RU2527196C2 - Obstacle sensor (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, navigation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to avionics and devices for signalling proximity with the ground or high obstacles. The technical result is achieved due to that the obstacle sensor comprises a radio transmitter with a directional antenna which periodically emits radiation pulses based on a command from a multivibrator, a radio receiver, an electronic switch controlled by a timing relay, a second timing relay, an amplifier, a light and/or audio indicator; the sensor may include two or more such independent sensors; antenna sectors of which partially overlap in space; the sensor may include a multi-position "running lights" type circuit which cyclically connects the directional antenna to the corresponding LED.

EFFECT: reducing the dimensions of the antenna by selecting a high operating frequency and reducing transmitter power and receiver sensitivity.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to avionics - to devices for signaling a dangerous approach to the ground or with a high obstacle. The device according to option 3 can also be used on military vehicles for careful movement in smoke or with damaged surveillance devices.

Known instruments for signaling a dangerous proximity to the ground, consisting of a height sensor and a signaling device, see Internet www.war.ru - Avionics of the Su-27.

Since practice has shown that even airplanes equipped with the most modern means of warning about dangerous proximity to the ground still crash (Superjet in Indonesia, three MiG-29s in Vietnam, two Su-25s in Chechnya, etc.), then It is proposed to additionally use the following device. In small aircraft, it will be the main and only affordable.

OPTION 1. The obstacle sensor is an extremely simplified low-power radar, aimed only in one direction and configured only for a limited range. It contains a radio transmitter with a directional antenna, periodically issuing radiation pulses at the command of the multivibrator, the output of which is connected, and contains a radio receiver connected to the antenna through an electronic key controlled by a time relay connected to the multivibrator, and the output of the receiver is connected to the input of the second time relay, the output of which is connected to the input of the amplifier, and the output of the amplifier is connected to a light and / or sound indicator.

The antenna, of course, is directed straight ahead or slightly below the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. In order for the antenna to be as small as possible in size, you should choose a higher operating frequency.

Since the required distance to the obstacle (for example, a mountain) is small (for example, 1 km), and the area of the obstacle is large, the transmitter power and receiver sensitivity may be small. The whole device in size, weight and price will be similar to a mobile phone.

The first timer should work according to the algorithm shown in figure 2. It is easiest to provide such an algorithm using two series-connected time relays - one that turns on, that is, when a voltage is applied to it, the relay switches on after a while, and it turns off, that is, when a voltage is applied to it, the signal immediately appears at the relay output, and then the set time is disabled.

The second time relay must be of the switching type, that is, when a pulse is supplied to it from the receiver, it still has an output voltage for some time, for example, 0.01 sec.

The recommended multivibrator frequency is at least 30 Hz.

The device may have an operation indicator in the form of a detector at the transmitter output. The detector carries out a small power take-off at the output of the transmitter, which is fed to the green LED using a time relay and amplifier.

An example of the device is shown in figure 1, where: 1 MB - multivibrator, 2 And - the transmitter (i.e. the emitter), 3 A - antenna, 4 PB-1 - time relay with the diagram shown in figure 2, 5 K - electronic key, 6 P - receiver, 7 RV-2 - second time relay, 8 US - amplifier, 9 C - red LED.

The device works as follows: the MB multivibrator periodically turns on the And transmitter and at the same time starts the PB-1 time relay with the diagram shown in figure 2. The time relay RV-1 is turned off during the transmission of radiation, and connects the antenna A to the reception mode, and for a time sufficient for the signal to pass to the obstacle and back, counting from the beginning of the pulse (see figure 2). If a reflected signal arrives during this time, then receiver P turns on the RV-2 time relay for a time slightly larger than the multivibrator frequency (this is necessary so that the LED does not burn to full power, but to full power). The PB-2 turns on the amplifier U, which feeds the LED C. The pilot receives a signal about the presence of an obstacle and increases the pitch until the LED goes out. The device will also warn the pilot about the need to exit the dive when approaching the ground.

If there is an operation indicator, it works like this: the detector takes power from the output of the transmitter, and then the signal from the detector goes to a circuit similar to RV-2, US, C, only the LED is green.

OPTION 2. This device is so simple and cheap that it is possible to use two, three or more of such devices with antennas, two of which are directed slightly to the side so that the sectors of the three antenna diagrams partially overlap. In this case, the device turns into the simplest radar - it tells the direction of bypassing the obstacle. For example, see figure 3, on which the two right LEDs are lit. So, the obstacle must fly around the left.

Figure 4 shows a variant with nine such devices, the antennas of which are located in space square with a partial overlap of the sectors of the antennas. The LEDs on the pilot's panel are also located. This version of the device shows not only the direction of flight of the obstacle, but also roughly shows the height of the obstacle. For example, in figure 4, six lower-right LEDs are lit, roughly showing the high oblique slope of the mountain. If only three lower-right LEDs were lit (right corner), then this would also indicate a slope to the mountain, but less high.

