RU2528197C2 - Internal combustion device gas exchange actuator (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in internal combustion engines. Proposed device comprises cylindrical rotary valves (1) and valve train drive. Said cylindrical rotary valve (1) has the channel with axis directed perpendicular to cylindrical generatrix to communicate combustion chamber with intake or discharge channel. Short tenon is made at axle of rotary valve bottom part, from its outer side, while long tenon is made at rotary valve axle, from valve outer side. Rotary valves (1) are fitted in cases (2) composed by cups with bottom holes to be closed by cover (3) with central bore and fitted in seat of cylinder block head (4) at outlet of intake and discharge channels communicating combustion chamber with intake and discharge manifolds. Openings are made in the walls of cases (2) in diametrically opposite direction. Some of them are aligned with intake and discharge channels of head (4). Some have expanding channels extending into combustion chambers. Short tenon is fitted in seat at case (2) bottom, while long tenon is fitted via case (2) cover (3) central bore to extend into drive chambers. The latter are compose of separate cases (5) with covers (6) secured on both sides of head (4) and engaged with driven conical gear (8) of valve train drive. Drive conical gears (9) are fitted on drive shafts (10) running in bearings mounted inside said drives in every said case. Valve train driven elements are fitted at output extensions of shafts (10). Grooves to receive seals (11) are made at edges of cylindrical surface of rotary valve (1) and composed of a set of steel split rings in contact with inner cylindrical part of cases (2). Radial thrust bearings (12) are fitted in circular grooves between ends of rotary valve (1) and case bottom (2) and its cover (3). Similar bearing (13) is arranged from outer side of tenon between boss for outlet for tenon in drive chamber and drive comical gear. Besides, gland (14) is fitted in the boss circular recess, gland edge interacting with tenon cylindrical generatrix. Invention covers the device design version.

EFFECT: decreased resistance to gas flow.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering and can be used in internal combustion engines for general and special purposes, as well as in other devices requiring the distribution of fluid or gas flows.

There is a gas distribution mechanism (timing), which is a device for implementing the gas exchange process in the internal combustion engine, containing a closing timing mechanism, consisting of a valve, a valve seat, a guide sleeve, return springs, plates and crackers, an opening mechanism consisting of a camshaft, pusher, rod , rocker arms with an axis and a device for adjusting the thermal gap, and a timing drive - gear, chain or belt [see Automotive and tractor engines (Theory, power systems, design and calculation). Ed. THEM. Lenin. Textbook for high schools in the specialty "Cars and Tractors". M .: "Higher School", 1969. - 656 p.].

The disadvantages of this device are significant loads on the engine, due to the need to overcome the force of the springs of the closing mechanism, as well as significant shock loads on the working edges of the valve and seat when closing, the need for periodic adjustment of thermal gaps in the absence of hydraulic compensators, low reliability of the mechanism due to a violation of the integrity of the elements of the locking device "Valve seat", and significant time and material costs when restoring work lities timing.

In addition, there is a device for implementing the gas exchange process in the internal combustion engine, containing toroidal chambers installed above the suction and exhaust openings, the internal cavities of which are connected to the cylinder cavity, the suction pipe or the exhaust manifold by two openings, and ring pistons having a gas passage are placed inside them sitting on a common shaft and during rotation connecting the cylinder cavity with the suction pipe or exhaust manifold through the holes [see patent RU 2177552 of December 27, 2001].

The disadvantages of this device is the difficulty of manufacturing toroidal chambers with the required deviation from the shape of the annular pistons themselves with cavities inside, while ensuring thermal clearances and tightness. In addition, the device made in this embodiment is not suitable for use in internal combustion engines with a discrete change in power due to the shutdown of part of the cylinders.

Or a device for implementing the gas exchange process in an internal combustion engine with a valveless gas distribution mechanism in the form of channels inside the head housing, into which fixed cylinders with windows located opposite each combustion chamber are inserted, rotating hollow camshafts with windows located around the circumference of these shafts under a certain angle relative to each other opposite each combustion chamber, one of the camshafts is the intake, the other exhaust, on the camshafts On the outside, there are grooves for sealing and lubrication rings, at the ends of the camshafts there are axes on which sprockets are mounted to transmit their rotation from the crankshaft, the speed of rotation of the camshafts is half the speed of the crankshaft [see patent RU 2121583 dated November 10, 1998].

The disadvantage of this device is its complexity, the need to seal three dissimilar bodies, which leads to low reliability, and, most importantly, the complexity of regulation by the value of the gas distribution phases and the inability to use in ICEs with a discrete change in power due to the shutdown of part of the cylinders.

