element mounted on it, a measuring amplifier, an amplifier with an adjustable gain, a trip indicator and a digital signal processor.

Similar essential features of the claimed system and the aforementioned device are: an alarm fence, a sensing element, a measuring amplifier (converter), a trip indicator (executive alarm device) and a signal processor.

Protection of long lines with the help of this device can be performed only by a large number of similar products using hubs and multi-wire communication lines, which will lead to high costs for equipment and cable communications.

Another disadvantage of the device is the limitation on the duration of the sensitive element, caused by the presence of an increasing level of noise with increasing linear length of the sensitive element. The third drawback is the lack of the ability to localize the place where the intruder crosses the guard line with an accuracy of up to the required segment of the site (with an accuracy of 10-50 m).

The well-known "Method of vibrometric detection of an intruder and a device for its implementation" described in patent RU No. 2263968, MGTS G08 13/02, publ. in 2005, the device contains: a vibration-sensitive element, a measuring transducer, an executive signaling device, a useful signal analyzer containing bandpass filters, envelope detectors, comparators, a pulse counter, a control unit, and logic elements. In the method and device, an extended segment of a triboelectric cable with a central conductor in the form of a spirally wound spring placed in a wave-like manner in the hole of the dielectric tube of the triboelectric cable is used as a vibration-sensitive element. As such a vibration-sensitive element, known triboelectric cables manufactured by domestic industry can be used, such as KTV, KTVD, KTVU, KTVU-M, KTV-Mf. The device provides detection of the fact that the intruder overcomes the physical obstacle both by careful climbing or deformation, and by biting the wire mesh wires with a mechanical tool. Through the use of two parallel barriers in the device, signaling information about the direction of movement of the intruder through the border of the guard can be obtained.

Similar essential features are: a vibration-sensitive element, a measuring transducer, an executive signaling device, a useful signal analyzer containing bandpass filters, envelope detectors, comparators, and a pulse counter.

The disadvantage of this device is the limitation on the duration of the sensitive element caused by the presence of an increasing level of noise with increasing linear length of the vibration-sensitive element. Another disadvantage is the inability to localize the place where the intruder crosses the border of the guard up to the required segment of the site (with an accuracy of 10-50 m).

All these disadvantages are partially eliminated in the other, closest in technical essence to the claimed invention, known perimeter intrusion detection system "Perimeter system for detecting intruders" described in US patent No. 6664894, IPC G08B 13/00, publ. in 2003

The system contains: a central guard post (PC central processor), a group of electronic (C) blocks connected to a central guard post using an interface line (RS-485), one, two or four groups are connected to each electronic block as a “star” sensors. Sensors in each group can be seismic, acoustic, or combined. In each group, the sensors are sequentially located on the ground and are combined using a communication line that provides the summation of analog signals with parallel connection of sensors to the communication line.

This system provides the formation of an alarm signal when an intruder overcomes any part of the security line with a group of sensors located on it. The alarm signal is generated in the electronic unit (C) with the number (address) of this section and transmitted to the central guard post (PC) via the RS-485 interface line. With the parallel placement of two groups of sensors on the site, it is possible to obtain signal information about the direction of movement of the intruder through the border of protection.

Common essential features with the claimed solution are: a central guard post and many electronic units connected to a central guard post using the first line of the interface.

The disadvantage of the system is the low noise immunity due to the summation of analog signals from different sensors and noise within the same section, and their transmission also in analog form via wired communication lines to electronic units. Another drawback of the system is that alarms are generated in the system with an accuracy of one section and there is no possibility of localizing the place where the intruder crosses the guard line with an accuracy of up to one segment of the section (or up to one sensor).

The aim of the present invention is to increase functional reliability.

Functional reliability can be improved by using the principle of segmentation (dividing sections of an extended security line into smaller segments) to increase noise immunity and increase the accuracy of localization of the place where the intruder crosses the security line, as well as using the principle of digital information transmission via low-voltage communication lines (RS type serial interfaces) -485 or CAN).

