RU2535575C2 - Support for protection of development workings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: support for protection of development workings includes blocks made in the form of parallelepipeds from material based on a hydraulic binding compound. Blocks are installed on each other in the form of a protective strip along the working. Each block has a projection on one of the block edges and cavities on the opposite edge. A projection has a length throughout the block edge and is directed along the block central axis. Additionally, the block edge provided with cavities is provided with a cavity directed along the central axis of the block and made in the form of a through groove that has the same size as transverse grooves. A protection support of development workings, except for blocks, includes collapsible members that are not connected to blocks structurally.

EFFECT: improvement of fixation to each other of support blocks for protection of development workings during their being laid both along and across the protective strip, which in its turn allows easy arrangement on a horizontal plane of the blocks of a layer of collapsible members; with that, number of layers and types of materials, from which they are made, is chosen individually considering certain mining-and-geological conditions.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

This invention, lining for the protection of preparatory workings, relates to mining and can be used to protect the preparatory workings with a view to their reuse in the development of shallow thin and medium thickness formations.

Known:

- lining for mine workings (ed. certificate of the USSR No. 796444, bull. No. 2, 01/15/1981);

- mine bonfire support (ed. certificate of the USSR No. 964168, bull. No. 37, 10/07/1982);

- a method for protecting excavation (auth. certificate. USSR No. 969899, bull. No. 40, 10.30.1982);

- lining for the protection of preparatory workings (ed. certificate. USSR No. 1064004, bull. No. 48, 12/30/1983);

- an element of mountain lining (author's certificate. USSR No. 1201513, bull. No. 48, 12/30/1985);

- security support (ed. certificate of the USSR No. 1216354, bull. No. 9, 03/07/1986);

- a method of erecting a security structure in development (ed. certificate of the USSR No. 1458580, bull. No. 6, 02/15/1989);

- a way to protect the workings outlining the excavation field and the fire support for its implementation (Ukrainian patent No. 25239, bull. No. 6, 25.12.1998r.);

- a method of attaching mine workings (options) (RU 2159332, bull. No. 32, 11/20/2000);

- artificial security support (RU 2162943, bull. No. 4, 02.10.2001).

A cabinet for a near-track strip is known, comprising blocks, gaskets between them and wedges installed between the upper block of the cabinet and the roof of the formation, characterized in that the cabinet is additionally equipped with a gasket installed between the upper block and the wedge, while all gaskets are made of material of greater rigidity, than the material of the block (ed. certificate of the USSR No. 1177497, bull. No. 33, 09/07/1985).

Known support for the protection of preparatory workings, made in the form of a guard strip, consisting of separate blocks laid on each other by the working parties, characterized in that each block is made up of two identical elements, one of the sides of which is working and represents a flat surface, and the other side is made in the form of a relief surface having a semicircular section, oriented perpendicular to one of the pairs of the side sides of the block element and located at a distance from each other to which is equal to the diameter of the recess, with the creation of protrusions between the said recesses, while the elements of the block are aligned with each other by the sides that have recesses and protrusions, so that the recesses of one element are placed coaxially with the protrusions of the other element, allowing the recess-protrusion to engage after the mountain pressure and their subsequent movement in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface of the block element, with the creation of a compliant connection that accepts the load from the side of the massif, while the number of blocks along the height of the guard strip is determined by the formula with the possibility of erecting a guard band of the necessary flexibility for a given reservoir power (patent RU 2112882, bull. No. 16, June 10, 1998).

Known support for the protection of preparatory workings, made in the form of pedestals, consisting of individual reinforced concrete blocks stacked on top of each other and malleable elements, characterized in that the working sides of each block have recesses in the form of grooves, and malleable elements are made in the form of individual gaskets, the height of which more depth of the recesses by the amount of flexibility of the gaskets, and the recesses of adjacent blocks in the stands are oriented in mutually perpendicular planes, and compliant gaskets are installed between the recesses of adjacent blocks Cove into the cabinet and adjacent blocks of individual pedestals (auth. svid. USSR №1262048, Bul. №37, 07.10.1986 g).

The closest technical solution taken as a prototype is the support for the protection of the preparatory workings, including reinforced concrete blocks made in the form of parallelepipeds with flexible elements, stacked on top of each other with the creation of a guard strip along the workout, characterized in that each block in the middle part has a protrusion and the notch, and compliant elements - the shape of the ribs and are located on both sides of the protrusion, and the protrusion is made on the lower face of the block, and the notches - on the connection of the upper face with each of the two opposite lateral faces and is made deeper than the height of the protrusion by the amount of flexibility of the ribs, while the blocks along the guard strip are oriented by recesses towards each other, and the protrusions are located in adjacent recesses (Auth. St. USSR No. 1511408, bull. No. 36, 30.09. 1989).

