RU2533385C2 - Electric power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Electric power generator comprises a combustion engine, an electrical machine, electric capacitors and an accumulator, electric units for energy conversion and an electronic control unit. Crankless opposed combustion engine design is used with reciprocating piston movement. The combustion engine cylinders are placed in a row and coupled to the case through springs. The pistons are connected rigidly to rods. At rods there are movable parts of the electrical machines, limiting discs, pins, position sensors and piston motion rate sensors. Fixed parts of the electrical machines are mounted at the case.

EFFECT: reduced emission of harmful substances to the atmosphere is reached.

6 dwg

Description

The electric generator consists of four electric machines and four internal combustion engines (ICE). The electric machine is built into the internal combustion engine and forms a single unit with the internal combustion engine. The blocks are arranged in a row on the ICE crankcase, pistons connected by rods and performing a rectilinear reciprocating motion. On the rods between the pistons are the moving parts of the electric machines. The fixed parts of the electric machines are located between the ICE cylinders and connected to the crankcase. The combination of internal combustion engines and electric machines simplifies the design. In the course of the internal combustion engine, the electric machine operates as a generator, and with auxiliary strokes of the internal combustion engine as an engine. This ensures simplicity of design.

With the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons and rods, the pressure of the pistons on the cylinder walls is much less than in the crank mechanism. This reduces friction losses in the internal combustion engine and increases the motor resource. All internal combustion engines are mechanically connected. Pistons of two extreme and two medium internal combustion engines and, accordingly, electric machines move in different directions, which allows to reduce vibration.

Figure 1-4 shows the device of the generator. Carter 1, cylinders 2, pistons 3, rods 4, rigidly connecting the pistons, fingers located on the rods. The fingers 9 move in the grooves between the upper 5 and lower part 6 of the electric machine and prevent the rod and piston from turning around its axis. Bushing 10, rigidly connecting the fingers of the rods of the middle cylinders. Gear racks 11 located on the fingers of the extreme and middle rods. The fingers of the extreme rods are free from the outside. Gears 12, thrust rollers 13. Gear racks connect the rods through gears 12 and provide oncoming or opposite movement of the pistons of the outer and middle cylinders. Spark plugs 14. Plates 15 are located on the rods and serve to support the rods. The plates are based on parts 5 and 6 of the electric machine, which are located in the normal temperature zone, where lubricating oils have maximum properties and minimum friction losses in comparison with friction between the piston and cylinder in the crank mechanism, where the pressure between the piston and cylinder is significantly higher. Internal combustion engines also include emergency actuators of exhaust valves 17, springs 18 for attaching cylinders to the crankcase and studs 19.

The electrical part consists of four separate pulsed linear motor generators and consists of fixed parts - the top 5 and bottom 6 connected to the crankcase. On the fixed parts are located electrical coils 7. The moving parts of the electric machines are located on the rods and contain electric coils 8 and position and speed sensors of the moving parts of electric. machines 20. Solenoid valves 16 also belong to the electrical part.

The electrical part - the electric generator and electric motor are an integral part of the internal combustion engine, because without the electrical part of the engine can not work.

The ICE designs in which the cylinders are located opposite are already known. Pistons in the cylinders are connected by rods and move as a whole. There are no connecting rods in such engines - rodless (L.1. Balandin S.S. Rodless internal combustion engines. Mechanical Engineering, 1972, p. 4.). In these engines, the pressure force of the piston against the cylinder is significantly reduced in comparison with the crank mechanisms. Such engines have fuel efficiency, increased engine life, reliability, etc. But the design has led to the fact that these are inconvenient to operate on mobile units such as cars and are replaced by in-line or V-shaped internal combustion engines.

ICE. See L.2. RF patent 2296871. This patent is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

1. There are no spark plugs or nozzles, without which the internal combustion engine is impossible.

2. There are no devices for adjusting the valves.

3. The complexity of the design - a large number of cylinders - 16.

4. Imbalance of design.

If we connect, mentally, the lines connecting the centers of the pistons moving up and the centers of the pistons moving down, then their axes will not coincide with the axis of the entire device and are at different distances from this axis. This is a source of vibration.

5. The complexity of repair and maintenance.

Work of the proposed design

On the rods installed limit plates 15 (Fig1), which simultaneously serve as a support for the moving parts of electric machines. Under normal conditions, the plates do not reach 0.8-1.0 mm to the lower end of the cylinder. This is the distance at which the electromagnetic brake should operate if the moving part of the electric machine goes beyond normal tolerances. The signal for activating the electromagnetic brake is provided by the position and speed sensors 20, and the emergency brake signal is issued by the block 24. If the brake does not work efficiently, the plate 15 will hit the end face of the cylinder 2 and the shock will be softened by the springs 18. See Figure 4.

In the internal combustion engine, there may be violations in the ignition and power systems, a typical violation in the ignition system is a 'lost spark'. In this case, the piston communication system will help out. Each piston has its own doubler. See FIG. 5. Mutually duplicate the work of cylinders 1 and 4, 2 and 3, 6 and 7, 5 and 8, and the engine will continue to work.

Violations in the power system - poor-quality fuel - detonation in the cylinders. In normal combustion, the cylinders are stationary with respect to the crankcase. In the case of low-quality fuel, detonation of the fuel mixture and a sharp increase in gas pressure in the cylinder can occur, which is harmful to the internal combustion engine. Pressure above normal will cause the cylinder to shift and the rod 17 will open the exhaust valve. See FIG. 4. During normal combustion, the force of pressing the springs 18 keeps the cylinder stationary.

Cylinder flanges are attached to the crankcase on the studs 19, and springs 18 are placed between the flange and the nuts, the pressing force of which allows the cylinder to move only in emergency mode.