To achieve this goal, new significant features, functional elements and communications have been introduced into the well-known technical solution, which allow, firstly, to increase functional reliability by increasing noise immunity and increasing the accuracy of localization of the place where the intruder crosses the guard line, and secondly, to increase functional reliability by the simplification of transmission channels using the principle of digital information transmission through low-conductivity communication lines (serial interfaces such as RS-485 or CAN) thirdly, to save on communications, transmission channels and to reduce the overall material costs of creating a system, and in general to expand the scope of the system, both for the protection of local areas, limited control zones, and for extended security lines, such as perimeters critical facilities, the state border of the Russian Federation, trunk pipelines, railways, etc.

The increase in functional reliability was achieved, firstly, in the proposed first version of the vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines, which contains a central guard station and many electronic units for forming the area number, the first inputs / outputs of which are connected to the input / output of the central security station using the first line of the interface, to each electronic block for forming the section number, the first group of signal processors is connected, the inputs / outputs of which are via the second line erfeysa connected to the second input / output of the electronic portion for generating numbers, to the input of each signal processor connected segmented vibrochuvstvitelny element fixed on the physical fence.

Secondly, an increase in functional reliability was achieved in the proposed second version of the vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines, in which, in addition to the first version of the system, a second group of signal processors is connected to each electronic unit to form the area number, the inputs / outputs of which are connected via a third interface line with the third input / output of the electronic unit for forming the plot number, a segmented vibrochrome is connected to the input of each signal processor A valid element attached to a physical barrier.

Thirdly, an increase in functional reliability was achieved in the proposed third version of the vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines, in which, in addition to the second option, a third and a fourth group of signal processors are connected to each electronic unit to form the area number, the inputs / outputs of which, respectively, the fourth and fifth lines of the interface are connected to the fourth and fifth input / output of the electronic unit to form the section number, to the input of each signal essora connected segmented vibrochuvstvitelny element fixed on the physical fence.

Each segmented vibration-sensitive element has additional insulated wires (cores) located in the external circuit of the triboelectric cable.

Segmented vibration-sensitive elements connected to the signal processor constructively form vibration-sensitive links that can be connected to each other using detachable connections, thus forming a flexible extended vibration-sensitive module of the required length with the laying of interface lines and power circuits inside the triboelectric cable using additional insulated wires (veins) in a triboelectric cable.

Each signal processor contains a series-connected measuring transducer, useful signal analyzer, executive signaling device, and an interface module, the input of the measuring transducer being the input of the signal processor, the input / output of the interface module being the input / output of the signal processor, the output of the interface module connected to the second input of the useful analyzer signal.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-8, which depict the following.

In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the first version of the vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines, where the designations are introduced: central guard post (central processor) - 1, electronic units for forming the area number - 2, first interface line - 3, second interface line - 4, first a group of signal processors - 5, a segmented vibration-sensitive element (UHF) - 6, a security section with a single-flange arrangement of UHF - 7, an intruder (attacker) - 8, a physical barrier - 9.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of the second version of the vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines, consisting of a central guard post (central processor) - 1, electronic units for forming the area number - 2, the first line of the interface - 3, the second line of the interface - 4, the first group of signaling processors - 5, UHF - 6. In FIG. 2 designations are introduced: the third line of the interface is 10, the second group of signal processors is 11, the security section with a two-flange arrangement of UHF is 12. Intruder 8 moves in the direction of crossing the guard line. Physical barrier 9 in figure 2 is not shown.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the structural diagram of the third variant of the vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines, consisting of a central guard post (central processor) - 1, electronic units for forming the area number - 2, the first line of the interface - 3, the second line of the interface - 4, the first group of signaling processors - 5, UHF - 6. In FIG. 3 designations are introduced: the fourth 13 and fifth 14 lines of the interface, the third 15 and fourth 16 groups of signal processors, the security section with a parallel arrangement of UHF - 17. Intruder 8 moves in the direction of crossing the security line. The physical barrier 9 in FIG. 3 not shown.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows graphs of changes in signal levels and noise of an indivisible cable vibration-sensitive element depending on the increase in the length of an extended security line.

