RU2534329C2 - Multifunctional stand-alone hybrid charging station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to renewable energy sources and intended for generation of electric energy for charging of hybrid and electric cars as well as cars with flywheel-type energy storage units. The multifunctional stand-alone hybrid charging station (MSAHCS) may be used as a stand-alone power plant for production and household use by consumers, video monitoring of the environment, instrument monitoring of meteorological and ecological situation in the location area. In MSAHCS the correlation between elements of its design is introduced and also the functional interaction of the above elements is given.

EFFECT: invention allows charging of hybrid and electrical cars and flywheel-type energy storage units independently from conventional energy sources; joint use of renewable sources of solar energy, geothermal energy and wind energy any time any day in the year round; effective recovery of electric energy from the MSAHCS shaded side using helio-spotlights as well as weather and environment monitoring; hot water supply for the MSAHCS needs.

10 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Multifunctional Autonomous Hybrid Electric Charging Station (MAGES) refers to renewable energy sources of the Sun, wind and heat of the Earth and is designed to generate electricity for the purpose of electric charging of hybrid, electric and flywheel energy storage vehicles. MAGES can be used as an autonomous power station in the interests of domestic and industrial consumers, as well as providing weather and environmental monitoring.

Known solar power plant [patent RU No. 2141606, 06/20/1996] [1], containing a solar radiation receiver with a focusing device, semiconductor converters, a cooling system with a steam generator. The disadvantage of this invention is the generation of electricity only in the daytime, the presence of a complex device of a steam generator with rubbing parts, which over time will lead to their wear and loss of operability, in addition, the device requires constant technical maintenance and repair.

The invention is known [patent RU No. 2395758, 07/27/2010] [2] relating to solar power plants with solar concentrators and tracking systems used in power plants designed to generate electricity by photovoltaic conversion of solar energy. The solar power plant includes an array of continuously watching the sun photovoltaic installations placed in the form of a rectangular grid with orientation from north to south and from west to east. The disadvantage of this invention is the large area occupied by photovoltaic converters, the inability to generate electricity in cloudy weather and at night.

A known utility model [patent RU No. 106309 of 07/10/2011] [3], comprising: a tower in the form of a confuser-diffuser; circular vortex solar concentrator having at least two input windows; external rotor wind power installation with vertical and horizontal blades; internal blade wind turbine; low-speed magnetoelectric generator; heat pump station; ring magnet of radial magnetization, which is mounted on the top edge of the tower; power elements of the fastening of the external rotor wind power installation and the internal blade wind turbine. The disadvantage of this utility model is the fact that the outer surface of the tower, painted with highly selective paint, serves only to heat the upward flow of air inside the tower and does not provide for the generation of electricity from solar radiation. In addition, the internal blade wind turbine can efficiently generate electricity at an upward flow velocity of air inside the tower within 8-12 m / s, which is achieved with an absolute temperature difference of the lower and upper parts of the tower of 40 ° -45 ° C, which is in the hot season at an ambient temperature of more than 30 ° it is not always possible to achieve. It should also be noted that the horizontal blades of the external rotor wind power installation do not fully receive the outgoing air flow from the tower diffuser, since they are far enough from the upper edge of the diffuser.

The invention is known [patent RU No. 2440543 of 01.20.2012] [4], operating on the use of alternative energy sources (energy of solar radiation, heat of the Earth and wind) and containing: cofusers combined in a circular nozzle block of 6-16 or more mating solar collectors; a tower painted with black highly selective paint, which serves to heat the vertical air flow; devices for loading, placing and unloading bulk material; rotor-type wind power plant with a vertical axis of rotation; a turbine and an electric generator used to convert the energy of the air flow and wind energy into electrical energy, which is used to supply the accumulated energy resources of other objects of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, this installation can be a source of alternative energy and autonomously supply other objects with accumulated energy resources. The main disadvantage of this invention is the low efficiency of the pebble battery of thermal energy in the winter months of the year, the absence of photovoltaic solar modules on the outside of the tower in order to more fully use solar radiation to generate electricity.

