RU2538824C1 - Unit for collection and disposal of insect-pests - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for collection and disposal of insect-pests comprises chambers of blowing with nozzles, a source of excess air pressure and mechanisms of elimination of insects. The chambers of blowing have in the vertical section the shape close to the double oval. The chambers are made of pipes. The pipes on the top are connected to the source of excess pressure, and on the bottom - with opposed collectors. The collectors are provided with side nozzles and openings. The nozzles and openings are located at predetermined angle to the cove of the chambers and the direction of movement of the axis. In the ends of the chambers the openings for plants are made. In the side walls the channels are made for the exit of forced air. In the chambers of blowing the shakers of insects and disposal mechanisms are mounted. The disposal mechanisms are made in the form of screw conveyors. At the extreme chambers of blowing the fence umbrellas are mounted.

EFFECT: increased quality of collection of insects from bushes of plants.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in technology for collecting, for example, the Colorado potato beetle, its larvae and other insect pests (hereinafter - insects) from plant bushes.

A device for collecting and destroying the Colorado potato beetle (Pat. No. 2056105, RU, IPC 5/04, 11.24.1992, publ. 03.20.1995), containing an arcuate frame on wheels, equipped with guides for crimping the stems of the plant at the root, vertically mounted beaters, pest drives, made with recesses above the axles of the wheels and having pest grinders, a divider in the form of a biconvex lens in horizontal section. In this case, the grinders are made in the form of a pair of gears mounted on the bottom in the recess of the drives coaxially with the wheels, one of which is rigidly fixed to the wheel axis, and the divider is mounted on the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the device.

The disadvantage of this device is the falling of beetles and larvae on the ground in the gap between plants and guides.

Known for the Colorado potato beetle picker (Bryansk Institute, VNIPItransprogress, Agricultural Journal of Russia, No. 7, 1990, p.30), which is a combined unit using serial cultivator units, which simultaneously with the collection of beetles carries out inter-row processing of a potato plantation at the current time technologies.

The pick-up is mounted on the cultivator frame. It also has a discharge and a suction fan, a hopper with a beet grinder, a gearbox that drives all pick-up units from the tractor PTO. The main working unit of the device is a boat skid that moves in the aisle. Potato bushes undergo pulsation through exposure to air flow and the mechanism of shaking off beetle beetles. Under their influence, the beetles are shaken off to a skid, and from the skid the air flow through the suction pipe enters the hopper, and from there into the rotary chopper.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the machine, caused by the loss of pests already before crawling due to the movement of the working bodies of the soil.

The famous "vacuum cleaner against pests" (Newspaper for gardeners and gardeners of Bashkortostan, No. 10 (9) - Ufa, October 2000). The device includes a frame with wheels fixed to it, a pneumomechanical system (a motor from the Druzhba saw, two fans and a discharge and suction piping), a beet trap, a slot nozzle, a tray with a flap secured to the wheel strut by means of a spring shock absorber, which allows the tray to move copy uneven soil. A blower blower delivers air through a pipe to a vertical slotted pipe. A stream of air, leaving the nozzle, blows off the stems of the potato beetles and its larvae. They hit the shield and fall into the tray, from where they are carried away by a stream of air into the trap.

The disadvantage of this device is the loss of beetles and larvae by blowing them into the tray and, accordingly, poor-quality removal of pests from plant bushes.

A pneumatic device for collecting insects is known (A.S. No. 1773358, RU, IPC A01M 5/08, application form 02.01.91), comprising a plant blowing chamber formed by two nozzle blocks having windows with nozzles mounted at an acute angle to the vertical plane, and a fan, the discharge branch of which is in communication with the cavities of the nozzle blocks. The nozzles of the blocks are made in the form of dividing vanes installed in the openings of the windows of the blocks. The number of windows on the wall of one of the blocks is at least one, and on the wall of the other block is at least two. Opposite windows are offset relative to each other in the longitudinal direction by a distance not less than the length of the opposite window. The width of the blades is three times the distance between them, which successively decreases from top to bottom.