In FIG. 5 shows an example of the design of the microwave oven - 6, consisting of a copper spring - 18, holes - 19 in the dielectric tube - 20, screen - 21, protective polyethylene coating - 22, additional insulated wires (cores) - 23. A wire is soldered to the copper spring, which connects to the input of the signal processor 5.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows an example of a block diagram of a signal processor 5, which includes: a measuring transducer - 24, a useful signal analyzer - 25, an executive signaling device - 26, an interface module - 27. The input of the measuring transducer 24 is connected to the microwave output 6, and the output of the interface module 27 is connected to the second line of interface 4.

In FIG. 7 shows an example of the design of an extended vibration-sensitive module, consisting of several separate vibration-sensitive links interconnected using detachable connections 28. A plug 29 is installed at the end of the last vibration-sensitive link.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows an example of organizing the protection of an extended border using extended vibration-sensitive modules mounted on two physical barriers 9 located parallel to each other.

The operation of the system is based on the segmentation (division into segments) of an extended vibration-sensitive element (triboelectric cable), mounted on a single physical barrier 9. It is known that an extended cable vibration-sensitive element cannot be infinitely long, since it has a length limit during operation. The essence of the restriction is shown in FIG. 6, which shows graphs of changes in the levels of the local useful signal and noise versus the length of the section. The useful signal level decreases with increasing distance, and the noise level increases. The useful signal is local and decreases with increasing distance (mainly due to ohmic resistance) when passing from the place of occurrence to the electronic unit to form the site number. Using a charge amplifier as a measuring transducer allows you to tune away from the linear capacity of the cable, which increases significantly with increasing length. Broadband noise is induced in an extended vibration-sensitive element, as in an antenna, but not only in the local area, but along the entire length of the vibration-sensitive element. The noise level increases in proportion to the square root of three from increasing distance. In the graphs shown in FIG. 6, there is an inflection point where the signal to noise ratio is one. To the left of this point, the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than unity, which makes it possible to use a triboelectric cable as a vibration-sensitive element. To the right of the inflection point, the signal-to-noise ratio drops sharply, which makes it unacceptable to use a triboelectric cable as a vibration-sensitive element. The graphs show that for short lengths the signal-to-noise ratio is the highest. Therefore, to increase the noise immunity, it is advantageous to use triboelectric cable segments of not more than 10-50 meters, thereby ensuring a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 20-40.

The first version of the proposed system (Fig. 1) works as follows. When organizing the protection of an extended line (for example, 20 km), the entire line is divided into many sections 200-1000 m long. In turn, each section is divided into many segments. The number of segments from 10 to 20 (tentatively). An electronic unit is installed on each of the sections to form the number of section 2. On each of the segments of the section on the physical barrier, one UHF is installed 6. Each UHF 6 is connected to its own signal processor 5, which forms the number (address) of this segment of the section. In FIG. 1 dotted line indicates one security section 7 with a single-flange arrangement of UHF 6. The group of signal processors 5 that provide control of one section is connected to the electronic unit to generate the number of section 2 through the second interface line 4. Each electronic block to form the number of section 2 forms the number (address ) "Their" site. A lot of electronic blocks for forming the number of section 2, having their numbers (addresses), are connected to the central guard post (central processor) 1 through the first line of interface 3.

When the intruder 8 overcomes the long line of protection (anywhere) by “climbing” through the physical barrier 9 or when it is destroyed in the UHEC 6 of the corresponding segment of the section, an electrical signal will be generated due to the vibration of the canvas of the physical barrier 9 when the intruder 8 is mechanically exposed to it. The design of the microwave oven 6 is shown in FIG. 5. The microwave oven 6 is a segment of a triboelectric cable with a central conductor in the form of a spirally wound copper spring 18, which is wave-like in the hole 19 of the dielectric tube 20 of the triboelectric cable. A metal shield 21 is located on top of the dielectric tube 20. In the external circuit of the triboelectric cable, additional insulated wires (cores) 23 are laid over the metal shield 21, which are coated with an external protective polyethylene coating 22. The vibration of the physical barrier 9 is transmitted to the microwave oven 6, in which an electrical signal is generated due to the triboelectric effect, which, in turn, occurs when there are numerous collisions and frictions of sections of the copper spring 18 along the inner walls of the dielectric tube 20. The indicated principle of signal formation in triboelectric cables is known and is given, for example, in the description of patent RU No. 2263968, IPC G08 13/02, publ. In 2005, the electric signal formed in the UHF 6 enters the signal processor 5, which processes it to determine the violation of the protected line. The processing principle is based on measuring the mechanical vibrations of the physical barrier 9, extracting the useful signal in the frequency spectrum, comparing the amplitude components of the extracted useful signal with predetermined threshold levels, counting a certain number of impulses for exceeding the amplitudes of the useful signal of the specified threshold levels for a given time interval and generating an alarm signal ( or its sign). The block diagram of the signal processor 5 is shown in FIG. 6. The electric signal from the output of the microwave oven 6 is converted into a measuring transducer 24, which is used as a charge amplifier (see Gutnikov V.G., Integrated Electronics in Measuring Devices. L .: Energoatomizdat, Leningrad Branch, 1988, p. 40, Fig. 1.16, c). Next, the electrical signal is fed to the input of the useful signal analyzer 25, where it is further processed. The analyzer useful signal 25 performs the following sequence of operations:

