RU2531608C1 - Grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grinders and can be used for grinding of carbon-bearing material, for example, TEG, soot, etc. Grinder comprises loading bin housing 1 connected with cylindrical grinding chamber housing 2. Loading bin 1 is composed of closed chamber accommodating vertical rotor 3 with grinding elements 4. Said elements 4 are composed of helical hinges with smooth surface and arranged to allow different-direction spinning relative to each other. Loader 5 composed of pipeline is brought to loading bin 1, said pipeline being equipped with piston 6. Grinding chamber 2 is arranged coaxially under loading bin 1. Rotor 7 is fitted on vertical shaft in grinding chamber 2. Grinding elements 8 are composed of multi row system of horizontal blades.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of grinding of low bulk density of materials.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for grinding materials, in particular to grinders for bulk materials with low bulk density, and can be used for grinding carbon-containing materials, for example graphite, mainly thermally expanded (TEG), soot, etc. both in the laboratory and in industry.

A device is known (AS No. 426955, IPC B02C 13/00, dated 09/19/72), containing a chamber and a shaft located in it with plates mounted on it in several rows equipped with hammers. The hammers of each subsequent row are displaced relative to each previous row by a distance providing particle grinding in all parts of the working space of the grinder chamber.

The disadvantages of the known device include the fact that the known device is designed to grind material by crushing under the action of hammers placed in the end of the plates mounted on the rotor, which reduces the productivity when grinding particles of material from graphite in the form of flakes, plates, fluff in the form of worms, t .e. thermally expanded graphite, having a small weight, but occupying a large volume. In addition, plates having a smooth surface and placed in rows on the rotor rotate simultaneously in one direction. This leads to the formation of a stagnant zone of mass of particles, which conglomerates under the action of the centripetal force realized in this zone, and to a decrease in the quality of grinding material with a low bulk density.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of features is a chopper (a.s. No. 1639740, IPC B02C 13/02, 04/18/89) containing a cylindrical grinding chamber in which a chopping rotor is mounted on a horizontal shaft. The grinding chamber communicates with the unloading cyclone by means of a receiving chamber mounted above it. The angle of the sector formed by the planes passing through the center of the grinding chamber and the interface line between the latter and the receiving chamber is 50 ° -70 °, which is necessary for high-quality screening of materials by air flow. This device is taken as a prototype.

Signs of the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed invention is the housing of the loading hopper connected to the housing of the cylindrical grinding chamber; in the grinding chamber on the shaft there is a rotor with grinding elements; branch pipe

The disadvantages of the known grinder, adopted for the prototype, is that the known device is inefficient for a large volume of grinding material and material with a low bulk density, since it has a large volume with low weight. This is especially true of graphite in the form of plates, flakes and in the form of “fluff” in the form of worms, i.e. thermally expanded graphite with a complex interconnection of particles among themselves. In the fault chamber, in the presence of grinding elements in the form of blades with a smooth surface, the fluff is partially crushed due to weak bonds in the "worm", but its bulk will be suspended in the receiving chamber and distilled in a closed system by the cyclone without control over the degree of grinding, without the ability to set the grinding density of the material and the degree of grinding (fractions).

Grinding “fluff”, for example, thermally expanded graphite in the form of “worms” with low density, having self-sealing properties (caking), frictional properties due to its complex shape, as well as developed porosity in the “worm”, is problematic.

The objective of the invention is to increase the grinding performance of materials having a low bulk density (low weight and large volume), such as flakes, plates, fluff in the form of graphite worms, the ability to obtain a given bulk density in one grinder.

The problem was solved due to the fact that in the known grinder containing the housing of the loading hopper connected to the housing of the cylindrical grinding chamber, in which the rotor with grinding elements is placed on the shaft, the outlet pipe, according to the invention, the loading hopper is made in the form of a closed chamber having a cylindrical shape of a variable section with a conical transition from a larger section to a smaller one, in which at least two rotors with grinding elements made in the form of a spiral are vertically placed loops with a smooth surface and mounted with the possibility of multidirectional rotation relative to each other, while the boot hopper is connected to the bootloader, made in the form of a pipeline in which a piston is installed, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement, the grinding chamber is coaxially placed under the loading hopper, housing the grinding chamber is sealed at the edges connected to the housing of the loading hopper by an elastic pipe with the possibility of rotational movement of one part of the pipe about relatively different both clockwise and counterclockwise, or a nozzle having a plug in the grinding chamber, the rotor is placed on a vertical shaft, and the grinding elements of the rotor are made in the form of a multi-row system of horizontally mounted knives, on the surfaces of which a relief is made on both sides in the form densely placed pyramids with peaks having an angle of 45 ° -60 °, a branch pipe is installed in the lower part of the grinding chamber.

