RU2534000C1 - S-wave pulse source - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: S-wave pulse source comprises a weight (9) supported through wheels (7, 8) to a rigid oscillating slab (2) with inductance coil (10) of an inductive dynamic engine. The engine armature is made as a plate (5) of conducting material and is fixed at the lateral side of the front column (4) of the slab (2). The rear column (6) is inclined to the slab (2) and the weight (9) can be moved along it with lifting of its centre of gravity. The lower surface of the slab (2) is equipped with teeth (3) with their potential submersion to the ground (1).

EFFECT: improving performance data and seismic efficiency of the source.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of seismic exploration, and in particular to non-explosive seismic sources creating transverse seismic waves by pulsed mechanical action on the soil surface.

A pulse non-explosive seismic source (RF patent No. 2233000, B.I. No. 20, 2004) adopted for the analogue is known, containing a rigid radiating plate, a load supported on it, a one-way damper and a pulsed electromagnetic motor, the inductor magnetic circuit of which is connected to the excitation winding top side of the load. Two rigid racks are made on the plate, on which the magnetic core of the motor armature is supported, separated from the magnetic core of the inductor by an air gap. The load is equipped with a console, the end of which is connected via axes to a rack on the plate. The plate is wedge-shaped, and its upper surface is located at an angle to the lower surface, on which there are teeth-protrusions with the possibility of immersion in the ground. In the normal direction of the force developed by the engine, which is generated on the upper surface of the plate, its vertical component creates in the ground a mainly longitudinal seismic wave. And the deformation of the soil by the teeth of the plate along its surface, created by the horizontal component of the motor force, is accompanied by the creation of a transverse seismic wave.

This technical solution has a number of disadvantages that reduce its seismic efficiency, reliability and possible applications.

The low value of the ratio of the force generated by the electromagnetic motor to the mass of the magnetic core of its armature leads, as a result, to the fact that the mass of the armature makes up a significant part of the mass of the slab and, consequently, to a decrease in the mechanical effect of the slab on the ground.

Shock mechanical impacts between the magnetic circuits of the armature and the inductor at the time of selecting the gap reduce the durability of the seismic source and cause significant acoustic noise, energy loss.

The emitter plate creates a mechanical impulse of action on the soil at an angle α to its surface, while the horizontal component of the impulse N ₂ = NSinα is usually much less than the vertical one, which reduces the seismic efficiency of the seismic source.

It is known that the technical solution of the source of transverse seismic waves adopted for the prototype (RF patent No. 2457512, B.I. No. 21, 2012), comprising a rigid emitter plate with racks, supported on the plate with the possibility of moving along it the loading mass (load), unilateral dampers and a pulsed electromagnetic motor, the inductor magnetic circuit with an excitation winding of which is fixed on the side surface of the load. The magnetic core of the motor armature is pressed by springs to the rack of the plate and is separated from the magnetic core of the inductor by an air gap. When a current pulse is fed into the motor excitation winding, an attractive force is created between its magnetic circuits of the inductor and the armature. During the gap selection time when the inductor with the load and the armature meet in the opposite direction, the force developed by the engine is transmitted from the armature through the strut to the plate, which leads to horizontal plate displacement, soil deformation by the teeth on the plate and the creation of a transverse seismic wave in it. At the moment of choosing the gap, the magnetic circuits of the inductor and the armature strike together with the anchor breaking away from the rack on the plate, after which the movement of the load with the inductor and the armature is braked by springs and a damper and it returns to its original position under the action of powerful springs.

The technical solution for the prototype, as well as for the analogue, has inherent disadvantages caused by the large mass of the armature of the electromagnetic motor and the impact interaction between the magnetic circuits of the inductor and the armature, which reduce the mechanical effect of the plate on the soil, the durability (reliability) of the seismic source and its seismic efficiency. In addition, the need to use powerful springs to slow down the shock of the load with the inductor and the armature and return them to their original position complicates the design of the seismic source and its operation.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the seismic efficiency of the seismic source, the reliability of its operation and the expansion of the applicability.

The technical result is to increase the coefficient of transmission of mechanical energy of a pulsed seismic source engine to the energy of mechanical action of the seismic source plate on the ground, the ratio of the force generated by the engine to the weight of the seismic source, increase its reliability, reduce the generated interference waves and expand the possibility of its application.