- bandpass filtering of the components of the useful signal;

- detection of envelopes of a useful signal;

- comparing the components of the useful signal with threshold levels;

- counting impulses for exceeding threshold values in a time window;

- logical processing of the analysis results and the formation of an alarm sign.

The useful signal analyzer 25 has a control input (second input) through which the processing parameters of the signals coming from the UHF can be transmitted and changed 6. The operation of the useful signal analyzer is well-known and disclosed, for example, in the description of patent RU No. 2263968, IPC G08 13/02, publ. in 2005

When it is established that the intruder overcame the extended security line with the help of the UHF 6 and the signal processor 5, the signal defining the alarm sign is fed to the input of the executive alarm device 26, which is turned on in the active state of generating the alarm message for a certain time (for example, for 4 s). The alarm message is received at the input of the interface module 27, which, together with its own number (address) of the segment of the segment, transmits it via the second line of interface 4 to the electronic unit to generate the number of section 2. As an implementation of the second line of interface 4, it is advantageous to use an interface with CAN protocol, thereby providing higher system performance. The electronic unit for generating the number of section 2, on the corresponding section of the extended security line, receives information from the signal processor 5 of the corresponding segment of the section with the number (address) of this segment of the section and transmits it with the number (address) of “its” section to the central guard post 1. The principle of operation of the electronic unit for the formation of the site number 2 is known and is given, for example, in the description of US patent No. 6664894, IPC G08B 13/00, publ. in 2003

Thus, the central guard post 1 fixes the fact that the intruder overcomes the long boundary of protection at a specific site (site address) and at a specific site site (site segment address). Since the segment segment length is small (10-50 m), the system can be operated with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 20-40, which, together with the digital transmission of information via communication channels (interface lines), provides high noise immunity of the system. If necessary, the segment segment length can be increased (for example, up to 250 m), if the associated decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio does not lead to a significant decrease in the noise immunity of the system. Segmentation (dividing into segments) of an extended vibration-sensitive element allows you to adapt to the heterogeneity of the physical barrier 9, and also makes it possible to operate the system when monitoring an extended combined physical barrier, consisting of segments of different types of physical obstacles (for example: mesh cloth, concrete fence, Rabitsa mesh, lattice web, etc.). The electronic unit for forming the number of section 2 provides for the transfer (translation) of information from the central control post 1 to a specific signal processor 5, in which it is fed to the second input of the useful signal analyzer 25 through an interface module 27. This information is necessary for tuning (or reconfiguring) amplitude -time parameters of the analyzer useful signal 25 for working with various types of physical barriers 9.

A block diagram of a second embodiment of the system is shown in FIG. 2. The second version of the system, in contrast to the first version, ensures the operability of the system with a two-flange arrangement of the microwave oven 6 in the security sections 12, which are highlighted in FIG. 2 dotted lines. The second group of signal processors 11 on the left flank is connected to the electronic unit to generate the section number 2 through the third line of the interface 10. The second group of signal processors 11 together with the third line of the interface 10 function in the same way as the first group of signal processors 5 with the second line of the interface 4 of the first version of the system.