There is also a device for implementing the gas exchange process in the internal combustion engine, containing glasses with windows rotated from the crankshaft, installed in the center of the annular cavity of the cylinder heads, moreover, the annular cavity of the cylinder head is divided by bridges into two channels, in the cylinder block of the compressor, one channel is sucked in and the second channel - injection into the combustion chamber, in the engine block through one channel there is a supply of gases after the combustion chamber, in the second channel - exhaust [see patent RU 2287712 of November 20, 2006].

Or a device for implementing the gas exchange process in the internal combustion engine, containing spools rotated from the crankshaft with inlet and outlet through diameter channels, with blind seals in contact with the spool [see Description to AC SU 1300160, A1 dated March 30, 1987].

The disadvantages of these devices is the lack of the possibility of their use in classic four-stroke internal combustion engines.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

This goal is achieved by using a device for implementing the gas exchange process in an internal combustion engine containing cylindrical rotary spools, a gas distribution mechanism (GRM), and in a cylindrical rotary spools, a channel is made, the axis of which is directed normal to the cylindrical generatrix that connects the chamber cavity combustion, respectively, with an inlet or outlet channel, on the axis of the bottom of the cylindrical rotary spools, from their outer part, perform a short spike, on the axis of the cylindrical rotary spools, from their outer part, a long spike is performed, while the cylindrical rotary spools are installed in cases made in the form of glasses with an opening in the bottom part and closed by a lid with a central hole mounted in the nests of the cylinder head at the inlet outlet the entrance of the exhaust channels connecting the combustion chambers with the intake and exhaust manifolds, while windows are made in the walls of the housings in the diametrically opposite direction, one of which coincides inlet and outlet channels made in the head, and others with expanding channels leading to the combustion chambers, a short spike is inserted into the landing hole made in the bottom of the body, a long spike through the central hole in the body cover is led into the cavity of the drive mechanisms, which in the form individual housings with covers are attached on both sides of the head and connected to the driven bevel gear of the timing drive, the drive bevel wheels are mounted on the drive shafts mounted on bearings in cavities drives made in each of the housings, the driven elements of the timing belt are installed on the output ends of the shafts, while grooves for sealing elements are made on the edges of the cylindrical generatrix of the rotary spools, for example, as a set of several split steel rings in contact with the inner cylindrical part housings, between the ends of the spool and the bottom of the housing and its cover, angular contact bearings are installed in the annular mounting grooves, and on the outside of the spike between the tide A similar bearing is installed with an outlet for a tenon in the drive cavity and a driven bevel gear, and a stuffing box is installed in the annular recess of the tide, the working edge of which interacts with the cylindrical generatrix of the tenon.

As an embodiment, it may be that in the cylindrical rotary spools a channel is formed which connects the cavity of the combustion chamber, respectively, with the inlet or outlet channel, the axis of which changes direction normal to the cylindrical generatrix, at an angle, for example, at a straight line.

And in the walls of the cases windows are made, one of which coincides with the inlet and outlet channels made in the head, and the other with expanding channels leading to the combustion chambers, the axes of which are located at an angle relative to each other, for example, under a straight line.

In this case, an electric motor is used as a drive.

Or, double-acting hydraulic cylinders with a lever mechanism are used as a drive.

And as a drive using double-acting electromagnets with a lever mechanism.

A device for implementing the gas exchange process in an internal combustion engine, comprising rotary spools made in the form of a ball, a rotary spool housing, a gas distribution mechanism (GRM), and in the rotary spools there is a channel that connects the cavity of the combustion chamber, respectively, with an inlet or outlet channel, the axis of the rotary spools perform a short spike and a long spike, while the body of the rotary spools is made in the form of two cylinders mounted in the sockets of the cylinder head c, hemispheres are made on the inner sides of the cylinders, passing into the holes for the spikes, while in the walls of the cases in the diametrically opposite direction windows are made, some of which coincide with the inlet and outlet channels made in the head, and others with expanding channels leading to the chambers combustion, a short spike is introduced into the landing hole made in the bottom of the case, a long spike through the central hole in the cover of the case is led out into the cavity of the drive mechanisms, which are in the form of separate cases with a cover and attached on both sides of the head and connected to the driven bevel gear of the timing drive, the driving bevels of which are mounted on the drive shafts mounted on bearings in the drive cavities made in each of the housings, and the driven timing drive elements are installed at the output ends of the shafts, with this, at the edges of the generatrix of the rotary spools, grooves are made for sealing elements made in the form of a set of several split steel rings in contact with the inner cylindrical part to angles, between the ends of the spool and the bottom of the housing and its cover, in the annular landing grooves, angular contact bearings are installed, and on the outside of the spike between the tide with the outlet for the spike in the drive cavity and the driven bevel gear, a similar bearing is installed and there an oil seal is installed in the annular recess of the tide, the working edge of which interacts with the cylindrical generatrix of the tenon.