The disadvantage is the blowing of bushes from opposite windows located at different levels, which will not provide maximum collection of beetles in the receiving chamber, they will partially fall to the ground.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a device for the collection and destruction of insects (Pat. No. 2007082, RU, IPC A01M 5/08 of 22/01/1992, publ. 02/15/1994), containing a chamber for blowing bushes with two horizontally arranged nozzle blocks, a source of excess air pressure, a receiving chamber with receiving trays and two output windows, each of which is connected to a hopper-separator located between the receiving chamber and the suction fan duct, and a mechanism for copying soil and for installation on trans tailor vehicle, wherein the source of overpressure is designed as a two diametrical fans built into the nozzle blocks by receiving trays obliquely fan axes are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device and the receiver insect destruction mechanism coupled to the lower edges of the trays. In the lower part of the lateral nozzles, there are copiers of the soil relief made in the form of a parallelogram mechanism mounted pivotally on the vehicle.

The disadvantage of this device is the partial loss of beetles to the ground.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create an aggregate that improves the quality of the process of collecting insects from plant bushes.

As a result of solving this problem, it becomes possible to obtain an environmentally friendly product and create conditions for normal plant vegetation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the unit for collecting and disposing of insects, including blower chambers with nozzles, a source of excess air pressure, insect disposal mechanisms, according to the invention, the blower chambers of plant bushes (hereinafter chambers) have a vertical cross-sectional shape that is close to a double oval include frames covered with strong, light, smooth material, for example reinforced with thermoplastic, with openings from the ends to pass through the bushes of plants. Frames are made of pipes and mounted on frames with wheels. In the upper part of the pipe, the frame is connected to a source of excess air pressure, and in the lower part, at least two opposing manifolds with side nozzles and openings, which serve to pump air into the chamber from the source of excess pressure. Nozzles and holes are located with a given angle in the direction inside the airflow chambers to its arch and the direction of movement of the chambers. Jets of air, escaping from the side nozzles and openings of the collectors, knock down insects from the bushes of plants and, at the same time, cut off the gap between the collectors from the outer space, eliminating the loss of insects from the chambers to the soil.

Along the entire length of the chambers, not less than in two rows, scrubbers are installed to further knock down insects from the bushes. The scrubbers are made of lightweight elastic material coated with porous rubber or other lightweight soft material with a smooth surface, have an arched shape that copies the shape of the bushes, and are fixed in the upper part of the chambers through the drive mechanisms. Driving mechanisms provide horizontal movement to the scrubbers, depending on the width of the bushes, and the arched shape of the scrubbers, copying the outline of the bushes, allows you to more tightly grasp the bushes and knock down insects along its entire height.

The mechanisms for the disposal of insects and the removal of their residues from the chambers are screw conveyors, consisting of screws installed in casings with protective covers and located in the lower part of the chambers along their entire length, knives fixed at the ends of the screws, and gratings installed at the output ends of the screws transporters, jointly serving to grind insects and remove their debris from the chambers.

The rear wheels of the cameras are made adjustable in height and with dampers that dampen the vertical vibrations of the unit on uneven soil, and the front wheels are adjustable in height and on “bed” hinges, with the possibility of horizontal rolling, copying the furrows.

The proposed shape of the chambers with a collector with side nozzles and openings allows the best movement of air flows from nozzles and openings to the arch of the chambers, and then down the generatrix of the coating to the mechanisms of utilization of insects and removal of their remains from the chambers, preventing the release of downed insects to the soil of the outer space .

To exit the injected air from the chambers, windows are closed in the side walls of the frames, covered by material that is easily permeable to air, and so that the outgoing jets do not hit neighboring bushes, at some distance from the windows there are guides made of the same material as the entire coating, creating thereby vertical channels for the removal of air jets.

To prevent insects from falling from bushes adjacent to the extreme chambers of the unit, they are equipped with fence umbrellas connected to the suction line, the alternate operation of which is regulated by a shutter, depending on the direction of movement of the unit.

Figure 1 shows a camera blowing, side view; figure 2 - blowing chamber, view aa in figure 1; figure 3 - distribution of the velocity vectors of circulation of air jets in the chamber blowing; figure 4 - General view of the unit from above.