A block diagram of a third embodiment of the system is shown in FIG. 3. The third version of the system, unlike the second version, ensures the operability of the system with UHF 6 placed in parallel in the security sections 17, which are highlighted in FIG. 5 dotted line. The third 15 and fourth 16 groups of signal processors are connected to the electronic unit to form the number of section 2 by means of the fourth 13 and fifth 14 lines of the interface, respectively. The third 15 and fourth 16 groups of signal processors together with the fourth 13 and fifth 14 interface lines function in the same way, like signal processors and interface lines in the first and second versions of the system.

The multivariance of the system makes it quite universal, which allows to expand the scope of the system, both for the protection of local areas, limited control zones, and for extended security lines, such as perimeters of especially important facilities, the state border of the Russian Federation, trunk pipelines, railways, etc. P.

In FIG. 7 shows an example of the design of an extended vibration-sensitive module. The microwave oven 6 together with the signal processor 5 form a separate vibration-sensitive link of this vibration-sensitive module of length L (Fig. 7a). With the help of such links it is possible to “recruit” extended “chains” (Fig. 7b, c), connecting the vibration-sensitive links to each other using detachable connections 28. In FIG. 7b) the organization of the long line of protection, consisting of multi-tiered vibration-sensitive zones, is illustrated.

In FIG. 7c) illustrates the principle of organizing an extended security line consisting of vibration-sensitive links using additional insulated wires (conductors) of microwave oven 6. This principle allows you to create a flexible extended vibrometric module of the required length with the laying of interface lines and power circuits inside the triboelectric cable.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows an example of organizing the protection of an extended line with the help of extended vibration-sensitive modules mounted on two physical barriers 9 located parallel to each other and providing an exclusion zone. Such an arrangement of physical barriers makes it possible to obtain signaling information about the direction of movement of the intruder across the border of protection.

Using the principle of digital transmission of information over low-voltage communication lines in accordance with the protocols of serial interfaces (RS-485, CAN) allows transmission in the 3 kHz band, which allows the use of any type of communication cable. Given the remote location of extended security lines, this fact allows to reduce material costs for creating the system as a whole (using cheaper cables).

The existing laboratory models of the first, second and third versions of the system were subjected to all-weather tests for one year. The stable performance of existing laboratory models for detecting intruders against the background of interference caused by changing weather conditions was confirmed.

Introduced into the known device additional features and functional relationships allow you to give the options of the proposed system new significant properties and expand the scope of the system.

Claims (6)

1. A vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines, comprising a central guard post and many electronic units for generating a section number, the first inputs / outputs of which are connected to the input / output of the central guard station using the first interface line, characterized in that each electronic unit To generate the plot number, the first group of signal processors is connected, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the second input / output of the electronic unit for forming of the plot number, a segmented vibration-sensitive element connected to a physical barrier is connected to the input of each signal processor. 2. A vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines according to claim 1, characterized in that a second group of signal processors is connected to each electronic unit for forming the site number, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the third input / output of the electronic unit for forming plot number, a segmented vibration-sensitive element connected to a physical barrier is connected to the input of each signal processor. 3. A vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines according to claim 2, characterized in that the third and fourth groups of signal processors are connected to each electronic unit to form the site number, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the fourth through the fourth and fifth lines of the interface and the fifth input / output of the electronic unit for forming the plot number, a segmented vibration-sensitive element connected to a physical barrier is connected to the input of each signal processor. 4. Vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that each segmented vibration-sensitive element has additional insulated wires (cores) located in the external circuit of the triboelectric cable. 5. A vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines according to claim 4, characterized in that the segmented vibration-sensitive elements connected to the signal processor constructively form vibration-sensitive links that can be connected to each other using detachable connections, thereby forming a flexible extended vibration-sensitive module the required length with the laying of circuit lines of the interface and power circuits inside the triboelectric cable using additional insulated wires (cores) in a triboelectric cable. 6. Vibrometric system for monitoring extended security lines according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that each signal processor contains a series-connected measuring transducer, a useful signal analyzer, an executive signaling device and an interface module, the input of the measuring transducer being the input of the signal processor, the input / output of the interface module being the input / output of the signal processor, output the interface module is connected to the second input of the useful signal analyzer.

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