RU2538071C1 - Hydraulic sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic sensor comprises the case with the cover, meanwhile it comprises a spool designed as a disk with a slot, mounted on the shaft, kinematically connected with an working member, and the nozzle element located radially with reference to the disk.

EFFECT: possibility to measure, besides the kinematic parameter of motion of the working member - speed, of other kinematic parameters, both force and power parameters.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Hydraulic speed sensors for measuring angular and linear velocities are known, in the housing of which there is a spool made in the form of a plunger and a sleeve with screw grooves in the opposite direction, while the spool sleeve is made rotatable relative to the body and spool, which provides a phase shift of the output signals (A. S. USSR No. 382000, MPKG01R3 / 32, 1973).

A disadvantage of the known device is the ability to measure only the speed of movement of the working body of the equipment, insufficiently high accuracy of speed measurement and significant energy consumption for the rotation of the spool pair.

 The technical result is the ability to measure, in addition to the kinematic parameter of the movement of the working body, the speed of other kinematic parameters (displacement and the length of the braking section when stopped), as well as power (forces and torques of hydraulic motors) and energy (power consumed by the drive) parameters.

The technical result is achieved in that the hydraulic sensor, comprising a housing with a cover, contains a spool made in the form of a slotted disk mounted on a shaft kinematically connected with the working body and placed nozzle element radially relative to the disk.

The nozzle element includes a housing with a nozzle, a throttle and a pressure sensor located therein.

Figure 1 presents a section of a General view of the proposed sensor, where 1 is the sensor body, 2 is the housing cover, 3 is the slotted disk, 4 is the sensor shaft, 5 is the nozzle element housing, 6 is the nozzle, 7 is the throttle, 8 is the sensor pressure.

 The sensor operates as follows.

When moving the working body of the equipment, the kinetic energy of the translational motion of the working body of the equipment is converted into rotational movement of the disk. The working fluid supplied to the sensor nozzle element from the pressure cavity of the hydraulic motor enters through the throttle (7) into the nozzle element housing (5) and then through the nozzle (6) enters the cavity of the sensor housing (1). When the disk (3) rotates, its slots interrupt the flow of working fluid flowing out of the nozzle, which leads to a change in pressure between the nozzle and the throttle, which is detected by the sensor (8). In this case, the sensor converts the pressure of the working fluid supplied from the pressure cavity of the hydraulic motor into discrete electrical signals sent to the drive control system.

The following is an example of using a sensor to control the parameters of a hole drilling process in parts using an automated drill feed drive.

Figure 2 presents a basic hydrokinematic diagram of the drive for supplying an aggregate head drill, where AG is an aggregate head, N is a pump, MN is a pressure gauge, UA is an electromagnet, ZP is a displacement adjuster, F is a filter, GM is a hydraulic motor, PLC is http: //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 % D1% 83% D0% B5% D0% BC% D1% 8B% D0% B9_% D0% BB% D0% BE% D0% B3% D0% B8% D1% 87% D0% B5% D1% 81% D0 % BA% D0% B8% D0% B9_% D0% BA% D0% BE% D0% BD% D1% 82% D1% 80% D0% BE% D0% BB% D0% BB% D0% B5% D1% 80 "\ t" _blank, CMS - information management system, DD - pressure sensor, P1, P2, P3 - distributors.

The drive feed drill using the sensor operates as follows.

The rotary disk (3) of the hydraulic sensor (Fig. 1) is kinematically connected with the hydraulic motor shaft with a gear ratio i2. The hydraulic motor allows the aggregate head to move through the kinematic chain, consisting of a gear transmission with a gear ratio i1 and a screw-nut gear with a screw pitch t _c .

After starting the pump H, the working fluid flows to the distributor P1 and to the hydraulic sensor. When you turn on the electromagnets UA5 and UA4 distributors P2 and P3, the aggregate head is quickly supplied to the working area of the machine. The translational movement of the aggregate head is converted into rotational movement of the disk (3) of the hydraulic sensor.

The working fluid through the throttle (7) of the hydraulic sensor enters the housing of the nozzle element (5) (figure 1). When the disk (3) rotates, its slots interrupt the flow of working fluid flowing out of the nozzle (6), which leads to a change in pressure P ^* ₁ between the nozzle (6) and the throttle (7), which is detected by the pressure sensor (8). In this case, the sensor converts the pressure P ^* _{1 of the} working fluid supplied from the pressure cavity of the hydraulic motor into discrete electrical signals sent to the drive control system.

