RU2525806C1 - Device for creating load - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: device for creating load comprises a set of disks with central axial opening, which is located in the housing on the shaft, through which the shaft is passed, of which at least one disk is rigidly attached to the shaft and located between the pair of disks with the multipolar sector magnetisation, fixed in the housing, at that one is fixedly attached, and the other - with the possibility of changing the angular position. The essence of the solution consists in that all disks of the said set are designed in the form of identical annular magnets with axial sector magnetisation and initially face each other with the opposite poles.

EFFECT: increasing the amount of created load at small dimensions of the device and elimination of dependence of the created load on the speed of rotation of the drive shaft.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to sports equipment, in particular to training devices for the development and strengthening of muscles and joints with exercises to overcome the opposing effort, and can be used in domestic and sports-professional simulators to create and vary the load.

State of the art

Known load node for training athletes (see patent SU 1625504, IPC: A63B 21/005, publ. 02/07/91), containing a shaft installed in the bearings, bearing blades, forming a cross, placed in a hollow cylindrical body filled with electroviscous fluid and provided with electrodes connected to an adjustable voltage source. The degree of braking resistance exerted by the electroviscous fluid from the rotating blades, driven into rotation by the drive force transmitted through the cable from the athlete, is established by changing the voltage of the power source, the value of which determines the viscosity coefficient of the said fluid.

The disadvantages of the known solutions include the presence of a source of electrical voltage and electrically viscous fluid, which reduces the safety of operation of the device, determines the high requirements of insulation and tightness.

These disadvantages are deprived of the device for creating a load using the magnetic forces of permanent magnets.

A device is known (see patent US 5051638, IPC: A63B 21/005, publ. 24.09.91), containing an eddy current disk fixed to the drive shaft, on one side of which an impeller (fan wheel) is made, and on the other side coaxially he has a fixed disk with permanent magnets arranged around a circle with alternating poles. The fixed disk consists of two parts pivotally connected to each other.

Said device is a magnetic brake. The eddy currents that occur in a rotating disk under the action of magnetic fields of permanent magnets create electromagnetic fields, which in turn interact with the magnetic fields of permanent magnets, creating resistance to the rotation of the disk, and hence the rotation of the drive shaft, providing a load for the athlete, bringing the shaft into rotation . The load is adjusted by changing the distance between the movable disk and the permanent magnets, by deflecting the bottom of the disk with the magnets.

The disadvantages of the known solutions include significant dimensions and the dependence of the magnitude of the created resistance (load) on the angular velocity of rotation of the eddy current disk. Therefore, such devices are widely used to create a load in exercise bikes, characterized by high angular speeds of rotation of the drive shaft.

As the closest analogue, by the presence of signs similar to the essential features of the claimed technical solution, a magnetic brake device with selectively variable torque, used to create and control the load, is disclosed in the patent for invention US 4152617, IPC: H02K 49/00, publ. 05/01/1979

According to the aforementioned patent, the device comprises a plurality of disks located in the housing on the shaft with a central axial hole through which the shaft is passed. At least one disk of the aforementioned set is rigidly fixed to the shaft (rotating disk) and is placed between a pair of fixed disks with multipolar sector magnetization, i.e. having many magnetic poles in the form of a sector, alternating around the perimeter. These so-called magnetic disks are rigidly fixed in the housing, one of which is completely stationary, and the other has the ability to change its angular position on the shaft, i.e. can be rotated relative to the shaft and locked again. Initially, magnetic disks are installed with opposite poles located opposite each other, while the direction of magnetization of the disks is not significant.

The load in the form of resistance to rotation of the shaft and braking of the disk, rigidly fixed to the shaft, as in the previous device, is created by using the effect of eddy currents generated in the rotating disk under the action of the magnetic fields of the stationary disks.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue, as well as the above, include the dependence of the braking torque on the angular speed of rotation of the drive shaft, on the diameter and thickness of the rotating disk. Obtaining large braking loads in low-speed power simulators with such a device design is possible only with significant increases in device dimensions (disk diameters).

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to create a compact device that could be used in any, including low-speed power simulators, providing a constant load, independent of the shaft rotation speed.

As a result of using the present invention, a number of positive technical results are achieved, namely:

- a significant increase in the magnitude of the created load with small dimensions of the device,

- the creation of a constant load, independent of the speed of rotation of the shaft, which provides wide possibilities for using the device;

- the ability to create a pulsating load regime, which contributes to additional training and muscle strengthening.

The solution of the aforementioned technical problem and positive technical results are achieved due to the fact that in the device for creating a load containing a plurality of disks located in the housing on the shaft with a central axial hole through which the shaft is passed, of which at least one disk is rigidly fixed to the shaft and placed between a pair of disks with multiple sector magnetization, mounted in the housing: one is stationary, and the other with the ability to change its angular position, according to the claimed invented On July, all disks are made in the form of identical ring magnets with axial sector magnetization and were initially facing each other with opposite poles.

As in the prototype, the set of discs, in fact, forms a braking mechanism that creates resistance to rotation of the shaft, which is brought into rotation by the trainee (athlete), for example, through a cable or pedals, which provides a load for the latter.

