RU2538788C2 - Electric generator with rotor reciprocative movement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to electric engineering and intended to convert energy of low reciprocative movements into electric energy. Along the generator axis there are at least two magnetic circuits, each is included into composition of the stator (SPM) and rotor (RPM) permanent magnets magnetised radially and a part of the rotor axis, magnetic thrust, exterior ferromagnetic ferrule and butt end ferromagnetic core shaped as a wheel with hubs, where sections of output stator winding are placed. Outer RPM and inner SPM surfaces are equipped with contactless interacting rectangular profiles of meander type. There is a resilient contactless magnetic suspension of the rotor axis in the device. When the rotor axis moved longitudinally increase of magnetic resistance in one magnetic circuit will lead to reduction of the resultant flux and magnetic repulsion forces in this circuit. Reduction of magnetic resistance in the second magnetic circuit will lead to increase of the resultant flux and magnetic repulsion forces in it. The resulting force impacts the rotor in direction of its return to the initial state.

EFFECT: increase of efficiency of electric power conversion.

12 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the electric power industry and is intended to convert the energy of small reciprocating movements into electrical energy.

A known reciprocating motion generator (see patent RU 2304342 from 08/10/2007, H02K 35/02), which contains a ferromagnetic cylindrical body, sealed on both sides with non-magnetic plugs, into which a thin-walled ferromagnetic anisotropic frame is inserted with output windings connected in series according to and fixed by non-magnetic rings, a magnetic system consisting of a permanent magnet and pole pieces made of ferromagnetic material.

When the magnetic system is reciprocating, an EMF is created, the magnitude of which depends on the speed of movement and is summed up in series-consonant connection of the output windings. The conclusions from the windings through the rectifier are connected to a charging capacitor, from which voltage is removed to power the electrical circuit. The frame of a ferromagnetic anisotropic material serves to enhance the magnetic flux. The elastic braking of the magnetic system is due to the magnetic force arising at a given ratio of the width of the magnetic poles and the width of the output windings.

The disadvantage of the analogue is its low energy efficiency in the range of small reciprocating rotor movements.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a linear generator containing a non-magnetic cylindrical body, on the outer surface of which there is a winding, and a magnetic system made in the form of three axially-magnetized cylindrical magnets sequentially installed along the rotor axis: two fixed and one movable, rigidly fixed on the axis of the rotor and placed between the stationary magnets, with the poles of the same name facing them (see RF patent No. 2020699, Linear gene Rathore, IPC H02K 35/02, 30.09.1994). The elastic braking of the moving part of the magnetic system is due to repulsive magnetic forces between the unipolar surfaces of the permanent magnets.

A significant disadvantage of the prototype [2] is its low energy efficiency when exposed to small rotor reciprocating movements.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of high energy efficiency converting the energy of small reciprocating movements into electrical energy.

To achieve a technical result, at least two magnetic circuits are placed along the axis of the generator, each consisting of a part of the axis of the rotor, magnetic stop, stator and rotor radially magnetized permanent magnets (SPM and RPM, respectively), an external ferromagnetic cage and an end ferromagnetic core in the form of a wheel with the spokes on which the sections of the output stator winding are placed, and the outer surface of the RPM and the inner surface of the SPM are provided with non-contacting interacting rectangular profiles eandrovogo type, made as a rectangular threading with a pitch twice the value of the input nominalnooe reciprocating movement to the rotor axis, wherein the depth of the grooves meander profiles rotor and stator of the permanent magnets is chosen not less than twice the width of the projections of the profiles. As an embodiment, the interacting meander profiles of the stator and rotor permanent magnets are made in the form of a rectangular thread, the outer ferromagnetic cores of the magnetic circuits are attached to both the outer and end surfaces of the corresponding stator permanent magnets, the number of spokes in the end ferromagnetic cores is chosen from two to twelve, the number sections of the output winding are selected from two to 64, the number of pairs of magnetic circuits of the rotor magnetic system located on the common axis of the rotor is selected from one up to five, the rotor axis of the electric generator passes through the central holes of the end ferromagnetic cores of the magnetic circuits, between the stator permanent magnets there is at least one faceplate of non-magnetic material with holes for external fastening of the electric generator, the surfaces of the magnetic stops and the end ferromagnetic cores interacting with each other are made at an angle from 90 ° to 45 ° to the axis of the rotor, and the polarity of the poles of the magnetization of the permanent magnets of the second magnetic contact hurray is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding magnetization poles of the first magnetic circuit, in addition, sections of the output stator windings are loaded uniformly with any variant of their mutual connection.