A common disadvantage of the utility model [3] and invention [4] is: insufficient efficiency of using solar radiation on the shadow side of the tower; The solar-vortex concentrator (circular nozzle block) serves only for heating air and forming a vortex inside the tower. The use of photovoltaic panels in these designs is not provided.

The prior art also known solar power installation (SEU) [SU No. 1687113 from 10.30.1991] [5], in which, along with solar panels, a wind engine is used. An SEU generates electricity in the daytime and transmits current to a static converter, and a wind engine (VD) generates electricity in the presence of wind both day and night and transfers it to a static converter. SEU and VD can work separately. The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of electricity VD generation at any time of the day at a wind speed of less than 3 m / s. It should be noted that for the middle strip of Russia, most of the known designs of wind turbines begin to generate electricity at a wind speed of more than 7 m / s.

As a prototype, a patent [3] was adopted as the closest in technical solution and essence, as well as in the achieved result to this invention.

An object of the invention is: the most useful use of the energy of solar radiation, wind and the Earth in order to obtain, regardless of the weather and time of day, free electricity for charging rechargeable batteries of hybrid and electric cars; power supply of other devices and devices of MAGEZS, providing environmental monitoring and electric balance of electric power and battery charge level; receiving hot water due to heat removal from the collector from copper pipes. The joint use of the energies of the Sun, wind and the Earth implies ensuring the year-round autonomous operation of the MAGES.

The specified technical result is achieved:

- by creating at any time of the day of the year a constant vortex air flow inside the BCD using a circular curvilinear confuser-swirl, which also acts as a solar collector for heating the air at the entrance to the BCD;

- using a heat pump that provides heating of the air flow inside the circular curvilinear confuser-swirler due to heat exchange between the copper pipelines of the spiral collector with hot coolant and the copper (aluminum) base of the circular curvilinear confuser-swirler;

- the location in the lower part (plane) of the BCD of a conical swirler with copper pipelines wound on its outer surface for the heat-transfer fluid and the presence of a slit swirl located at least 1 m from the critical section, which allows you to hold and stabilize the vortex inside the BCD;

- the location in the upper part of the BCD at a distance of 1 m from the critical section of the axial-blade swirl with curved blades;

- the use of tandem photo-solar modules (TFSM), which is a new generation thin film made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) and combined with a micro-transparent silicon thin film (μc-Si) into a single tandem module (a-Si / μc-Si) . In the production of TFSM according to the new tandem technology, two layers of films are used - a thin film of amorphous silicon and a micro-transparent silicon film, which are applied to the glass base. A layer of amorphous silicon converts the visible part of the spectrum of the sun into electrical energy, and a micro-transparent film converts the energy of the sun to the invisible infrared spectrum (source of information [6] http://www.corporation22.com);

- exposure to TPSM, which serve as the top cover of the circular collector-swirler, by solar radiation, while electricity is generated and air is simultaneously heated, ensuring the creation of a vortex flow draft inside the BCD;

- the conversion of the energy of the vortex flow into electrical energy using an internal wind power installation with counter-rotation blades associated with the external and internal rotors, which is ensured by the aerodynamic orientation of the wind blades of these rotors;

- the presence of at least two horizontal external wind blades fixed through an overrunning clutch on the axis of the internal rotor of the internal counter-rotation wind turbine;

- the location of the horizontal external blades directly at the outlet of the diffuser;

- the presence of a rigid connection in the form of rods of a rectangular configuration between the ends of the horizontal outer blades and the horizontal blades of the VREVU mounted on the upper movable ring of the thrust bearing;

- the presence at the ends of the blades of the opposite rotation of the permanent magnets with alternating poles and windings of coils located opposite these magnets on the outer and inner surfaces of the critical section of the BCD;

- placement on the external surface of the BFM TFSM generating electricity in sunlight, and excess heat through the copper substrates of the TFSM heat the air inside the BCD, providing traction inside the BCD;

- the use of solar projectors to illuminate the shadow side of a circular curvilinear confuser-swirler and BKD, which ensures maximum use of solar energy in the daytime;

- the availability of premises for charging and storage of charged batteries for the purpose of their further use for the needs of the MAGES;

- installation of temperature and light sensors providing reliable optimal operability of MAGEZS.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 - General view of the MAGES side; figure 2 - location VREVU and airborne; figure 3 - the location of the components of the MAGES under the BCD; figure 4 is a helioprojector in the context; 5 is a General view of the MAGES from above; 6 is a block diagram of the monitoring and control MAGES.