As an embodiment, it may be that a channel is formed in the body of the balls, the axis of which changes direction in the normal direction in the transverse plane, at an angle, for example, at a right angle, and with which the cavity of the combustion chamber is connected respectively to the inlet or outlet channel.

And in the walls of the cylindrical elements at the junction of the hemispheres of the cylindrical elements, windows are normal to their cylindrical generators, the axes of which are located at an angle relative to each other, for example, under a straight line, some of which coincide with the inlet and outlet channels made in the head, and others with expanding channels leading to the combustion chamber.

In this case, an electric motor is used as a drive.

Or, double-acting hydraulic cylinders with a lever mechanism are used as a drive.

And as a drive using double-acting electromagnets with a lever mechanism.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the device with a cylindrical rotary valve, figure 2 is a General view of the device with a ball rotary valve.

The main elements of the proposed device for the implementation of the gas exchange process in the internal combustion engine, in which cylindrical rotary spools 1 are used as the closing mechanism, are installed in the housings 2, made in the form of glasses with an opening in the bottom and closed by a lid 3 with a central hole mounted in special head sockets cylinder block 4, at the outlet of the inlet and inlet of the outlet channels connecting the combustion chambers with the intake and exhaust manifolds, while in the walls of the bodies 2 in diametrically In the opposite direction, windows are made, one of which coincides with the inlet and outlet channels made in the head, and the other with expanding channels leading to the combustion chambers, and in the cylindrical rotary spools 1 there is a channel whose axis is directed normal to the cylindrical generatrix, which is connected the cavity of the combustion chamber, respectively, with an inlet or outlet for the inlet or outlet closing mechanism, and on the axis of the bottom of the cylindrical rotary spools 1 perform a short w n, which is introduced into the landing hole made in the bottom of the housing 2, and along the axis of the cylindrical rotary spools, from their outer part, a long spike is made, for example, with a spline end, which is led through the central hole in the housing cover 3 into the cavity of the drive mechanisms which in the form of separate housings 5 with covers 6 are attached on both sides of the head 4 and, by means of splines and a bolt 7, are connected to the driven bevel gear 8 of the drive of the opening mechanism, the driving bevel wheels 9 of which are mounted on the shafts of the drives 10 mounted on bearings in the cavities of the drives made in each of the housings 5, and on the output ends of the shafts 10, the driven elements of the timing drive (gear, sprocket, pulley) are installed, while grooves on the cylindrical generatrix of the rotary spools 1 are grooved under the sealing elements 11, made in the form of a set of several split steel rings in contact with the inner cylindrical part of the housing 2, and between the ends of the spool 1 and the bottom of the housing 2 and its cover 3 in the annular cup full-face grooves install angular contact bearings 12, and on the outer side of the spike between the tide with the outlet for the spike in the drive cavity and the driven bevel gear 8, a similar bearing 13 is installed and a stuffing box 14 is installed in the annular recess of the tide, the working edge of which interacts with the cylindrical spike generatrix.

In the second embodiment of the device, for the gas exchange process in the internal combustion engine, rotary spools 1 are used, made in the form of a ball with similar spikes, which are installed in a housing made in the form of two cylinders 2 and 3, on the inside of which hemispheres are made, passing into the holes for the spikes.

The proposed device for the implementation of the gas exchange process in the internal combustion engine work as follows. When the engine is started, the torque from the crankshaft is transmitted via a gear, chain or belt drive to the drive shaft 10. The bevel gears 9, which are engaged with the driven bevel gears 8, rotate the cylindrical rotary spools 1 and channels of the devices installed in the inlet tract, on the intake stroke coincide with the inlet window of the housing 2, and therefore, through the inlet channel made in the head 4 of the cylinder block, with the intake manifold. In this case, the cylinder cavity is filled with air-fuel mixture or air. In this case, when the air-fuel mixture or air passes into the combustion chamber through the cone-shaped channel, the air flow velocity decreases and its pressure increases, thereby increasing the fill factor of the cylinders.

On the compression stroke during further rotation of the drive elements, the cylindrical rotary valve 1 closes the inlet channel and provides reliable locking of the working fluid in the combustion chamber due to sliding friction between the cylindrical surfaces of the rotary valve 1 and the housing 2. Moreover, due to the contact of the sealing elements 11 with the inner surface body 2 eliminates the breakthrough of the working fluid. A similar effect is achieved during the combustion of the working mixture and the expansion stroke.

At the exhaust cycle, the channel of the cylindrical rotary slide valve 1 is combined with the channels of the devices installed in the exhaust tract; at the exhaust stroke, they coincide with the exhaust window of the housing 2 and, therefore, through the exhaust channel made in the cylinder head 4 with the exhaust manifold. In this case, the cylinder cavity is cleaned of exhaust gases. The process is then repeated.