The disadvantage of this lining for the protection of preparatory workings is the significant complexity of laying the blocks in the guard strip, namely the process of keeping them together during laying of the blocks both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical. This is due to the fact that the recesses of the blocks are made at the junction of the upper face with each of the two opposite side faces and correspond in shape to half of the protrusion of the block, and in size more by the amount of flexibility of the ribs. The installation of each subsequent upper block with a protrusion in the recess created by two adjacent lower blocks does not connect them to the guard strip as a whole. Each vertical with a width of one block of such a guard strip: two blocks with half a recess - a block with a protrusion, two blocks with half a recess - a block with a protrusion, and so on, over the entire width of a mine that needs to be supported, is not connected with an adjacent vertical of exactly the same blocks . Therefore, if during the construction of the lining, at the time of its expansion into the roof, you do not specifically support such verticals, they will be unstable and will crumble.

Also unstable at the time of construction, the security strip according to the prototype is also in the transverse direction, because each longitudinal tape of the security strip with a width of one block is also not connected in the transverse plane with adjacent longitudinal tapes of the security strip.

The disadvantages of the support for the prototype can be attributed to the fact that the flexibility of the support is strictly dependent on the number of blocks vertically, since compliance is set by malleable elements in the form of ribs that are located on both sides of the protrusion on the block itself. The constructive relationship of the compliant elements with the block itself does not allow the flexibility of the lining to be varied from the minimum value (hard) to the required flexibility value for specific geological conditions.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the lining to protect the preparatory workings, in which the protrusion is made to the length of the entire block face along its central axis, the recesses are made in the form of through transverse grooves in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the block, the central recess being located in the middle of the block face, and the subsequent ones are located on two sides of it at a distance of the step of placing protrusions of adjacent blocks in the guard strip, and compliant elements are not structurally connected with the blocks. In addition, the face of the block with recesses in the form of through transverse grooves is additionally equipped with a recess in the form of a through groove located along the central axis of the block, the latter being made of the same size with transverse grooves.

With this solution, a technical result is achieved, which consists in a more reliable and convenient fixation between the lining blocks to protect the preparatory workings during their laying both along and across the guard strip. Achieving such a technical result provides consumer properties of lining for the protection of preparatory workings, namely, reducing the complexity of installing it in a mine and improving the state of safety.

The problem is solved in that in the known lining for the protection of the preparatory workings, including blocks made in the form of parallelepipeds made of a material based on a hydraulic binder, stacked on top of each other, creating a protective strip along the working, each of which has a protrusion and recesses, while the protrusion made on the upper face of the block, and the recesses, which are made with the possibility of placing protrusions of adjacent blocks in them, on the opposite face of the block, and compliant elements, in accordance with the invention, you the blunt is made to the length of the entire face of the block along its central axis, the recesses are made in the form of through transverse grooves in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the block, the central recess being located in the middle of the face of the block, and the subsequent ones on both sides of it at a distance of the placement step in the guard strip protrusions of adjacent blocks, and compliant elements are not structurally associated with the blocks. In addition, the face of the block with recesses in the form of through transverse grooves is additionally equipped with a recess in the form of a through groove located along the central axis of the block, the latter being made of the same size with transverse grooves.

Due to this design of the inventive lining for the protection of preparatory workings, a causal relationship between the set of essential features of the invention and the technical result is provided. A protrusion made along the entire length of the block face and directed along the central axis of the block, recesses made in the form of through transverse grooves and directed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the block, the central recess being located in the middle of the block face, and the subsequent notches on both sides of it the distance of the placement step of the protrusions of adjacent blocks in the guard strip, and compliant elements structurally not connected with the blocks allow these blocks to be laid perpendicular to the protrusion of the previous layer of blocks x planes without additional efforts to orient the blocks and any need to hold the structure, because the recesses of one block fix the protrusions and hold several blocks at once. Since the protrusion-notch connection, which is located not at the junction of the upper and lateral faces, but in the body of the block itself, holds the structure by itself quite firmly, successive laying of blocks in horizontal and vertical planes holds the guard strip as a whole as a single array.

The blocks fastened together by means of a protrusion-recess connection are connected into a single array almost at the moment of laying the second block layer from the ground to which a layer of flexible elements can be laid, on which another layer of blocks is again vertically laid. The number of balls of blocks and layers of pliable elements is determined by mining and geological conditions. In the inventive support for the protection of preparatory workings, there is no need to shift each layer of blocks with a layer of compliant elements, since there is no constructive connection of compliant elements with the block itself, which as a result allows you to vary the suppleness of the support from the minimum value (hard) to the required ductility value for specific mining -geological conditions.

To strengthen the connection between the blocks of the guard strip both in the longitudinal and transverse directions and create a state of a single whole, the block face with recesses in the form of through transverse grooves additionally equip a recess in the form of a through groove oriented along the central axis of the block, which is made of the same size with transverse grooves .