MAGES contains the following components and devices: circular curvilinear confuser-swirl 1 (hereinafter swirl 1); curved vertical guide wall 2 of the swirler 1; circular TFSM 3, which is the top cover of the curved confuser-swirl 1; entrance windows 4 with a protective grid; base 5 made of copper (or aluminum) material, swirler 1; output window 6 of swirl 1; BKD 7; critical section 8 BKD 7, here the term critical section should be understood as the minimum cross-sectional area in the transition zone of the confuser in the diffuser; internal wind turbine of oncoming rotation (VDVV) 9; external rotor wind power installation (VREVU) 10; vertical blades 11 aerodynamic profile VREVU 10; horizontal blades 12 of aerodynamic profile of VREVU 10; horizontal external blades 13 of the aerodynamic profile of airborne forces 9; counter-rotation blades 14 of the airborne forces 9; inclined blades 15 of the aerodynamic profile of VREVU 10, the number of listed blades in the design of the MAGES from 2 to 12, depending on the tasks and weather conditions; rods 16 of a rectangular configuration, connecting the horizontal blades 12 VREVU 10 with the outer blades 13 of the airborne forces 9; weather station 17; video surveillance cameras 18; conical swirler 19; copper tubes 20, which are wound on the outer surface of the cone swirl 19; block of replaceable and non-replaceable batteries (battery) 21; freewheel 22; thrust bearing 23 of VREVU 10 (FIG. 2), comprising an upper ring 24 with two parallel circular grooves on the lower plane, intended for bearing balls 26; a movable ring 25 having two parallel circular grooves on its upper and lower planes intended for bearing balls 26; the lower ring 27 with two parallel circular grooves on the upper plane under the bearing balls 26; permanent magnets 28; coil windings 29; power elements 30 for mounting the shaft of the internal and external housing of the rotor airborne forces 9; permanent magnets 31, mounted on the ends of the blades of the oncoming rotation 14 of the airborne forces 9; winding coils 32 located on the inner side of the BKD 7 in a critical section 8; an axial-blade swirl with curved blades 33, installed at a distance of not less than 1 m from the critical section 8; an external rotor 34 of the Airborne Forces 9 containing winding coils (not shown); an internal rotor 35 of the Airborne Forces 9 containing magnets with alternating poles (not shown); heat pump 36; a spiral collector 37 for the coolant, made of copper pipes, located under the copper (or aluminum) base 5 of the swirl 1; insulation 38 collectors 37; the outer surface 39 BKD 7; TFSM 40 located on the outer surface 39 BKD 7; electrovalve 41; circulation pump 42; electrovalve 43; heat exchanger 44 of the battery tank 45 for hot water supply; branch pipes 46 for hot and cold water; ground water heat exchanger 47; heat exchanger 48 of the heat pump 34; throttle 49; compressor 50 of the heat pump 36; distribution electrical panel 51; motor cable 52 (one or more), which is a flexible cable, one end of which is connected to an electric motor, which is used to unwind the flywheel energy storage devices of hybrid vehicles; cable connector 53, which is a flexible cable, one end of which is connected to an electrical connector (one or more), used to charge batteries and electric cars; solar projectors 54 (two or more), designed to illuminate the shadow side of a multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station, the internal cavity of each solar projector represents a hemisphere with a mirror internal surface; rails 55; trolley 56; turntable 57; circular convex circular lens 58; optically active dome 59; flat convex hexagonal lenses 60; flat convex middle lens 61; light sensor 62; the housing 63 of the solar projector 54 with an internal mirror surface; a biconcave lens 64 located in the center of a spherical cavity with a mirrored inner surface of the solar projectors 54; supports 65 helioprojectors 54 (two or more); horizontal shaft 66 of the solar projectors 54; hydraulic telescopic cylinders 67 with a hydraulic drive from a gear pump; bearing balls 68 of the turntable 57; gear wheel 69; gear 70; a drive motor 71 for rotating the platform 57; wheel drive electric motor 72 of the movable trolley 56; wheels 73 of the movable trolley 56; rail track 74; temperature sensors (not shown) installed on the TFSM copper substrate (3, 40) and in the storage tank 45; electronic control unit 75; information screen 76.