The structure of the proposed electric generator is shown in figure 1 (full section along the axis of symmetry), figure 2 shows the end view. On the rotor axis 1 between the stops 2, 3 and 4, radially magnetized RPMs 5 and 6 are rigidly fixed. The outer surfaces of the RPMs 5 and 6 are provided with rectangular meander profiles containing protrusions 7 and depressions 8, which contactlessly interact with the internal meander profiles of the inner surfaces of the radially magnetized SPM 9 and 10. The width of the protrusions 7 and 11, the troughs 8 and 12, as well as the pitch of the meander profiles are the same for the stator and rotor permanent magnets, and the pitch of their placement is equal to twice the nominal value of the input reciprocating ostupatelnogo movement.

In the structure of figure 1, two interdependent magnetic circuits are formed:

- the first magnetic circuit consists of a rotor 5 and a stator 9 of permanent magnets, a part of the rotor axis 1, a magnetic stop 2, an external ferromagnetic cage 13, an end ferromagnetic core 14, on which sections 15 and 16 of the output stator winding are placed;

- the second magnetic circuit consists of RPM 6, part of the axis 1 of the rotor, magnetic stop 4, SPM 10, the outer ferromagnetic ferrule 17 and the end ferromagnetic core 18, on which sections 19 and 20 of the output stator winding are placed. A non-magnetic faceplate 21 is placed between the SPMs 9 and 10, and all the stator elements are pulled together by pins 22 through holes in the end ferromagnetic cores 14 and 18. In the faceplate 21, holes 23 are made for external mounting of the device.

Possible serial connection of two or more structures of figure 1 on the common axis 1 of the rotor with a rigid connection of the stator parts to each other through holes 23 in the faceplates 21.

Figure 2 shows a variant of the end ferromagnetic cores 14 or 18 with 4 radial spokes. Other options for the end ferromagnetic cores 14 and 18 with the number of spokes from 2 to 12 are possible, depending on the size and output power of the electric generator.

When indicated in figure 1, the magnetization of the permanent magnets 5; 6 and 9; 10 in both magnetic circuits, the rotor in the rotor axis 1 and RPM 5 and 6 are subject to significant repulsive magnetic forces, as a result of which the rotor axis 1 is installed in the center of the holes of the end ferromagnetic cores 14 and 18, which provides a non-contacting magnetic suspension of the rotor. The repulsive forces between the end surfaces of the magnetic stop 2 and the end ferromagnetic core 14, the magnetic stop 4 and the ferromagnetic core 18 provide elastic alignment of the rotor inside the stator in the position shown in figure 1. With an external action of X on the axis 1 of the rotor, the balance of the repulsive forces of the rotor from the end walls of the cores 14 and 18 is disturbed and the resulting force arises, which returns the rotor to its original state. EMF in sections 15; 16 and 19; 20 output windings arise when the rotor axis 1 is transversely moved due to a change in the area of mutual overlapping of the surfaces of the protrusions 7 and 11 of the meander profiles, changes in magnetic resistance and resulting magnetic fluxes in the first and second magnetic circuits. With the initial mutual position of the meander profiles indicated in FIG. 1 in the first and second magnetic circuits, a mutually antiphase change in the magnetic resistances in these circuits is provided. In this case, an increase in magnetic resistance in the first magnetic circuit when moving the rotor axis 1 to the right will cause a decrease in the resulting magnetic flux and magnetic repulsive forces in it, while a decrease in magnetic resistance in the second magnetic circuit will increase the resulting magnetic flux and magnetic repulsive forces in it . As a result, the vector of the resultant force action of the magnetic circuits on the rotor axis 1 will be directed opposite the input displacement vector X of the rotor axis 1, thereby creating elastic braking (self-installation) of the rotor to its initial position, in which the forces acting on the axis of the first and second magnetic circuits of the electric generator. When the overlap of the meander profiles of the rotor and stator passes through extreme values, the vector of the resulting effect of the forces of magnetic interaction on axis 1 changes its sign. The number of pairs of magnetic circuits of the stator magnetic system must be selected from one to five. An increase in the number of pairs of magnetic circuits of more than five is impractical due to the significant elongation of the axis of the rotor. To ensure a significant change in the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuits, the depths of the depressions 8 and 12 of the meander profiles of RPM and SPM should choose at least twice the width of the protrusions 7 and 11, and the gap between the surfaces of the protrusions 7 and 11 should be minimal. In order to reduce the total magnetic resistance of the magnetic loops, ferromagnetic clips are attached to both the outer and the end surfaces of the respective stator permanent magnets. An important advantage of the design of the electric generator is the mutual compensation of additional (dynamic) braking forces in the first and second magnetic circuits with a uniform electrical load of the sections of the output winding 15, 16 and 19, 20. As a result, the resulting elastic braking force (self-installation) of axis 1 is little dependent on the output current of sections 15, 16 and 19, 20. To achieve this result, a uniform load of the sections of the output windings is required for any variant of their mutual connection. The electrical energy consumed by the load is obtained due to the partial use of the huge internal energy of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets in the process of their interaction. As a result of this, high energy efficiency of the energy conversion of small reciprocating movements into electrical energy is provided in the proposed design of the electric generator.

