RU2532069C2 - Method to produce electric energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: method to produce electric energy includes installation of two non-polarised electrodes in a zone of continuous water flow in a sea or river at a distance from each other and from the bottom. Current-collecting lines are connected to the electrodes to transfer a difference of values of natural electric field potentials between the electrodes to a coastal station of electric energy collection. At the station they sum up the difference of potentials from all such pairs of electrodes, convert into AC and send to consumers.

EFFECT: provision of the possibility to produce electric energy by simple means.

Description

The invention relates to hydropower, and specifically to methods of using water resources to generate electrical energy, and can be used to produce electrical energy suitable for supplying small villages, weather stations, observatories and other remote objects.

A known method (see RU 2431758 C1, 10.20.2011) for generating electricity and a device for its implementation, which consists in using the water resources of lowland rivers to generate electrical energy by moving magnets relative to the windings of a conductive drive under the action of a stream of water supplied to a water conduit.

However, the method requires the use of a special conduit, special technical equipment and maintenance, which complicates its use.

There is also a method of producing electric energy, characterized by the movement of charged particles moving not under the influence of external electric forces through the magnetic circuit, but the electrical energy is removed by a winding wound on the magnetic circuit (see RU 2009105427 A, 08.27.2010).

However, for the application of the method requires special devices, which, as in the first case, complicate the application of the method.

The objective of the present invention is the ability to obtain electrical energy by simple means.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of producing electric energy, comprising installing in the zone of constant flow of water in the sea or river two non-polarizing electrodes at a distance of 50-300 m from each other and 2-10 m from the bottom, to which collector lines are connected for transmission the potential difference of the natural electric field between the electrodes to the shore station for collecting electric energy, which summarizes the potential difference from all such pairs of electrodes, is converted to alternating current and transmits I customers.

According to the law of electromagnetic induction, an electric field exists in a moving stream of water, which owes its origin to the earth's magnetic field. This “induction potential” obeys the Poisson equation: Δ ² F = H × V, where F is the electric potential; H is the magnetic field vector; V is the flow rate.

We are interested in the horizontal component of the electrodynamic field. This component also depends on the thickness of the moving water layer h (from 2 to 10 m). In the final form, the formula will look like:

$$\frac{\partial F}{\partial X}h\ast Vm\ast Hz$$

where: F is the electric field strength;

h is the thickness of the moving layer of water;

Vm is the flow rate;

Hz is the vertical component of the magnetic field vector.

The magnitude of the electrodynamic electric field will decrease in the presence of low-resistance bottom sediments, while high-resistance bedrock located near the bottom can, on the contrary, increase its value.

The system for generating electrical energy should be installed in a moving stream of water in the layer with the highest flow rate.

Then, in a simplified form, the tension formula (Ed) will look like this:

Ed = Hz × L × Vm, where: Hz is the intensity of the vertical component of the magnetic field, L is the linear section for which Ed is calculated, Vm is the average current velocity.

To obtain maximum electric energy, current collection lines (pairs of non-polarizing electrodes) should be located in the “straight sections” of the water flow in the river channel or in the area of constant sea current.

If there are several identical current collection lines, the electrodynamic field strength will increase in proportion to their number.

To obtain industrial values, it is necessary to type a collector "bus" from several thousand lines. The lines must be a core cable of conductive material enclosed in insulation. Ordinary household wires have a conductive core made of copper, aluminum, iron, or blended yarns. In this case, the energy loss in such wires will be significant. The core should be made of modern materials with low electrical resistance.

A similar method of generating electric energy is simple, very cheap and absolutely safe for the natural environment.

Thus, a method for producing electrical energy based on the occurrence of an electric current between electrodes attached to the ends of a conductive cable located in a zone of constant water flow in a sea or a river under the influence of an earth magnetic field is proposed; characterized by complete environmental safety, the possibility of increasing the resulting power, the possibility of use in any area with a reservoir with a constant flow of water.

Experimental observations of the method were carried out in the zone of constant currents in the coastal zone of the Throat of the White Sea, in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland and on the River Sister of the Leningrad Region. Direct sections of water areas were selected on which measuring lines were suspended at a distance of 5-10 meters from the bottom. The lines consisting of a conductive cable 50, 150 and 300 m long were connected at the ends to non-polarizing electrodes consisting of ceramic glasses in which chlorinated lead rods were placed in a concentrated solution of calcium chloride, the high viscosity of which was ensured by adding agar to it agar or gelatin. The resulting difference in the values of the natural electric field between the electrodes was 0.6 for the above lines; 1.1 and 3.15 mV for marine conditions and 0.32; 0.94 and 2.25 mV - for river. Doubling of the same length lines was carried out only for the section of the Throat of the White Sea. The length of the lines was 150 m. Repeated measurements of the potential of the EP showed an average value of 1.93 mV. Obviously, a slight decrease in the value relative to the value 1.1 * 2 = 2.2 mV is associated with a loss in the cables.

Claims (1)

A method of producing electric energy, comprising installing in the zone of constant flow of water in the sea or river two non-polarizable electrodes at a distance of 50-300 m from each other and 2-10 m from the bottom, to which current collection lines are connected to transmit the potential difference of the natural electric field between electrodes to the coastal electric energy collection station, which sums up the potential difference from all such pairs of electrodes, is converted into alternating current and transmitted to consumers.