The solution to this problem is provided due to the fact that the seismic source of transverse seismic waves contains a rigid emitter plate with teeth on its lower surface and with first and second racks on its front and rear parts of the upper surface, located above the plate, the load placed between the load and the plate one-sided damper mounted on the side of the load facing the first rack inductor with a field winding of a pulse motor. The side of the second rack facing the first rack is inclined to the plate, the load is equipped with wheels to move the rear of the load along the inclined side of the rear rack, and the front part is along the surface of the plate, and the motor armature is made in the form of a plate made of high-material material adjacent to the excitation winding electrical conductivity and is mounted on the first rack.

Obtaining technical results is achieved due to several interrelated factors. The use of an induction-dynamic engine, having a higher ratio of the force created by it to the mass of the armature than in the prototype, provides an increase in the coefficient of transfer of mechanical energy of the engine to the impact energy of the seismic source plate on the soil surface and an increase in the ratio of the force created by the engine to the weight of the seismic source. Since the force generated by the induction-dynamic motor pushes its anchor and inductor, when the engine is operated as a seismic source, unlike the electromagnetic type used in the prototype engine with the force attracting the armature and inductor, no hard mechanical shocks are created between the armature and the inductor, which increases reliability operation of the seismic source and reduces degrading operation of the seismic source acoustic noise. The use of the rack with the side inclined to the plate to move along it on the wheels of the rear part of the load provides the necessary reduction in the speed of the load accelerated by the engine power and converts its kinetic energy into potential energy of gravity. Moreover, in comparison with the prototype, the necessary speed reduction is achieved without the use of powerful springs, which simplifies the design solution of the seismic source and increases the reliability of its operation. In addition, when moving the load onto the plate, significant, creating interfering waves, mechanical effects that reduce the seismic efficiency of the seismic source are not created in the horizontal direction.

Figure 1 shows a side view of the seismic source; figure 2 is a top view; figure 3 shows the nature of changes in the force acting on the plate, the rate of soil deformation by the teeth of the plate and the movement of the load upward in a vertical plane; figure 4, 5, 6 and 7 shows some options for the implementation and placement on the inductor of the excitation winding of a pulsed motor.

The seismic source is installed on the surface of the soil 1 and contains a rigid plate 2 with teeth 3 partially immersed in the soil, made on its lower surface. A rack 4 is made on the front of the plate, on which a plate 5 of high conductivity material is fixed, which serves as the armature of a pulse motor. On the back of the plate, a stand 6 is made, the side of which is turned to the stand 4, is inclined, for example, with a certain radius of curvature so that it smoothly passes into the plane of the plate 2. A loading mass (load) 9 is supported on the plate 2 through wheels 7 and 8, on the front the end part of which is attached adjacent to the plate 5 inductor 10 with the excitation winding 11 of the pulse motor. On the back of the seismic source, between the load 9 and plate 2, a one-way damper 12 is installed. A tension spring 13 is installed between the load 9 and the stand 4. The seismic source is equipped with an autonomous power supply system (not shown in FIG. 1 and 2) of the motor excitation winding 11 with the pulse current required the magnitude and duration, which can be placed, for example, in the cavity 14 of the cargo 9 (shown in dashed in Fig. 1).

The seismic source works as follows. In the initial position, it is located on the soil 1 so that the teeth 3 of the plate 2 are partially immersed in the soil 1. At the required time t ₀ (Fig. 3), according to the signal from the seismic station, to the excitation winding 11 of the seismic source motor (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ) a current pulse 17 is supplied from the power system, which creates a pulsed magnetic flux 16 around the winding 11 (Fig. 1) passing through the area of contact of the armature plate 5 of the motor to the winding 11. In this case, due to the shielding effect of the armature plate, an electric current is induced in it and between field winding 11 and anchor m 5 creates the repulsive their ponderomotive force 15 (3)

P (t) = (i _{^2/2) · (dL (x) /} dx), ( 1)

where dL (x) is the equivalent inductance of the field winding;

i is the current in the winding, and x is the direction of the force.

The force acting on the anchor of the engine P (t) through the strut 4 is transmitted to the plate 2, which leads to its movement in the horizontal plane to the right and causes the corresponding deformation of the soil immersed in the teeth 3 and the formation of a transverse seismic wave in the soil. The intensity of the seismic wave is proportional to the square of the deformation rate of the soil, which should not significantly exceed the values at which the soil shows its elastic properties and there is no significant energy loss to the inelastic component of the deformation. Since the soil has elastic properties, after compression of the soil, the slab returns to a position close to the original one. The characteristic rate of soil deformation 18 by the teeth of the plate is shown in Fig.3. The rapid attenuation of the velocity 18 is due to the loss of energy of movement of the plate due to inelastic deformation of the soil and radiation of the seismic wave.