The work of the MAGES is carried out as follows: the sun's rays act on the TFSM 3, 40, while electricity is generated, which is sent through the electronic control unit 75 to the replaceable and non-replaceable battery 21; the shadow side of the TFSM 3, 40, BKD 7 and swirler 1 is automatically illuminated by solar projectors 54 during daylight hours, which makes it possible to maximize the use of solar radiation to convert it into electricity; at the same time, the sun's rays heat the TFSM 3, 40, which through copper substrates transfer heat to the inside of the swirler 1 and the confused part of the BKD 7, heating the air there; air heating inside the swirl 1 is also provided by the heat pump 36 by pumping the heat-transfer fluid through the spiral manifold 37 using the compressor 50 and the inductor 49; the collector 37 transfers heat to the copper (or aluminum) base 5 and copper tubes 20; the heated air in the swirl 1 and confuser part of the BKD 7 tends to rise due to the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet inside the BKD 7, which creates traction; the resulting air draft is enhanced by the formation of vortex flows by curved vertical guide walls 2 of the swirler 1, a conical swirl 19 with copper tubes 20 that are wound on its outer surface, and an axial-blade swirl with curved blades 33 installed at a distance of at least 1 m from critical section 8; ascending vortex air flow with an axial velocity of 8 m / s, which is calculated depending on the parameters of the vortex, the height of the BKD 7 and the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the BKD, acts on the counterclockwise vanes of the 14th Airborne Forces 9, bringing them into counter-rotation; inlet windows 4 provide the volume of air flow for the formation of an upward swirling air flow of the required power, sufficient for the operation of the airborne forces 9; the protective grid of the entrance windows 4 serves to prevent the entry of birds and large insects into the cavity of the swirl 1; the counter-rotation blades 14, which kinematically belong to the outer rotor 34 containing the windings of the coils, rotate in one direction, and the counter-rotation blades 14, kinematically connected to the inner rotor, which contains alternating-pole magnets, rotate in the other direction; as a result of the impact of the upward swirling air flow, the blades of the 14th Airborne Forces 9 are driven in counter-rotation, while the relative speed of rotation of the magnets and windings of the coils is doubled, therefore, electricity is generated at an axial velocity of the swirling air flow of 5 m / s; counterclockwise rotation blades of 14 airborne engines 9 under the influence of an upward flow of air also generate electricity by moving the permanent magnets 31 near the windings of the coils 32, this electricity through the electronic control unit 75 is also used to charge the replaceable and non-replaceable batteries 21; the vortex air flow leaving the diffuser acts on the outer blades 13 of the aerodynamic profile, which, rotating through the rods 16, transmit the initial torque to the VREVU 10, which makes it susceptible to wind speeds of 2.5 m / s; the increase in power and rigidity of the VREAU 10 is facilitated by the presence in the design of the inclined blades 15 of the aerodynamic profile, which connect the ends of the vertical blades 11 of the aerodynamic profile of the VREAU 10 with the movable ring 25 of the support bearing 23 of the VREAU 10; the incoming air flow acts on the vertical blades 11 of the aerodynamic profile, horizontal 12 and inclined 15, which leads to the rotational movement of the VREVU 10 together with the movable ring 25; the movable ring 25 rotates on bearing balls 26 located in parallel circular grooves between the upper ring 24 and the lower ring 27 of the thrust bearing 23 of the HWPEU 10; when the movable ring 25 is rotated, the permanent magnets 28 located on both sides interact with the windings of the coils 29 located on the fixed rings and generate electricity, which is transported through the electronic control unit 75 to the interchangeable and non-replaceable battery pack 21, they are charged; the horizontal outer blades 13 of the aerodynamic profile are connected to the shaft of the internal rotor 35 of the airborne forces 9 using an overrunning clutch 22, which, in turn, combines the power of the airborne forces 9 and VREVU 10, which ensures the optimal power generation mode, in in this case, the maximum energy is used from the axial component of the vortex flow inside the BKD 7 and from the high-speed wind pressure; overrunning clutch 22 at a wind speed of less than 10 m / s disconnects the shaft of the internal rotor 35 of the airborne forces 9 from the outer blades 13, in this case the airborne forces 9 and the high-speed energy recovery device 10 generate electricity, functioning separately; vertical 11, horizontal 12, inclined 15 blades of VREVU 10 and horizontal external blades 13 of aerodynamic profile are oriented so that their rotation is carried out in one direction with the internal rotor 35 of the airborne forces 9; hot water is produced, as a rule, in the warm season, when there is enough solar energy to heat the air inside the swirl 1 and BKD 7, at this time the heat pump is turned off; excess heat is removed from the spiral collector 37 by changing the flow path of the heat transfer fluid, in which case the electrovalve 41 is turned on by the electronic unit 75 according to the readings of the heat sensors located on the copper substrates TFSM 3, 40 and on the copper (or aluminum) base 5, as a result of the heat transfer fluid does not enter the heat pump; at the same time, the electronic unit 7 includes an electrovalve 43, which directs the heat-transfer fluid to the collector 44 located in the storage tank 45 with heated water; after heat transfer, the heat transfer fluid is pumped to the collector 37 by the pump 43 and the cycle repeats; the selection of hot water and the supply of cold water to the storage tank occurs through nozzles 46 (HOR. HOLE); weather station 17 and video surveillance cameras 18 located in the upper part of BKD 7 transmit real-time information on temperature, humidity, wind speed, visibility on roads within the technical capabilities of video cameras, as well as the state of the surrounding area in order to prevent threats of various origins; information from the weather station 17, video surveillance cameras 18 and the level of electric charge of the replaceable and non-replaceable battery 21 is transmitted through the electronic control unit 75 to the information electronic screen 76; cable-motor 52 and cable-connector 53 are connected to the electrical distribution panel 51 and, controlled from the electronic unit 75, provide the promotion of hybrid super-flywheels, as well as charging electric cars.