The device of an electric generator of four identical blocks allows you to minimize vibration. To do this, it is sufficient to provide multidirectional movement of the rods of two extreme and two medium internal combustion engines. In this case, the inertia forces of the moving parts of the internal combustion engine will mutually compensate for these forces. By additional adjustment, the sum of these forces can be reduced to zero and the remaining vibration can be eliminated. The multidirectional movement of the moving parts of the internal combustion engine and electric machines is provided by gear racks 11, gear wheels 12.

The bushings 10 provide synchronous movement of the pistons of the middle cylinders.

The mechanical connection of all rods reduces the unevenness of one cylinder. The impact force of the restrictive plate at the cylinder end is mitigated by the springs 18, which allow the cylinder to move in emergency mode within 2- ;; -3 mm.

Device operation

The position and speed sensors 20 (FIG. 1) of the rods with pistons and those located on the fixed part, give signals to the common control unit 21 (FIG. 6), which controls the operation of all electrical devices, electronics and the electronic devices present in them. From block 22, control signals of the operation of the internal combustion engine valves and electric motors are received. The operation is provided by the battery 23, and the order and duration of operation is block 21. Block 21 controls the voltage supply to the electric machine in engine mode.

An electric machine in the generator mode produces a voltage in the form of pulses of different polarity. These pulses are supplied through rectifiers 24 to a block of capacitors 25, which is capable of being charged instantly and storing electricity, and then, during auxiliary ICE cycles, transmit energy through the converter 26 to the battery 23 in the form that the battery can receive. Most of the traction motors of 28 hybrid vehicles are synchronous (See L.7. Tsiplenkov Ya. Et al. Homestead farming. Autoreview 3/2010, p. 45) or asynchronous (See L.8. Arutin V., 95 percent, Autoreview 10 / 2009, p. 71). In all cases, these motors require an alternating voltage of increased frequency. For this, a converter 27 is used.

When the traction motor is in regenerative braking mode, the traction motor operates in generator mode. This energy is supplied to the block of capacitors 25 through the rectifier 31. Here the main tasks of controlling hybrid vehicle devices are listed and they are comparable with the tasks that the multi-point fuel injection control system solves. At low and medium loads, the electric generator provides the traction motor and battery charge. At maximum loads, the parallel operation of the internal combustion engine and the battery is used. In this case, the total power can significantly exceed the power of the internal combustion engine. At low loads and where the internal combustion engine is prohibited, the hybrid car works only on battery power. The common control unit 21 receives from the traction battery data on the degree of charge and turns on the internal combustion engine.

In addition to the traction battery, it is necessary to have a 12 volt battery for lighting, alarm, control, etc. From this battery through the converter 30, you can charge the block of capacitors 25 and start the engine. This is the case when the traction battery is completely discharged. It is also possible to launch from a tug or light from another traction battery.

The technical result is a simplification of the design, the internal combustion engine type is used, characterized by reduced friction losses and increased engine life. This provides an economic effect.

The ability of a hybrid car to operate only on battery power ensures a minimum emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere - this is an environmental effect.

List of drawings

Figure 1 - diagram of an electric generator with an eight-cylinder internal combustion engine (ICE).

Figure 2 - electric machine, a section along aa.

Figure 3 - restrictive plate and finger.

Figure 4 - emergency release valve actuator.

5 is an alternation of clock cycles in an eight-cylinder internal combustion engine.

6 is a block diagram of a hybrid car with a combined power plant

Designations in the drawings

1 Carter

2 cylinder

3 piston

4 Stock

5 Top of the electric machine

6 Lower part of the electric machine

7 Fixed coils el. cars

8 Mobile coils el. cars

9 finger

10 Sleeve

11 toothed rack

12 gear

13 Thrust roller

14 spark plug

15 plate

16 solenoid valve

17 draft of the mechanical drive of the final valve

18 spring

19 Cylinder Stud

20 Position and speed sensors of the moving part el. cars

21 General control unit

22 Power supply for valves and engine ICE

23 Traction battery

24 Electric machine

25 Capacitor Block

26 DC / DC Converter

27 DC / AC converter of high frequency

29 12 volt battery

30 DC / DC Converter

31 Rectifier for regenerative braking.

Claims (1)

An electric generator containing an internal combustion engine (ICE), an electric machine, electric capacitors and a battery, electrical units for converting different types of electric power and an electronic control unit, characterized in that the ICE is equipped with a rodless opposed piston with reciprocating pistons, the ICE cylinders are placed in a row and attached to the crankcase through springs, the number of cylinders is a multiple of two, the pistons are rigidly connected by rods; on the rods are the moving parts of the electric machines, restrictive plates, fingers, position and speed sensors of the rods, and the fixed parts of the electric machines are placed on the crankcase; inside the stationary parts of electric machines are moving parts, guides for plates and counterparts of position and velocity sensors of rods; There are two types of electric machines: reversible machines, motor-generators and generators; the fingers of the rods of the outer cylinders are connected to the gear racks, which are connected through gears to the gear racks mounted on the fingers of the rods of the neighboring middle cylinders; the fingers of the rods of the middle cylinders are rigidly interconnected; the pistons of the outer cylinders have a direction of movement opposite to the direction of motion of the pistons of the middle cylinders; all cylinder valves have an electromagnetic drive and are powered by a battery; exhaust valves are also mechanically driven by cylinders; electric motors placed on rods receive power from the battery; the outputs of each pulse generator are connected in series through the blocks of rectifiers with capacitors and a battery; the battery output is connected to a DC / DC converter to the desired type of voltage.

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