The number of grinding elements on each rotor of the loading hopper can be from one or more, depending on the volume of the hopper and the set capacity of the device.

It is advisable to evenly distribute the rotors located in the feed hopper along its periphery or to distribute it evenly around its periphery relative to the central one.

Signs of the proposed technical solution, distinctive from the prototype - the loading hopper is made in the form of a closed chamber having a cylindrical shape of variable cross section with a conical transition from a larger to a smaller one, in which at least two rotors with grinding elements are vertically placed; grinding elements are made in the form of spiral-shaped loops with a smooth surface and installed with the possibility of multidirectional rotation relative to each other; a loader is made to the loading bunker, made in the form of a pipeline in which a piston is installed, installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement; the grinding chamber is coaxially placed under the hopper; the housing of the grinding chamber is hermetically connected at the edges to the housing by a loading hopper with an elastic nozzle with the possibility of rotational movement of one part of the nozzle relative to the other, either clockwise or counterclockwise, or with a nozzle having a plug; in the grinding chamber, the rotor is placed on a vertical shaft; rotor grinding elements are made in the form of a multi-row system of horizontally fixed knives, on the surfaces of which on both sides a relief is made in the form of densely placed pyramids with vertices having an angle of 45 ° -60 °; a branch pipe is installed in the lower part of the grinding chamber; the number of grinding elements on each rotor of the loading bunker can be from one or more depending on the volume of the bunker and the set capacity of the device; rotors located in the feed hopper are evenly distributed around its periphery or evenly distributed around its periphery relative to the central one.

The implementation of the loading hopper in the form of a closed chamber and used as an additional grinding chamber, due to the rotors with grinding elements placed in it, will allow for rough preliminary or final grinding of the TWG material in the form of fluff fragments depending on the specified bulk density of the crushed material.

Due to the implementation of the loading hopper in the form of a closed chamber having a cylindrical shape of variable cross section with a conical transition from a larger to a smaller cross section, and the presence of grinding elements in the form of spiral-shaped loops with a smooth surface and their installation with the possibility of multidirectional rotation relative to each other during grinding, the mass of fluff is constantly in suspension, there are no stagnant zones, there is no compaction of its mass. This helps to increase the productivity of the grinding process. In this case, the process of breaking the worm and dividing it into fragments takes place, which makes it possible to obtain crushed material of a given bulk density and, accordingly, of a product with desired physical and mechanical properties.

The presence of a loader and its execution in the form of a pipeline in which a piston is mounted, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement, will allow the material to be crushed in the form of particles suspended in air to enter the loading hopper, providing better, more efficient grinding of each graphite worm.

Two-stage grinding of down is provided by the presence of an additional and main grinding chambers, respectively coarse and fine grinding, connected by an elastic pipe or pipe with a shutter. In this case, the elastic pipe during rotation of one of its parts relative to the other has the ability to close in one direction the opening-transition from one chamber to another (clockwise) or open.

In the case of an additional grinding chamber (loading hopper), the elastic pipe closes the hole. In the case of grinding, it opens a hole and the crushed material enters the main grinding chamber, placed coaxially under the hopper. This simplifies the grinding technology, increases the productivity of the process. The material does not pollute the environment, because not dusting. The grinding process is carried out in a closed system for placing parts in the device.

Placing in the rotor grinding chamber on a vertical shaft and performing rotor grinding elements in the form of a multi-row system of knives in the horizontal plane, on the surfaces of which there is a relief in the form of densely placed pyramids with vertices at an angle of 45-60 °, this will increase the productivity of the grinding process and allow grinding fluff to a predetermined size depending on the rotor speed with grinding elements and the duration of the grinding process. The angle at the top of the pyramids provides grinding of the material into smaller fractions, without their braking and flattening of the particles, as a result of which the properties of the material can change.

An angle of more than 60 ° is not very effective for grinding, and an angle of less than 45 ° inhibits the movement of the crushed particles shielded by the pyramid.

The proposed shredder is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-7.

In Fig.1 shows a device in section.

Figure 2 (a, b, c) - options for the placement of grinding elements on the rotor installed in the feed hopper.

Figure 3 (a, b) shows the placement of rotors with grinding elements in the feed hopper.

Figure 4 shows the 1st stage of grinding in the feed hopper of the device, in section.

Figure 5 shows the elastic pipe between the feed hopper and the grinding chamber in a closed form, top view.

Figure 6 shows the 2nd stage of grinding in the grinding chamber, in the device, in section.

Figure 7 shows the placement of the grinding elements on the rotor installed in the grinding chamber.