In contrast to the prototype in the proposed device, the entire brake mechanism, including the disk mounted on the shaft, is assembled on permanent ring magnets with axial, otherwise, axial, multipolar sector magnetization.

The ring magnet is a flat ring, i.e. a flat part with a cylindrical outer surface, which is the same as a disk with a central axial hole.

As a result of axial (axial) magnetization, the magnetic poles of the ring magnet are located on its flat surfaces and alternate along the perimeter on both sides.

In fact, each ring magnet is a ring magnetic system consisting of the same permanent magnets, in the form of a sector placed along the ring with alternating directions of axial magnetization, and the number of sectors in such a system will always be even.

Initially (when assembling the device), all the ring magnets of the brake mechanism are placed equally on the shaft, i.e. with the same direction of axial magnetization in opposite sectors of the ring magnets. As a result, on the one and the other side of each of the ring magnets opposite poles are opposite poles of adjacent ring magnets.

Opposite poles of magnets are known to attract. As a result, a rotating magnet rigidly fixed to the shaft of the magnet at the same time acts on both sides by attractive forces from the side of the ring magnets rigidly fixed in the housing, and the attractive forces act across the entire area of the magnets, preventing the rotation of the shaft.

Replacing the eddy current disk (rotating disk) with an annular magnet significantly increased the braking forces, and hence the magnitude of the load received at the output of the device, and at the same time reduce the dimensions of the device.

Permanent magnets are characterized by a certain constant magnetic force, which depends only on the parameters of the magnets used: their shape, dimensions and the material of which it consists.

Given that the parameters of the magnets in the device are unchanged, the gaps between them are constant, the interaction force between the magnets is also a constant value, which ensures the creation of a constant moment of resistance (constant load), regardless of the speed of rotation of the drive shaft. This allowed equally successful use of the device, both in high-speed and in low-speed power simulators with a cable drive.

The implementation of ring magnets with sector magnetization provides the creation of a pulsating mode of operation with a constant amplitude of the load, repeated through an angle equal to the angle of the sector of the ring magnet.

When the drive shaft is rotated by an angle equal to the angle of the sector of the ring magnets, the rotating ring magnet will be in the position when its poles are placed opposite the poles of the fixed magnets of the same name. In this position, axial forces are absent (load removed). With a further pole shift (shaft rotation), which occurs under the pulling force of the athlete, the repulsive ring magnet from the side of adjacent stationary ring magnets will simultaneously act as repulsive forces of unipolar poles and attractive forces of unlike poles, which together contributes to a faster rotation of the shaft and a disk mounted on it in a position where its poles will be placed opposite opposite poles of adjacent ring magnets, i.e. to the position where the application of force is again required to rotate the shaft.

Thus, the period of "unloading" is much shorter than the period of "load application". The position of the magnets when they are attracted to each other is stable, in contrast to the position with the orientation of the ring magnets to the same poles, and to bring the device out of this stable position, considerable effort is required. Therefore, in the aggregate of the prevailing influences, the proposed mechanism works to brake the shaft and create a load.

To change the dynamics of the load and smooth out the ripple on one drive shaft, two or more of the proposed devices can be placed, with each subsequent one being placed on the shaft with an angular displacement relative to the previous one.

The initial (initial) position of the device, when all the ring magnets of the brake mechanism are facing each other with opposite poles, corresponds to the maximum load created.

The magnitude of the generated load is carried out using an annular magnet installed in the housing with the ability to change its angular position, turning it by a certain angle not exceeding the magnitude of the angle of the sector of ring magnets. As a result of this rotation, the overlapping area of opposite, opposite poles (sectors) of the ring magnets is reduced, which helps to reduce the action of the attractive forces on the rotating magnet from one side and to reduce the load at the output of the device. The minimum load of the device corresponds to the rotation of the said ring magnet from its initial position by an angle equal to the angle of the sector.

The ability to change the angular position of the ring magnet can be realized by fixing it with a sleeve mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation within an angle equal to the angle of the sector of the ring magnet, and with the possibility of fixing its position.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, it comprises two ring magnets rigidly fixed to the shaft, placed on the sides of the ring magnet fixedly fixed in the housing. At the same time, ring magnets are placed on the other side of the rotating (fixed on the shaft) ring magnets, having the ability to change the angular position, which in this case is also two. Each of these magnets is fixed in a sleeve mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation within the angle equal to the angle of the sector of the ring magnet, made with the possibility of fixing its position, while the bushings are interconnected by a rigid connection. For ease of rotation of the bushings to said rigid coupling, a handle or lever may be fixed.

The preferred embodiment of the device eliminates axial loads on both shaft supports and the possibility of axial runout of the shaft during operation, thereby increasing the reliability and durability of the device, and also allows you to further increase the magnitude of the output load.

In the proposed device, the attractive forces between the ring magnets are quite large. Therefore, to facilitate the rotation of the bushings and reduce the applied forces, it is advisable to place one more ring magnet with axial sector magnetization on the outside from the ring magnets mounted with the possibility of changing the angular position, so-called auxiliary. The latter is rigidly fixed in the housing and oriented with the same poles to the adjacent ring magnet, which has the ability to change the angular position. The auxiliary magnet exerts a buoyant effect on the rotatable ring magnet, acting opposite to the attractive forces applied to the latter from the opposite side. As a result, the rotation of the extreme ring magnets to control the generated load force will be carried out with minimal application of forces.