The unit includes cameras (at least one), each of which consists of a supporting frame 1 mounted on a frame 2 with wheels, coated on the outside or inside with durable lightweight material (Figs. 1, 2, 4) with openings at the ends. The supporting frame 1 is made of pipes, in the upper part connected to a source of excess air pressure, and in the lower part with two opposing manifolds 3, which have side nozzles 4 (figure 2) and holes 5 (figure 1), located with a strictly specified the angle in the direction inward of the chamber to its arch and the direction of movement of the chambers, which serve to pump air into the chamber. The dimensions of the side nozzles and holes, the speed of the air jets and their direction at the exit of the side nozzles and holes, creating optimal circulation of air jets inside the chamber (Fig. 3), providing blowing insects from the bushes, eliminating their falling to the ground between the collectors and the removal of insects along end openings of the camera coating are determined by calculation. The side walls of the camera body 1 are provided with windows 6 (Fig. 2), which are covered by a material permeable to air, and at some distance from the windows, guides 7 are made of the same material as the entire coating, creating channels 8 for venting air from camera (figure 2). In the upper part of the chamber, shakers 9 are fixed, for additional shaking of insects from plants having an arcuate shape. The scrubbers 9 work from the drive 10 (Fig.1, 2) and are fixed along the entire length of the chamber in two rows.

The camera is equipped with mechanisms for the disposal and removal of insect residues - screw conveyors installed in its lower part, including a casing 11 and protective covers 12, in which the screws 13 are located (Fig.2). Knives for grinding insects are installed at the output ends of the screws 13, and grids are installed at the output ends of the screw conveyors for removing insect debris (not shown in FIG.).

On the extreme (right and left) chambers, there are intake umbrellas 14 connected to the suction line 15 (FIG. 2), which, in the transport position, recline, as shown in FIG. 2. Alternate, depending on the direction of movement of the unit on the plantation, the operation of the intake umbrellas 14 is regulated by a shutter 16 (figure 4).

Air discharge lines 17 (figure 2) at one end are connected to the tubes of the frame 1, and the other to a source of excess air pressure.

The rear wheels are made with dampers that dampen the vertical vibrations of the unit, and the front wheels are mounted on the “bed” hinge, with the possibility of rolling the body horizontally, copy the furrows.

The hitch 18 is used to mount the camera on a truck, such as a tractor.

The unit operates as follows. The cameras are hung on the truck using the hitch 18. Fence umbrellas 14 are folded into the transport position, and the unit is delivered to the plantation under cultivation. On the plantation, umbrellas 14 are installed in the working position and the unit moves along the aisles at a given speed. In this case, the chambers pass the bushes of plants into the end openings. Air supply lines 17 supply air to the collectors 3. Air jets breaking out from the side nozzles 5 and openings 4 cut off the gap between the collectors and the outer space, knock down insects from the bushes of plants, carry along the streamlines of the air jets in the chambers and direct them to the mechanisms disposal and disposal of their residues from the chambers. In the mechanisms of utilization and removal of residues, insects are crushed with knives mounted on the ends of the axes of the screws 13 with gratings installed on the output ends of the screw conveyors (not shown in Fig.). A pair of knife-grill work together like scissors. Ground insects are thrown onto the soil or collected in containers.

At the same time, the scrubbers 9, making oscillatory movements, shake away insects remaining on the bushes of plants, which, getting into the air jets, are also sent to the mechanisms of utilization and removal of their residues.

When the unit enters the plantation, the suction line 15 works through the intake umbrella 14 installed on the right side of the unit, while the left intake umbrella 14 is turned off by the shutter 16. At the end of the field, the unit unfolds and rises into neighboring furrows, repeating the same process, but the shutter 16 turns on left fence umbrella 14, while disabling the right.

When the unit moves along the plantation, the dampers of the rear wheels absorb the vertical vibrations of the unit that occur on uneven soil, and using the front pair of wheels on the “bed” hinges, the furrows in the horizontal plane are copied.

Thus, the unit allows you to improve the quality of the process of removing insect pests from plants without the use of pesticides and create the conditions for an environmentally friendly product.

Claims (3)

1. The unit for the collection and disposal of insect pests, including blower chambers with nozzles, a source of excess air pressure, insect elimination mechanisms, characterized in that the blower chambers in a vertical section have a shape close to a double oval, made of pipes, in the upper part connected to a source of excess air pressure, and at the bottom - with opposing manifolds with side nozzles and openings forcing air into the blower chambers and located at a given angle to the arch of the blower chambers and the direction of movement Ia their axes; at the ends of the coatings of the blowing chambers, openings were made for passing through the bushes of plants, and on the side walls there were channels for the discharge of forced air; insect shakers and mechanisms for utilizing insects and removing their residues from the blowing chambers, made in the form of screw conveyors, are installed in the blower chambers; umbrellas are installed on the extreme airflow chambers. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the scrubbers have an arched shape that copies the outlines of the bushes. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw conveyors include screws installed in casings with protective covers, knives and grids for grinding insects and removing their residues from the blower chambers.

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