Thus, the output signals of the sensor (8) form pulse signals with a frequency depending on the speed of rotation of the disk (3) or the movement of the aggregate head. The number of pulses determines the movement of the power head. The sequential differentiation of time travel determines the speed and acceleration of the power head. The fluid flow rate of the hydraulic motor, taking into account the volume loss, is determined by the speed of its movement and the working volume q of the _GM hydraulic motor.

Using a PLC in a given coordinate of movement of the aggregate head, the UA4 electromagnet is turned off, the distributor P2 closes, the movement slows down to the working feed of the aggregate head.

At the end of drilling, by the PLC command, the UA3 electromagnet is turned on, the distributor P3 closes the drain, ensuring that the aggregate head stops. At the PLC command, the electromagnets UA3 and UA4 of the distributors P2 and P3 are turned off. The aggregate head returns to its original position.

определяется по формуле:Flow through a hydraulic sensor

determined by the formula:

(1)

(one)

- коэффициент расхода элемента сопла - заслонка, образуемого соплом (6) и прорезями диска (3);Where

- flow rate of the nozzle element - a flap formed by the nozzle (6) and the slots of the disk (3);

- плотность рабочей жидкости, кг/м³;

- the density of the working fluid, kg / m ³ ;

d _c - nozzle diameter, M;

y is the distance between the nozzle and the disk, M;

- давление между соплом и дросселем, МПа;

- pressure between the nozzle and the throttle, MPa;

- давление на сливе гидромотора, МПа;

- pressure at the drain of the hydraulic motor, MPa;

- местные потери давления в напорной и сливной линиях датчика и перепад давления

=

.

- local pressure losses in the pressure and drain lines of the sensor and differential pressure

=

.

. Угол поворота вала гидромотора и перемещение агрегатной головки определяются по формулам:Using a high-speed PLC pulse counter, the exact pulse quantity n (t), the change in pressure drop, is determined

. The angle of rotation of the motor shaft and the movement of the power head are determined by the formulas:

(2)

(2)

; (3)

; (3)

where n (t) is the number of pressure impulses;

n _{0 is the} number of teeth of the modulator;

- шаг винта;

- screw pitch;

d _B - screw diameter, m;

α is the angle of the thread, deg;

L-movement of the power head, m;

- угол поворота вала гидромотора, град;

- angle of rotation of the motor shaft, deg;

i2 is the gear ratio between the shaft of the hydraulic sensor and the shaft of the hydraulic motor;

i1 is the gear ratio of the kinematic chain from the hydraulic motor shaft to the power head.

The speed and acceleration of the movement of the aggregate head is determined by sequentially differentiating the time movement according to the following formulas implemented under the PLC program:

(4)

(four)

(5)

(5)

- скорость перемещения агрегатной головки;Where

- the speed of movement of the power head;

a - acceleration of movement of the power head.

определяется по формуле:Flow through the hydraulic motor

determined by the formula:

(6)

(6)

where q _gm is the working volume of the hydraulic motor, m ³ .

Figure 3 shows the oscillogram of the hole drilling process with parameters measured by the hydraulic sensor in real time, where 1 is the signal from the flow meter, 2 is the flow rate, 3 is the pressure from the hydraulic sensor, 4 is the pulse signal, 5 is the displacement, 6 is the speed, 7- acceleration.

определяется по формулеHydraulic motor shaft torque

determined by the formula

; (7) Осевая сила

определяется по формуле:

; (7) Axial force

determined by the formula:

(8)

(8)

=

, и количестве импульсов n(t) в ПЛК.The signal from the pressure sensor (8) of the hydraulic sensor transmits information about the change in pressure drop on the hydraulic motor

=

, and the number of pulses n (t) in the PLC.

Thus, the use of a hydraulic sensor and a PLC provides the ability to measure, in addition to the kinematic parameter of the movement of the working body, the speed of other kinematic parameters (displacement and length of the braking section when stopped), as well as power (forces and torques of hydraulic motors) and energy (power consumed by the drive) parameters in real time and space.

Claims (2)

1. Hydraulic sensor, comprising a housing with a cover, characterized in that it contains a spool made in the form of a slotted disk mounted on a shaft kinematically connected with the working body and placed nozzle element radially relative to the disk. 2. The hydraulic sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle element includes a housing with a nozzle, a throttle and a pressure sensor located therein.

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