RU2528245C1 - Motor boat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: motor boat comprises hull, cabin, cockpit, internal control station, power plant, shut-off clutch with forward and reverse reduction gear, propeller screw and control mechanisms. Power plant is composed by four-stroke diesel, each cylinder thereof having internal web with central bore to divide cylinder inside into two equal chambers. Cylinder is closed from bottom by lower cover with central bore. Pistons are fitted into cylinders, one in its chamber. Pistons are coupled by rod extending through web and bottom cover bores, its lower end being coupled with con-rod engaged with crankshaft crank. Webs, pistons and lower cover makes four chambers in the cylinder, each having an intake unit with intake valve interacting with camshaft cam and atomiser hydraulically communicated with high-pressure pump engaged with crankshaft. Intake unit is connected with air blower air filter while discharge unit with discharge valve is engaged with camshaft cam communicated via air exhauster and discharge pipe with atmosphere.

EFFECT: enhanced performances.

1 tbl, 12 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and may find application as a displacement vessel.

Known pleasure boat "Bridget", containing the hull, cabin, open cockpit, outboard motor. Length 4.8 m, width 2.0 m, side height 0.9 m, engine power 80 hp, driving speed 50 km / h.

/ X. Baader. Outbound, tourist and sports boats. L., Shipbuilding, 1976, p. 98-100 /.

The disadvantages of the pleasure boat “Bridget” are: high fuel consumption and its limited supply, low autonomy, low efficiency and large heat losses in the engine.

These shortcomings are due to the design of the vessel and its power plant.

Also known is the tourist boat “Boyero”, comprising a hull with sharp-edged contours, an enclosed cockpit, a bow cabin, a power plant located inside the hull and kinematically connected to the propeller, steering wheel, internal and external control posts. Length 7.0 m, width 2.5 m, power 120 hp, maximum speed 35 km / h, fuel consumption 18 liters at 3/4 of maximum speed / Ibid., Pp.123-125 /.

The well-known tourist boat “Boyero”, as the closest in technical essence and achieved useful result, is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the famous tourist boat “Boyero”, taken as a prototype, are the low speed, low efficiency and insufficient power of the power plant.

These shortcomings are due to the design of the power plant.

The present invention is to improve the technical characteristics of a displacement motor vessel.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that in a motor vessel containing a hull, a cabin, a power unit, a forward and reverse gear, an isolation clutch, a propeller connected to a power unit, an internal control post, according to the invention, the power unit is made in the form of a four-stroke diesel engine, each cylinder of which contains a partition inside, having a central opening with controls, dividing the internal volume of the cylinder into two equal cavities, and is closed from below by a lower cover having The central hole with sealing elements, fixed by a ring, bolted to the cylinder block, in addition, pistons with sealing elements are inserted inside both cylinder cavities, one on each cavity, interconnected by a rod passed into the central holes of the partition and the lower cover, lower end which is connected to the connecting rod, and the latter is connected with the crank of the crankshaft, and the baffle and pistons with the lower cover form four working chambers in the cylinder, each of which has an inlet block with an inlet valve interacting with the cam of the inlet camshaft and the nozzle hydraulically connected to the high pressure pump mechanically connected to the crankshaft, and the inlet block is connected via pipelines to the air filter of the air blower and the exhaust block is connected to the exhaust valve connected to the cam of the exhaust camshaft moreover, the exhaust unit is connected to the atmosphere through an exhaust fan and an exhaust pipe.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a General view of a motor vessel;

figure 2 - General view of the power plant;

figure 3 is a kinematic diagram of a four-stroke diesel engine of a motor vessel;

figure 4 - exhaust block of the engine;

figure 5 is a kinematic diagram of a gas engine;

figure 6 - intake block of the engine;

7 is a diagram of a four-stroke diesel engine;

in Fig.8 is a diagram of an engine power system;

Fig.9, 10, 11, 12 is a diagram of the principle of operation of a four-stroke diesel engine.

