RU2535402C1 - Method of complex pre-plant treatment of seeds and magnetic classifier for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes the reciprocating and oscillating motion of seeds and their treatment by magnetostatic field at a simultaneous fractioning and impaction of seeds. The method is implemented using the magnetic classifier which comprises the housing with the shape of truncated octahedral inverted pyramid (1) with flat sieves (2). The pyramid is installed in the frame (3). In the bottom of the housing one magnet (4) is installed. Above on the horizontal element of the frame two magnets are installed. The amount of sieves can be varied depending on the amount of fractions at separation of seeds.

EFFECT: invention allows to decrease the time of treatment and the cost price of pre-plant treatment of seeds at the expense of total refusal from the use of the electric power.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry, and in particular to mechanical methods of preparation for sowing difficult-to-grow seeds, and can be used before sowing in the soil, for example, coniferous seeds and other species.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds, including the application of mechanical damage to the hard shell of seeds under the influence of electro-hydraulic shock (SU 400125 A1, АСС 1/00, 08/05/1977).

To implement the known method requires special energy-intensive technical means.

There is a method of presowing treatment of seeds, consisting in the mechanical destruction of the shells as a result of impact of falling seeds on a scarifying working body in the form of corners with an abrasive coating, making vertical oscillatory movements with a frequency of 10-50 Hz (SU 1586549 A1, А01С 1/00, 08/23/1990 )

In the known method, during impact interaction of seeds with an abrasive working surface, uncontrolled damage to their shell and crushing is possible, which reduces the sowing quality of the processed seed mass and processing efficiency.

In addition, the form of the scarifying working body in the known method is not suitable for treating seeds of a small fraction.

Known methods for treating seeds in a constant magnetic field and created by electromagnetic (description of patents RU 2175179, 2175180, 2175181, 2175825).

The disadvantages of the known methods are the high energy intensity of the process, the complexity of the equipment for creating electromagnetic fields, the long processing time, the ability to conduct only one type of seed treatment.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds, providing for mechanical damage to the seed shells by placing them in a chamber with an abrasive surface in the form of a torus stream and a half, informing the camera of oscillatory movements in vertical and horizontal amplitudes at an outer diameter equal to 0.5-2.0 of the diameter of the seed fraction material, and a frequency of 900-2000 vibrations per minute (RF Patent No. 2399182, A01C 1/00, publ. 09/20/2010).

The disadvantages of this method are: at the same time the seeds are processed only one specific fraction; complete mixing of the processed seed material only due to the toroidal shape of the stream and movement along a spiral path is impossible; the method is carried out on devices using electric drives, which means that it is energy-intensive; the recommended oscillation frequency is unacceptable for coniferous seeds - they will crack and the embryo will be damaged, that is, this method is limited in application.

Known vibration classifier, consisting of a hopper with sieves, grate and a vibrator (AS No. 971510, B07B 1/40, B07B 1/46, Bull. No. 41).

The disadvantages of this classifier are stationarity, the complex shape of grid-irons requiring precise installation; the vibrator is mounted asymmetrically at the bottom of the tray and it is very difficult to evenly distribute the source material over the canvas of the tray.

Known classifiers are stationary devices that are powered by an electric drive. The use of devices for creating a pulsating air medium or special combs in these structures to reduce the layer of sifted material greatly complicates the design of the classifier and reduces productivity. In addition, the practice of using such classifiers has shown their effectiveness only in the presence of large volumes of sifted material, which is practically unacceptable for forestry.

Known classifier, including a sealed chamber with a block of sieves mounted one below the other, and a drive in the form of an electromagnet (AS USSR No. 804007, B07B 1/46, B07B 4/08, B07B 7/12, 04/02/79. Bull. No. 6).

The disadvantages are the use of electricity, stationarity, the complexity of the design as a whole, the use of the lid and bottom of the chamber from an unknown flexible material, the price of which can significantly increase the cost of the entire classifier.

As a prototype, the method of presowing treatment of seeds and a magnetic device for its implementation, which provides for the processing of barbation of seeds with the simultaneous repeated exposure of magnetic fields of opposite directions to a microelement with seeds moving along a closed circuit, are selected. The solution is heated to a temperature of 20-25 ° C. The solution contains the following ratio of components, wt.: Manganese sulfate 0.05 ÷ 0.1, Copper sulfate 0.05 ÷ 0.2, Boric acid 0.003 ÷ 0.1, Zinc sulfate 0.1 ÷ 0.2, Water the rest ( RF patent No. 2105449, А01С 1/00, publ. 02.27.1998).

The disadvantages of the prototype are: the need to prepare a complex solution in compliance with mass ratios and its heating; purging the treated seed material with air, which requires a compressor and, therefore, the use of electricity; repeated exposure to a magnetic field, i.e. repeated repeated placement of seeds in the processing device, which increases the time of the entire processing.