The chopper (Fig. 1) comprises a housing of the loading hopper 1, a cylindrical grinding chamber 2, placed coaxially under the hopper 1. The loading hopper 1 is made in the form of a closed chamber having a cylindrical shape of variable cross section with a conical transition from a larger to a smaller one, in which vertically placed two or more depending on the volume of the hopper of the rotor 3 with grinding elements 4. The grinding elements 4 are made in the form of spiral-shaped loops with a smooth surface and installed with the possibility of multidirectional rotation about in relative to each other. The number of grinding elements 4 on each rotor 3 of the loading hopper 1 depends on the volume of the hopper and the desired performance of the device (Fig.2, a, b, c). The rotors 3 located in the feed hopper 1 are evenly distributed along its periphery or evenly distributed around its periphery relative to the central one (Fig. 3, a, b).

To the loading hopper 1 summed up the loader 5, made in the form of a pipeline in which the piston 6 is placed, installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement.

In the grinding chamber 2, a rotor 7 with grinding elements 8 is placed on a vertical shaft. The grinding elements 8 are made in the form of a multi-row system of horizontally fixed knives. On the lower and upper surfaces of the knives, a relief is made in the form of densely placed pyramids 9 with vertices having an angle of 45 ° -60 ° (Fig. 7).

The housing of the grinding chamber 2 is tightly connected along the edges with the housing of the hopper 1 by an elastic nozzle 10 with the possibility of rotational movement of one part of the nozzle 10 relative to the other, either clockwise or counterclockwise, or a nozzle having a plug (not shown in the drawing). In the lower part of the grinding chamber 2, a branch pipe 11 is installed.

The device operates as follows.

In the loading hopper 1 (it is also an additional chamber for coarse grinding of fluff) (Fig. 4), “fluff” is introduced through line 5, i.e. light elements 12 of thermally expanded fluff, with a piston 6 moving in the direction of the hopper body 1. Elements of fluff 12 are divided into fragments by grinding elements 4 made in the form of loops rotating by rotors 2 in different directions relative to each other. The ground “weighed” mass is dispersed due to the increased defectiveness of the elements 12, the weak connection between them in the “worm” until the worm breaks and divides into fragments. Previously, the upper part of the elastic pipe 10 is rotated clockwise, and the lower part remains stationary. When this hole is closed (figure 5) and the crushed fluff from the feed hopper 1 (additional grinding chamber) does not penetrate into the main grinding chamber 2 until the process is completed. After completion of the grinding process (1st stage) in the feed hopper 1, the elastic pipe 10 is rotated counterclockwise, an opening is opened, and the crushed material enters the grinding chamber 2.

In the grinding chamber 2 (FIG. 6), the dispersed elements 12 can continue to grind to a predetermined bulk density. Further, from the grinding chamber 2, the crushed fluff enters through the branch pipe 11 for production in order to obtain products. For example, from crushed thermally expanded graphite or compositions in which graphite is used as a filler with a binder selected on the basis of predetermined material properties, sealants are prepared.

The advantage of the inventive grinder in comparison with the prototype is that it:

1. Highly efficient due to the presence and implementation of grinding elements in the form of smooth spiral-shaped loops in the loading hopper and embossed knives in the grinding chamber.

2. Allows the refractory material of the TWG in the form of fluff to be crushed to a predetermined degree of grinding in one device, due to two-stage grinding.

3. For the first time, it became possible to grind material in the form of fluff (for example, thermally expanded graphite).

Claims (3)

1. A shredder comprising a housing of a loading hopper connected to a housing of a cylindrical grinding chamber, in which a rotor with grinding elements is placed on the shaft, an outlet pipe, characterized in that the loading hopper is made in the form of a closed chamber having a cylindrical shape of variable cross section with a conical transition from a larger cross section to a smaller one, in which at least two rotors with grinding elements made in the form of spiral loops with a smooth surface and installed with the possibility of multidirectional rotation relative to each other, while the boot hopper is connected to the bootloader, made in the form of a pipeline in which a piston is installed, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement, the grinding chamber is coaxially placed under the loading hopper, the grinding chamber body is sealed at the edges to the housing loading hopper with an elastic pipe with the possibility of rotational movement of one part of the pipe relative to another both clockwise and counterclockwise ki, or a nozzle having a plug in the grinding chamber, the rotor is placed on a vertical shaft, and the grinding elements of the rotor are made in the form of a multi-row system of horizontally fixed knives, on the surfaces of which there is a relief in the form of densely placed pyramids with vertices having an angle of 45 ° - 60 °, a branch pipe is installed at the bottom of the grinding chamber. 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of grinding elements on each rotor of the loading hopper can be from one or more, depending on the volume of the hopper and a given capacity of the device. 3. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotors placed in the feed hopper are evenly distributed around its periphery or evenly distributed around its periphery relative to the central one.

Images