OPTION 3. If it is supposed to have only three such devices, then in order to increase reliability (triple duplication), three independent devices can be used, and the two extreme beams of the antennas should partially overlap in the middle (in case of failure of the middle device). And this option can be considered optimal. But if it is desirable to have a larger sector of coverage of the device, then it is not necessary to have several transceivers for receiving signals from several antennas. You can use one transmitter and one receiver, connecting them in turn with each antenna and its corresponding LED using electronic keys (transistors or thyristors).

To do this, the device contains a running-type generator circuit for several positions, with the outputs of which two electronic keys are connected for each position - at the antenna connection and at the indicator connected to it, and also with the summing output of which the main time relay is connected, connected to the transmitter, and to the summing output of which a time relay No. 1 is connected, connected to an electronic key that connects the antenna to the receiver, the output of the receiver being connected to the input of time relay No. 2, the output of which th is connected to the amplifier input and the amplifier output is connected with the light and / or with an audible indicator.

This version of the device with several antennas will slightly differ in cost from a single device in option 1. It is possible to increase the number of antennas and their corresponding LEDs to 15 (3 * 5), 25 (5 * 5), 35 (5 * 7) or 49 ( 7 * 7). A device with 49 LEDs can be called a 49 pixel display. In this case, the device will be very rude, but still show the outline of the obstacle. However, one should not increase the number of “pixels” too much, since each “pixel” requires a small, but its own parabolic antenna.

A device with a sufficiently wide spatial sector of coverage can have a power-on lock at a certain negative pitch, so that when flying at low altitude or smooth diving, the pilot should not be disturbed by unnecessary operation. Moreover, it is advisable to disable in this case not all the "pixels", but only the lower half.

Figure 5 shows such a device, where: 3 A1-A9 - nine antennas directed squarely with a partial overlap of their sectors, 9 C1-C9 - nine corresponding LEDs, 15 K1-K9 - electronic keys connecting the corresponding antenna to the transmitter 2 And and with the receiver 6 P through the electronic key 5 K, 25K11-K19 - electronic keys connecting the amplifier to the corresponding LED 9 C1-C9, 10 BEG - the scheme of the type of "running lights" at nine positions, 11 D1-D9 - summing the output of the BEG circuit, 12 RV-0 is the main time relay. Designations 4 RV-1, 7 RV-2 and 8 US are similar to the diagram in figure 1.

The device in FIG. 5 operates as follows: the RUN circuit produces an infinite series of nine repeating pulses. Each pulse opens a key pair, for example, K1 and K11, and simultaneously starts two time relays RV-0 and RV-1. The time relay RV-0 briefly turns on the transmitter And, issuing a radiation pulse to the antenna A1. If the reflected signal arrives at the antenna A1 for a given limited period of time, corresponding, for example, to a distance of 1 km, then the key K is still open at this time, and the signal goes to receiver P and then to the RV-2 time relay, amplifier the key K11 and the LED C1 (similar to the device in figure 1). The pilot sees an obstacle in a particular sector.

Then the RUN circuit takes the following position, and the cycle is repeated for antenna A2 and LED C2. And so on.

Lightweight, cheap, simple and reliable, the device completely eliminates the possibility of an accidental collision with a high obstacle.

Claims (7)

1. The proximity sensor with an obstacle, characterized in that it contains an antenna directed to the front hemisphere and a radio transmitter periodically emitting radiation pulses at the command of the multivibrator with the output of which it is connected, and contains a radio receiver connected to this antenna via an electronic key controlled from the first relay time connected to the multivibrator, and the output of the radio is connected to the input of the second time relay, the output of which is connected to the input of the amplifier, and the output of the amplifier is connected to the light and / or sound yakov indicator of the presence of obstacles. 2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna is directed straight ahead or slightly below the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. 3. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the first time relay contains two series-connected time relays - switching on and off, and the second of the time relays mentioned in paragraph 1 works according to the switching algorithm for a certain period of time. 4. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor has an operation indicator in the form of a detector at the output of the radio transmitter, which selects power at the output of the radio transmitter, which is supplied to the green LED using a time relay and amplifier. 5. The proximity sensor with an obstacle, characterized in that it contains two or more independent sensors according to claim 1, the sectors of the antennas of which partially intersect in space. 6. Proximity sensor with an obstacle, characterized in that it contains a running-type generator circuit for several positions, the outputs of which are connected by two electronic keys for each of its positions - by connecting the radio transmitter to the forward-directed antenna and connecting to the corresponding antenna indicator, and with the summing output of the mentioned circuit, the main time relay connected to the radio transmitter is connected, and with the summing output of which the first time relay connected to the electronic key is connected, which the second one connects the antenna to the radio receiver, the output of the radio receiver being connected to the input of the second time relay, the output of which is connected to the amplifier input, and the amplifier output is connected to the light and / or sound indicator of the obstacle via the above electronic keys. 7. The sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that it has a lock on the inclusion of all or part of the indicators at a certain negative pitch.

Images