Under the action of a mechanical impulse N forces P (t)

a load 9 of mass m with inductor 5 is accelerated in time t ₁ to a speed close to maximum

V _m = N / m. (3)

His kinetic energy

Further movement of the load on wheels 8 on an inclined surface with a radius of curvature r (Fig. 1) is accompanied by its shift to the left and up, a decrease in speed, and the conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy of gravity. As a result, the center of gravity of the load moves in a vertical plane from position y ₁ to y ₂ to a height H _m , which depends on the kinetic energy A _{k of the} load.

Hm = A _k / (m g), (5)

where g is the acceleration in the gravitational field.

The movement of the load along the inclined surface of the stand 6 with a radius of curvature r is accompanied by the creation of a force on the stand 6, the vertical component of which adds to the force of the weight of the plate and the load pressing the back of the plate to the ground, which improves the mechanical connection of the teeth 3 of the plate with the ground and the conditions for the formation of a seismic wave .

From time t _{2, the} movement of the center of gravity 19 of the load to a height of N _m (Fig. 3), the load moves along the inclined surface of the rack 6 down to its original position on the plate. Moreover, its speed is limited by a one-way damper 12 in order to reduce the mechanical impact of the inductor 10 with the motor armature plate 5 fixed to the rack 4.

With the horizontal position of the seismic source plate on the ground, as well as in the case when the rear part of the plate relative to the front is higher, that is, the surface of the plate forms a certain angle to the horizontal, the return of the load to its original position and its clamping to the post 4 with anchor 5 is ensured by the weight of the load . In the case when the plate does not lie on the ground horizontally, and its front part is located at an angle to the horizontal, the load clamp to the rack 4 is provided by a spring 13.

The application to the rack 4 of the force P (t) of the engine creates a moment on the stove

M = P (t) a, (6)

where a is the distance from the middle of the field winding to the plate (figure 4),

which leads to an additional load of soil under the front of the plate and unloading it under its rear.

To reduce the moment M and the forces created on the soil in the vertical direction by the front and rear parts of the plate, the field winding can be made in the form of not one, but several simultaneously working sections (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) of smaller diameter, placed in the grooves of the inductor 10. Figure 4, a shows the placement on the inductor of one section. Figure 4, b shows a cross section of the inductor 10 with one section 11 (side view). Under the inductor, the placement of the plate 2 at a distance a from the middle of the winding 11 is shown. Figures 5 and 6 show the placement of two and three sections of the winding of smaller diameter, respectively, which reduces the distance a of the plate from the middle of the winding sections and the moment created by (6) . Figure 7 shows the possibility of using one non-circular winding, the horizontal size of which significantly exceeds the vertical.

Reducing the distance a from the middle of the field winding to the plate leads to a decrease in the height h (Fig. 4) of the seismic source, an increase in its width b and the area of the emitter plate, which improves the layout and allows (with a larger plate area) to increase the power of the seismic source due to the use of an engine with more created power.

When placing the seismic source on a vehicle equipped with a descent and lifting device to ensure the descent of the seismic source to the ground, the seismic source plate can be loaded with the weight of the vehicle, which improves the connection of the teeth 3 of the plate with the soil 1. The teeth 3 are expediently made triangular in shape with the possibility of gradual immersion in the soil as the seismic source works.

If it is necessary to create seismic effects on the soil in the opposite direction, it is necessary to install two seismic sources, one of which should create seismic effects in one direction, and the second in the opposite.

The higher technical and economic and seismic indicators of the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype are due to the fact that the use of an induction-dynamic motor, which makes it possible to obtain a small weight of the armature with the necessary force and repulsive armature and inductor, made it possible to create a constructive solution of a seismic source with a horizontally oriented force necessary duration, and the implementation of the slanted rack on the plate solved the problem of converting the kinetic energy of motion rigruza into potential energy due to gravity without creating a significant impact on the plate after the establishment of the working seismic source power pulse to ground.

For example, a pulsed seismic source of transverse seismic waves according to the proposed technical solution with an engine armature mass of 50 kg, a slab weight of 200 kg and a load mass of 500 kg creates a force on the slab of up to 25 · 10 ⁴ N with a weight of the seismic source of 750 kg.

Claims (1)

     A pulsed source of transverse seismic waves, comprising a rigid emitter plate with teeth on its lower surface and with first and second struts on its front and rear parts of the upper surface, located above the plate, a load, installed between the load and the plate, a damper and mounted on facing the first rack front of the load induction pulse motor with field winding, characterized in that the side of the second rack facing the first rack is inclined, the load is made from wheels E, the wheels on the rear prigruza are able to roll on the inclined side of the second arm, and the motor armature is in the form of the excitation winding adjacent to the plates of high conductivity material and fixed to the first support.

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