Thus, the set of essential features of the lining for the protection of the preparatory workings, which is claimed, allows to achieve the claimed technical result - a more reliable and convenient fixation between the blocks of the lining for the protection of the preparatory workings during their laying both along and across the guard strip, which in its the queue makes it easy to place on a horizontal plane of blocks an interlayer of pliable elements, while the number of interlayers and the types of materials from which they are made are selected individually ualno to the specific geological conditions. Achieving this technical result provides consumer properties of the inventive lining for the protection of preparatory workings, namely: reducing the complexity of installing it in a mine and improving the state of safety.

The essence of the invention, the lining for the protection of preparatory workings, is illustrated by drawings, which schematically show: (Fig. 1) - block front view, (Fig. 2) - block side view, (Fig. 3) - security strip - view along the mine, (Fig. 4) is a cross-section of a guard strip of a mine, (Fig. 5) is a block according to claim 2 of the formula — a front view, (Fig. 6) is a block according to claim 2, is a side view.

The support for the protection of preparatory workings consists of separate blocks 1 in the form of parallelepipeds, which are made of a material based on a hydraulic binder, for example, cement. With the addition of other components, blocks 1 can be made of cement-sand mixture, concrete, reinforced concrete, etc. The upper face 2 of block 1 has a protrusion 3 made along the entire face 2 of the block and oriented along the central axis of block 4, and the opposite face 5 of block 1 has recesses 6 with the possibility of placing protrusions 3 of blocks of the lower support layer in them. The recesses 6 are made in the form of through transverse grooves and are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the block. The Central recess is located in the middle of the face of the block, and the subsequent ones on both sides of it at a distance L, which is equal to the step of placing protrusions of adjacent blocks in the guard strip (Figs. 1, 2).

At the time of laying blocks 1 in the guard strip, they are oriented with protrusions in one direction, for example, up, but it can also be down. Further, the blocks are laid so that the protrusions of 3 adjacent blocks of the previously laid layer 7 of blocks 1 fall into the recesses 6 of the subsequent layer 8 of blocks 1. Thus, along the height of the guard strip, the layers of blocks are oriented in mutually perpendicular planes, creating a guard strip as a whole (Fig. .3, 4).

Blocks 9 according to claim 2 of the formula (FIGS. 5, 6) are laid in the guard strip as follows: the first previous laid layer of blocks 7 is oriented with protrusions in one direction, for example, upwards, and the next upper layer 8 is laid so that these protrusions fall into additional longitudinal recess 10 on the lower edge 5 of block 9. To create a guard strip as a whole, the blocks of the subsequent layer can be placed with a shift along the longitudinal axis, like bricks in construction (Fig.6). The third layer of blocks can be laid perpendicular to the protrusions of the previous layer of blocks of the plane. All subsequent layers of lining are arranged in the necessary sequence, depending on the geological conditions, strip width, condition of the roof and soil, etc.

Compliant elements 11 are laid between the layers of blocks 1 and / or 9 as interlayers (Figs. 3, 4). The number of interlayers from pliable elements and the material of these interlayers are selected depending on the specific mining and geological conditions of the mine, the height that must be maintained, the required period of maintenance of the mine, etc. Interlayers may be absent (rigidly), may be laid between several layers of blocks 1 and other material, which is used for ductile elements, provides the structure in the required mode of compliance. As malleable elements, cuts, sleeper beams, chipboard, modern foams, etc. can be used.

To expand the lining between the roof and the excavation ground, under the last layer of the guard strip blocks, gaskets 12 are installed and the lining is wedged. If necessary, gaskets are also installed on the excavation ground.

The inventive lining for the protection of preparatory workings can be performed using known means and methods, and in its implementation is able to ensure the achievement of the claimed technical result, and therefore meets the condition of industrial applicability.

No technical solutions identical to the claimed support for the protection of preparatory workings were revealed during a patent search. Thus, the invention, which is claimed, relates to mining and can be used to protect preparatory workings, meets the conditions of patentability, since it has an inventive step, is new and industrially applicable.

Claims (2)

1. The support for the protection of the preparatory workings, including blocks made in the form of parallelepipeds, made of a material based on a hydraulic binder, laid on top of each other, creating a guard strip along the working, each of which has a protrusion and recesses, while the protrusion is made on the upper face of the block and the recesses made with the possibility of placing protrusions of adjacent blocks in them, on the opposite side of the block, and malleable elements, characterized in that the protrusion is made to the length of the entire face of the block along its central and, the recesses are made in the form of through transverse grooves in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the block, while the central recess is located in the middle of the block face, and the subsequent ones are located on both sides of it at the distance of the step of placing protrusions of adjacent blocks in the guard strip, and compliant elements are not structurally linked to blocks. 2. The support for the protection of preparatory workings according to claim 1, characterized in that the face of the block with recesses in the form of through transverse grooves is additionally equipped with a recess in the form of a through groove located along the central axis of the block, the latter being made of the same size with transverse grooves.

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