A motor vessel comprises a hull 1, in which a cabin 2 is located, a motor compartment, in which a power plant 3, a cargo hold, and an internal control post are located 4. The power plant is mechanically connected to the electric current generator by means of couplings to power all consumers of the vessel 6 and through the disconnection a clutch 7, a forward and reverse gear 8 with a propeller 9, behind which the steering wheel is located 10. The power plant of the motor vessel is made in the form of a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine, containing the cylinder block 11 with the cooling jacket 12, the upper cylindrical cover 13, bolted to the cylinder block. Each of the cylinders 14 contains inside a partition 15 having a central opening with sealing elements 16, which divides the internal volume of the cylinder into two equal cavities. From the bottom, each cylinder is closed by a lower cover 17 having a central hole with sealing elements 18, fixed by a ring 19, bolted to the cylinder block. Pistons 20 with sealing elements 21 are inserted inside both cylinder cavities, one for each cavity, interconnected by a rod 22 passed into the central holes of the partition and the lower cover. The lower end of the rod is pivotally connected to a connecting rod 23, which is connected to the crank of the crankshaft 24, which is located in the crankcase 25 and has a flywheel 26. The crankcase is closed by a cover 27. The partition and pistons with the lower cover form four working chambers 28, 29, 30, 31, each of which has an inlet 32 connected to an inlet block 33 having an inlet valve 34 and a nozzle 35, and an outlet 36 connected to an outlet block 37 having an outlet valve 38. The inlet blocks are pneumatically connected to the air through pipelines 39 m filter blower 40 driven by an electric motor 41, powered by a generator-starter 42, the pinion 43 which includes a permanent engagement with the flywheel. Through pipelines, the exhaust blocks are connected to an exhaust fan 44, driven by an electric motor powered by a starter generator, and through the exhaust pipe 45 are connected to the atmosphere. The gas distribution mechanism contains horizontal inlet 46 and exhaust 47 shafts installed in the bearings of the cylinder block and having gear gears 48, 49, which are connected to the gears 51 of the crankshaft by means of chain gears 50. The horizontal inlet shaft is connected by means of gears 52, 53 to the vertical inlet shafts 54 having cams 55 interacting with the inlet valves of the inlet blocks. The horizontal exhaust shaft is connected by means of gears to vertical exhaust shafts 56 having cams cooperating with exhaust valves of the exhaust blocks. The diesel engine power supply system comprises a fuel tank 57, which is connected via pipelines to a fuel pump 58 connected by gears 59, 60 to a crankshaft. The power supply system also includes a high pressure pump 61, mechanically connected through gears 62, 63 to the crankshaft, and hydraulically - with the injectors of the intake blocks and the fuel pump. The high pressure pump has a fuel control lever 64. The cooling and lubrication systems have water 65 and oil 66 pumps, mechanically connected to the crankshaft. The diesel engine also includes all other components inherent in four-stroke diesel engines.

The motor vessel operates as follows.

After checking all engine systems, it starts. For this, batteries, not shown in the drawings, are connected to the starter-generator 42. Its shaft starts to rotate and rotates the flywheel 26 and the crankshaft 24 through gear 43. The engine starts and runs.