In the current prototype of the electric generator, cylindrical permanent magnets made of NdFeB material with a coercive force Hc = 900 kA / m, height h = 25 mm were used, with the outer diameter Dн of the PSD equal to 130 mm, and for RPM Dn = 50 mm. When the pitch of the meandering surfaces of the SPM and RPM interacting with each other is 2.1 mm, and the width of the protrusions 7 and 11 of the interacting meander surfaces is 1 mm, a highly efficient conversion of the output winding sections 15, 16 and 19, 20 of the output winding translational displacements of the rotor axis X = 1 mm at a frequency of displacements acting on the rotor up to 80 Hz. A conversion coefficient of energy of reciprocating displacements with an amplitude of up to 1.5 mm and a power of up to 300 W has been almost reached close to 98%.

By the appropriate choice of the geometrical dimensions of the permanent magnets, the widths of the protrusions 7 and 11, the pitch of the placement of the meander profiles of the SPM and RPM, it is possible to ensure highly efficient operation of the electric generator with the values of the reciprocating movements acting on the rotor axis from 0.5 mm to 100 mm. With displacements X≥3 mm acting on the axis of the rotor 1, the surfaces of the magnetic stops 2, 4 and the end ferromagnetic cores from 14, 18 interacting with each other are conical with an angle of the forming cones ranging from 90 ° to 45 ° relative to the axis 1 of the rotor.

Taking into account the highly coercive permanent magnets available on the world market, the output power Pw of the proposed electric generator can be provided from 1 W to 6.3 kW. To increase the output power to 30 kW, it is possible to sequentially place from two to five pairs of magnetic systems on the rotor axis of an electric generator.

Information sources

1. Reciprocating motion generator. Patent RU 2304342 dated 08/10/2007 IPC H02K 35/02.

2. The linear generator. Patent RU No. 2020699 dated 09/30/1994. IPC H02K 35/02.

Claims (12)

1. An electric generator with reciprocating movement of the rotor, containing the rotor axis, a magnetic system of fixed and movable permanent magnets and an output winding, characterized in that the magnetic system is formed by at least two magnetic circuits, each as part of a part of the rotor axis, of a magnetic stop , rotor and stator permanent magnets, the interacting surfaces of which are made in the form of rectangular meander profiles, as well as an external ferromagnetic cage and an end ferromagnetic heart chnika a spoked wheel, which has an output winding section. 2. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of the interacting meander profiles of the rotor and stator permanent magnets is a multiple of the value of the nominal input reciprocating movement of the axis of the rotor. 3. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove depth of the meander profiles of the rotor and stator permanent magnets is selected at least twice the width of the protrusions of these profiles. 4. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of pairs of magnetic circuits of the rotor magnetic system placed on the common axis of the rotor is selected from one to five. 5. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of sections of the output winding is selected from two to sixty four. 6. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the interacting meander profiles of the stator and rotor permanent magnets are made in the form of a rectangular thread with a step twice that of the nominal value of the reciprocating movement of the axis of the rotor. 7. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the output windings are loaded uniformly with any variant of their mutual connection. 8. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer ferromagnetic ferrules of the magnetic circuits are attached to both the outer and end surfaces of the respective stator permanent magnets. 9. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of spokes of the end ferromagnetic cores of the magnetic circuits is selected from two to twelve, and the axis of the rotor of the electric generator passes through the central holes of the end ferromagnetic cores of the magnetic circuits. 10. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that between the stator permanent magnets placed at least one faceplate of non-magnetic material with holes for external mounting of the electric generator. 11. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the interacting surfaces of the magnetic stops and end ferromagnetic cores are made at an angle from 90 ° to 45 ° to the axis of the rotor. 12. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the polarity of the magnetization poles of the permanent magnets of the second magnetic circuit is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding magnetization poles of the first magnetic circuit.

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