The objective of the invention is the development of a resource-saving mechanical method of complex pre-sowing treatment of difficult to germinate seeds to be sown, increasing their sowing qualities due to a complex of simultaneously conducted technical operations, and a device for its implementation.

The technical result - improving the quality of processing, increasing seed germination due to fractionation of seeds simultaneously with impaction in a constant magnetic field, creating a non-energy-intensive process.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of complex pre-sowing treatment of seeds, including processing in a constant magnetic field, according to the invention, the seeds are provided with a reciprocating motion and at the same time they are processed in a magnetic field, they are fractionated and impacted.

The reciprocating-vibrational movement of the working body contributes to a change in the horizontal and vertical components of the speed of the seeds, which determines the movement of the seed mass along the trajectory in the form of an infinity sign and is accompanied by their mixing with shaking, which occurs as a result of the collision of the working body with a horizontal frame element. Magnets installed in a specific order, namely: one - at the bottom of the working body, two - at the top of the working body, create a magnetic field in which the seeds are processed.

The invention will reduce the time of physical impact on seeds and processing in general, reduce the cost of pre-treatment of forest seeds due to the complete rejection of the use of electricity.

In the claimed invention, the processes of fractionation, impaction and processing in a constant magnetic field occur simultaneously. The method is as follows. Seeds placed on a flat sieve are sifted as a result of oscillating motion, while the seeds rub against each other quite intensively, since each lower sieve is smaller than the sieve. As a result, pre-sowing treatment in time is reduced by 2-4 times. Processing is carried out over a period of time providing the required completeness of isolation of the passage fractions.

The invention solves the problem of simplifying the design, creating mobility, a complete rejection of electricity, reducing the cost of the fractionation process, increasing seed germination.

This is achieved by the fact that in the magnetic classifier for implementing the method of integrated pre-sowing treatment of seeds, comprising a housing with magnets, according to the invention, the housing is made in the form of a truncated octagonal inverted pyramid with flat sieves installed in the frame, one magnet is installed at the bottom of the case, and a horizontal element at the top frame - two magnets, and the number of sieves is selected depending on the number of seed fractions.

The chamber in the form of an octagonal pyramid has the ability to make oscillatory movements from side to side, the amplitude of which is limited by the elements of the frame. The presence of two magnets at the bottom of the case and at the top of the frame allows interaction with the magnetic lines of the earth. The directed collision of a truncated octagonal inverted pyramid with a horizontal frame element creates the movement of seeds along the trajectory in the form of an infinity sign and contributes to better loosening and fractionation of the material being shared, uses the impact effect, reduces the clogging of the sieve holes, and increases seed germination.

The structural diagram of the proposed magnetic classifier is shown in the drawing: in Fig.1 - side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view.

The magnetic classifier includes a chamber in the form of an octagonal pyramid 1 with installed sieves 2 in a cylindrical frame 3, a magnet 4 is installed at the bottom. Two more magnets 5 are mounted on the upper circle of the frame 3 with the possibility of movement around the circle.

The classifier works as follows.

Seeds to be processed with simultaneous separation into size fractions are loaded onto the upper sieve. With oscillatory inertial movement of the working body in the form of an octagonal pyramid 1, seeds move along the surface of the sieves 2 with the simultaneous effect of impaction and sifting through the holes. The efficiency of the impact from sieve to sieve is not reduced due to the fact that the subsequent sieve is smaller than the previous one, which also determines the design of the case in the form of an inverted octagonal pyramid. When the surface of the working body collides with the carcass 3 element, the seeds are thrown, moving along the trajectory in the form of an infinity sign, and processed in a constant magnetic field, which helps to increase germination and more complete fractionation due to loosening of the material. The movement continues for the required time, taking into account the directions of the Earth's magnetic lines thanks to one magnet at the bottom of the body and two at the top on the frame. The small dimensions of the classifier allow you to freely transfer it from place to place and use in any conditions.

The number of mechanical effects on the seeds is reduced, which is especially important for coniferous seeds, given their physical and mechanical properties and cost. The cost of processed by the proposed method of seeds is reduced by 40-60%.

The proposed method is resource-saving and environmentally friendly, the use of which provides a high level of fractionation, impact, significantly reduces the cost of pre-treatment of seeds.

Claims (2)

1. The method of complex presowing treatment of seeds, including processing in a constant magnetic field, characterized in that the seeds are given a reciprocating motion and at the same time as processing in a magnetic field, they are fractionated and impacted. 2. Magnetic classifier for complex pre-sowing seed treatment, comprising a case with magnets, characterized in that the case is made in the form of a truncated octagonal inverted pyramid with flat sieves installed in the frame, with one magnet installed at the bottom of the case and two at the top of the horizontal frame element magnet, while the number of sieves is selected depending on the number of seed fractions.

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