Solar projectors 54 provide illumination of the shadow side of the TFSM 3, 40, BKD 7 and swirler 1 during daylight hours in the automatic mode as follows: sunlight through an optically active dome 59, having the form of half a torus, composed of plano-convex hexagonal lenses 60, with a flat part directed inside the helioprojector 54, and through a plano-convex lens circular 58 in parallel rays penetrate the spherical cavity of the housing 63 with a mirror surface and reach the biconcave lens 64 located in the center of the spherical cavities; the sun's rays reflected from the mirror surface of the housing 63 and the biconcave lens 64 are directed to the plano-convex middle lens 61, which collects the reflected sun's rays in a convex part and directs them to the shadow part of the MAGES; light sensors 62, located on the shadow side of the BCD 7 and solar projectors 54, send signals through the electronic control unit 75 to turn on the electric motor of the drive 71 of the rotary platform 57, the rotation of which is carried out by the interaction of the gear 70 and the gear wheel 69, a signal is also sent to the electric motor of the wheel drive 72 of the movable trolley 56, which provides rotation of the wheels 73, the latter move the solar projector 54 along the rail track 74, thus, the shadow side of the MAGES is illuminated in automatic mode IU; the lighting of the shadow side of the MAGES in the vertical plane is controlled by hydraulic (pneumatic) telescopic cylinders 67 driven by a gear pump (not shown); Hybrid and electric cars are charged by a motor cable 52 and a cable connector 53, which receive electric power from an electric panel 76, and an electric panel 76, in turn, receives electric power from a replaceable and non-replaceable battery 21 through an electronic control unit 75.