When using electric motors, hydraulic cylinders or electromagnets (flexible drives) as drives, if necessary, switch to a discrete power take-off mode by turning off the cylinders one by one, the rotary spools 1 can be in a different position when the piston of the cylinder to be switched is moved from bottom dead center to top. For example, they can connect the cavity of the cylinder to be switched off with the intake or exhaust manifolds and thereby can provide pressure in the intake manifold and increase the initial intake pressure in the active cylinders or reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the exhaust manifold from the release of the active cylinder.

The effect of using the invention is that the engine efficiency is improved by reducing the load spent on overcoming the force of the closing mechanism springs, increasing the fill factor of the cylinders by reducing the resistance value to the flow of the air-fuel mixture or air in the “valve-seat” section, and it becomes possible to control the gas distribution phases and the cross-sectional size of the channels.

The reliability of operation is increased due to the fact that the invention provides guaranteed reliability of locking the working fluid on the compression and expansion strokes.

In addition, the effect of the use of the invention is that it can be implemented in internal combustion engines with a discrete change in power due to the successive shutdown of part of the cylinders.

Claims (8)

1. A device for implementing the gas exchange process in an internal combustion engine, comprising cylindrical rotary spools, a gas distribution mechanism (GRM), wherein a channel is formed in cylindrical rotary spools, the axis of which is directed normal to the cylindrical generatrix, which connect the cavity of the combustion chamber to the inlet or the exhaust channel, on the axis of the bottom of the cylindrical rotary spools, from the outer part, perform a short spike, and on the axis of the cylindrical rotary spools tnikov, from their outer part, perform a long spike, characterized in that the cylindrical rotary spools are installed in housings made in the form of glasses with a hole in the bottom and closed by a lid with a central hole mounted in the jacks of the cylinder head at the inlet outlet and outlet channels connecting the combustion chambers with the intake and exhaust manifolds, while windows are made in the walls of the housings in the diametrically opposite direction, one of which coincides with the intake and exhaust by analoids made in the head, and others with expanding channels leading to the combustion chambers, a short spike is inserted into the landing hole made in the bottom of the body, a long spike is led through the central hole in the body cover into the cavities of the drive mechanisms, which in the form of separate bodies with caps are attached on both sides of the head and connected to the driven bevel gear of the timing drive, the drive bevel wheels are mounted on the shafts of the drives mounted on bearings in the cavities of the drives made in Each of the housings, on the output ends of the shafts, the driven elements of the timing drive are installed, while grooves for sealing elements are made on the edges of the cylindrical generatrix of the rotary spools, for example, in the form of a set of several split steel rings in contact with the inner cylindrical part of the housings, between the ends the spool and the bottom of the housing and its cover in the annular mounting grooves set angular contact bearings, and on the outside of the spike between the tide with the outlet od spike in the cavity and drives the driven bevel gear is set the same bearings and there in an annular recess tide set gland sealing lip which cooperates with a cylindrical generatrix of the stud. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric motor is used as a drive. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive use double-acting hydraulic cylinders with a lever mechanism. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive uses double-acting electromagnets with a lever mechanism. 5. A device for implementing the gas exchange process in an internal combustion engine, comprising rotary spools made in the form of a ball, a rotary spool housing, a gas distribution mechanism (GRM), and in the rotary spools a channel is made that connects the cavity of the combustion chamber, respectively, with the intake or exhaust channel , on the axis of the rotary spools perform a short spike and a long spike, characterized in that the housing of the rotary spools is made in the form of two cylinders mounted in the sockets of the head of the cylinder block, hemispheres are made on the inner sides of the cylinders, passing into the holes for the spikes, while in the walls of the cases in the diametrically opposite direction windows are made, some of which coincide with the inlet and outlet channels made in the head, and others with expanding channels leading to combustion chambers, a short spike is inserted into the landing hole made in the bottom of the body, a long spike through the central hole in the housing cover is led out into the cavity of the drive mechanisms, which are in the form of separate cor pus with covers are attached on both sides of the head and connected to the driven bevel gear of the timing drive, the bevel gears of which are mounted on the drive shafts mounted on bearings in the drive cavities made in each of the housings, and the driven timing drive elements are installed on the output ends of the shafts at the same time, grooves for sealing elements are made on the edges of the generatrix of the rotary spools, made in the form of a set of several split steel rings in contact with the inner cylinder The angular contact bearings are installed in the annular grooves between the ends of the spool and the bottom of the housing and its cover in the annular grooves, and a similar bearing is installed on the outside of the spike between the tide with the outlet for the spike in the drive cavity and the driven bevel gear and there an oil seal is installed in the annular recess of the tide, the working edge of which interacts with the cylindrical generatrix of the tenon. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that an electric motor is used as a drive. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the actuator uses double-acting hydraulic cylinders with a linkage mechanism. 8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the drive uses double-acting electromagnets with a lever mechanism.

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