In the initial position (Fig.9), the upper and lower pistons 20 are at top dead center (TDC). In the working chamber 28, the air is compressed and heated to a high temperature, the inlet 34 and outlet 68 valves are closed and fuel is injected into the high-pressure pump 61 through the nozzle 35 (shown by an arrow). The fuel from the high temperature in the working chamber 28 ignites and the gases formed exert pressure on the upper surface of the upper piston 20, which moves downward, making a stroke, and through the rod 22 forces the lower piston 20 to move downward, with the connecting rod 23 turning the crankshaft 24 in the direction shown by arrow, 180 degrees. At the same time, air compression occurs in the working chamber 29 and both valves 34, 38 are closed. In the working chamber 30, the inlet valve 34 is opened and the blower 40 is supplied with a new portion of fresh air. In the working chamber 31, the exhaust valve 38 is open and the exhaust gases are removed by the exhaust fan 44 through the exhaust pipe 45 into the atmosphere. Having reached the bottom dead center (BDC), the upper and lower pistons 20 occupy the position shown in figure 10. Then, into the working chamber 29, where the air is compressed and heated, a high pressure pump 61 injects fuel through the nozzle 35 (shown by an arrow), which ignites and the gases formed produce pressure on the lower surface of the upper piston 20. Under the action of gas pressure, the upper piston 20 moves upward, making a stroke, through the stem 22 also moves the lower piston 20. The outlet is opened in the working chamber 28 at the same time. a flap valve 38 and an exhaust fan 44 removes exhaust gases into the atmosphere. In the working chamber 30, both valves are closed and air is compressed. The inlet valve 34 is open in the working chamber 31 and the air blower 40 draws air from the atmosphere through the air filter 39 and delivers it to it. The rod 22 and the connecting rod 23 rotate the crankshaft 24 another 180 degrees to the position shown in Fig.11. The fuel is pumped by a high pressure pump 61 through the nozzle 35 into the working chamber 30. From the high temperature, the fuel ignites and the gases formed exert pressure on the upper surface of the lower piston 20, which begins to move downward, moves the upper piston 20 behind itself, making a stroke. The rod 22 and the connecting rod 23 rotate the crankshaft 24 an additional 180 degrees. In this case, the inlet valve 34 is opened in the working chamber 28 and the air blower 40 enters the clean air, the exhaust valve 38 is opened in the working chamber 29 and the exhaust gases are discharged, and in the working chamber 31 both valves 34, 38 are closed and air is compressed. Having reached the bottom dead center (BDC), the pistons occupy the position shown in Fig. 12. At this time, the high-pressure pump 61 delivers fuel to the working chamber 31, where it ignites and the gases formed exert pressure on the lower surface of the lower piston 20, forcing it to move to the top dead center (TDC) and to move the upper piston in the same direction through the rod 22 20. In this case, air compression occurs in the working chamber 28, the inlet 34 and exhaust 38 valves are closed, the inlet valve 34 is open in the working chamber 29 and the air blower 40 delivers clean air into it, in the working chamber 30 the exhaust valve 38 and exhaust Second fan 44 removes the waste gases into the atmosphere. After the return of the pistons 20 to its original position, everything starts all over again. Processes also occur in other cylinders.

Table 1 No. slave. the cameras e.g. movement pistons so you e.g. movement pistons so you e.g. movement pistons so you e.g. movement pistons so you 28

slave. x

release

inlet

compression 29th compression slave. x release inlet thirty inlet compression slave. x release 31 release inlet compression slave. x

From table 1 it is seen that in one stroke of the pistons a full cycle of a four-stroke diesel engine is performed when the crankshaft is rotated 180 degrees, while in a classic four-stroke diesel engine a full cycle is performed in four strokes of the piston and 720 degrees of crankshaft rotation.

After starting the power plant 3 by means of the handle of the gearbox 8, the forward or reverse gear is turned on, then the uncoupling clutch 7 is turned on, the propeller 9 comes into rotation and the ship starts moving. Having reached its destination, the ship approaches the marina, the uncoupling clutch 7 is disconnected, the fuel supply is shut off and the power plant 3 is turned off.

The technical result consists in increasing the power of the power plant, increasing its efficiency, fuel economy, reducing the weight and dimensions of the power plant, increasing the autonomy of navigation.

Claims (1)

A motor vessel comprising a hull, a cabin, a power plant, a forward and reverse gear, an uncoupling clutch, a propeller connected to a power plant, an internal control post, characterized in that the power plant is made in the form of a four-stroke diesel engine, each cylinder of which contains an inside a partition having a central opening with sealing elements, dividing the internal volume of the cylinder into two equal cavities, and is closed from below by a lower cover having a central opening with sealing elements, secured by a ring, bolted to the cylinder block, in addition, pistons with sealing elements are inserted inside both cylinder cavities, one on each cavity, interconnected by a rod passed into the central holes of the partition and the lower cover, the lower end of which is connected to the connecting rod, and the latter is connected with the crank of the crankshaft, and the baffle and pistons with the lower cover form four working chambers in the cylinder, each of which has an inlet block with an inlet valve that interacts with the inlet cam gas distribution shaft and an injector hydraulically connected to a high pressure pump mechanically connected to the crankshaft, and the inlet block is connected via pipelines to the air filter of the air blower and the exhaust block with an exhaust valve connected to the cam of the exhaust gas distribution shaft, and the exhaust block through an exhaust fan and the exhaust pipe is connected to the atmosphere.

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