The invention allows: regardless of traditional energy sources at any time of the year to conduct year-round electrical charging of hybrid and electric cars, as well as cars with flywheel energy stores; share renewable energy from the sun, earth and wind; to efficiently extract electrical energy from the TFSM from the shadow side of the MEGEZS using solar projectors; to monitor the state of weather and the environment with the output of monitoring results to the information screen; provide hot water for the needs of MEGEZS.

Literature

1. Solar power plant. Patent RU No. 2141606 dated 06/20/1996

2. Solar power station. Patent RU No. 2395758 of July 27, 2010

3. Hybrid alternative power plant. Patent RU No. 106309 of 07/10/2011

4. Autonomous energy-efficient installation for drying bulk materials. Patent RU No. 2440543 of 01.20.2012

5. Energy storage unit for heating greenhouses. Patent SU No. 1687113 dated 10.30.1991

6. Solar power plants: [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.corporation22.com.

Claims (10)

1. A multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station containing a tower having the shape of a confuser-diffuser, a heat pump, a circular curved confuser-swirler, an internal wind turbine, an external rotor wind power installation, characterized in that the internal wind turbine has oncoming rotor blades, on the external rotor of which winding coils, and on the inner rotor - permanent magnets; permanent magnets are fixed at the ends of the oncoming rotor blades, and opposite them in a critical section on the inside of the tower, having the shape of a confuser-diffuser, coil windings are placed; the external rotor wind power installation has inclined blades and the external blades kinematically belong to it and the internal counter-rotation wind turbine; the outer surface of the tower, having the shape of a confuser-diffuser, and a circular curved confuser-swirl are covered with tandem photo-solar modules; a conical swirl of the air flow with copper tubes for the coolant wound on its outer surface is placed in the lower part of the tower, which has the form of a confuser-diffuser; an axial-blade swirl with curved blades is placed at a distance of at least 1 m from the critical section inside the tower, having the shape of a confuser-diffuser; solar projectors with optically active domes in the form of half a torus were used; each helioprojector contains a circular plano-convex lens, an average plano-convex lens and a biconcave lens, the biconcave lens located in the center of the spherical cavity of all helioprojectors; illumination of the shadow side of a multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station is carried out by solar projectors; solar trolley carts have electric drives on rotary platforms and cart wheels; the presence of one or more cable motors and cable connectors; the entrance windows in the circular curvilinear confuser of the swirler are equipped with a protective grid. 2. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal outer blades and the inclined blades of the external rotor wind power installation have an aerodynamic profile. 3. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that the external windshields are fixed through an overrunning clutch on the rotor shaft of an internal wind turbine, which has counter-rotating blades. 4. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 3, characterized in that the external horizontal blades are connected to the horizontal blades of the external rotor wind power installation by rods of a rectangular profile. 5. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 3, characterized in that the horizontal blades are located directly at the exit of the tower, which has the form of a confuser-diffuser. 6. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that the light sensors are located on the shadow side of the tower, which is in the form of a confuser-diffuser, and on the top of the solar projectors, temperature sensors are placed on the copper substrates of the tandem photovoltaic solar modules and in the battery tank . 7. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that under the tower in the form of a confuser-diffuser in the service room is a battery pack. 8. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that the optically active domes of the solar projectors are composed of conjugated plano-convex hexagonal lenses, with the flat part pointing inwardly of the optically active dome. 9. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 6, characterized in that the circular plano-convex lenses of the solar projectors are directed inward with the flat part and the middle plano-convex lens is directed with the flat part outward of the spherical cavity of the solar projectors. 10. The multifunctional autonomous hybrid electric charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that the data on weather conditions and the state of the environment are transmitted by the weather station and video surveillance cameras, which are located on the outer surface in the upper part of the tower, which is in the form of a confuser-diffuser.

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