In a specific example of the implementation of the device, the shaft rotation drive is made in the form of a winding drum with a cable connected to the shaft by means of an overrunning clutch and a spring return mechanism.

As magnets, the use of rare earth magnets is preferred.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by an example and drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a device, a general view, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is the same, cross section;

figure 3 - schematically the device in the maximum load position;

figure 4 - schematically the device in the minimum load position;

The implementation of the invention

The proposed device for creating a load includes a housing 1, in which a bearing shaft 4 is installed in the bearing supports 2 and 3 with a set of ring magnets 5-9 placed on it with axial multipolar sector magnetization.

Ring magnets 5-9 are characterized by the same even number of magnetic sectors with alternating axial direction of magnetization alternating from sector to sector. In the example implementation of the device (see figure 1, 2), each ring magnet has eight magnetic sectors. The number of sectors may be different, but will always be even.

Ring magnets 5-9 can be made in two ways: from a single workpiece by multi-pole axial sector magnetization or by assembling from separate permanent magnets in the form of a sector, assembled into a ring with alternating poles.

The device uses rare earth magnets, which are distinguished by high magnetic properties with their small size. Depending on the weight and its area, such a ring can create different attractive forces.

Ring magnets 6 and 8 are rigidly fixed on the shaft 4. Ring magnets 5, 7 and 9 are freely mounted on the shaft 4 (with a gap) and are fixed in the housing 1, and the magnet 7 is fixed rigidly and is stationary.

The fixing of the magnets in the housing can be carried out by means of bushings. The sleeves 10 and 11, by means of which the magnets 5 and 9 are fixed, are provided with ears 12 located in the holes 13 of the housing 1, which makes it possible to rotate the sleeves within an angle equal to the angle of the ring magnet sector, which for this example is 45 °. The bushings 10 and 11 are interconnected by means of a rigid connection 14, equipped with a lever 15, used as a handle for rotation, and a spring-loaded position lock 16, the finger of which is placed in the hole 17 of the scale 18 of the housing.

On the sides of the brake mechanism on the shaft 4 there are auxiliary ring magnets 19 and 20 with axial sector magnetization, made similar to ring magnets 5-9. The magnets 19 and 20 are rigidly fixed in the housing 1 and are oriented by the same poles to the magnets 5 and 9, respectively.

The rotation drive of the shaft 4 is made in the form of a winding drum 21 connected to the shaft 4 by means of an overrunning clutch 22 with a spring return mechanism. On the outer surface of the drum 21 is fixed one end of the cable-rod 23, the second end of which is connected to the grip 24 of the athlete.

The device operates as follows.

In the initial state of the device (see Figs. 1, 3), all the ring magnets 5-9 are placed on the shaft equally, with the same direction of axial magnetization in opposite sectors of the ring magnets. Each of the sectors mounted on the shaft of ring magnets 6 and 8 is opposed on both sides by opposite magnetic poles of adjacent ring magnets 5, 7 and 9, which are rigidly fixed in the housing. The forces of attraction act on the ring magnets 6 and 8 from two sides, preventing their rotation, counteracting the torque created on the shaft by the traction force of the athlete, which provides a load on the muscles of the athlete. The areas of the magnetic sectors (in the stationary state of the device) are completely covered. In this position, the device creates maximum load.

When stretching the winding cord 23, the overrunning clutch 22 enters into a rigid connection with the shaft 4, ensuring its rotation. Together with the shaft 4, ring magnets 6 and 8, rigidly fixed on it, rotate, while their magnetic sectors interact with the magnetic sectors of neighboring ring magnets (5, 7, 9), rigidly fixed in the housing, which ensures the creation of a pulsating load mode of resistance to rotation of the shaft 4 , with a predominance of "inhibitory" effect, preventing the extension of the cord 23.

The device is returned to its initial state with the cord 23 being rewound onto the drum 21 by means of a spring mechanism (not shown in the drawings). In this case, the freewheel disengages from rigid engagement with the shaft 4.

To change the magnitude of the load, the sleeves 10 and 11 are rotated with the ring magnets 5 and 9 fixed in them at an angle a. In the above example, the device provides for the possibility of discrete rotation of the bushings 10 and 11 within the angle from 0 to 45 °, for which several holes 17 are made on the scale 18, after a certain step. To rotate, remove the latch 16 from the hole and, holding it, shift the lever 15 to the desired angle, after which the latch 16 is released, and his finger enters the corresponding hole. The bushings 10 and 11 with magnets 5 and 9 are again rigidly fixed relative to the housing, the device is ready for operation.

When the sleeves 10 and 11 are rotated through an angle of 45 °, the magnetic sectors of the ring magnets 5 and 9 will be located opposite the same poles of the ring magnets 6 and 8, mounted on the shaft 4 (see figure 4). In this position, the ring magnets 6 and 8 will be affected by attractive forces on the one hand, from the side of the magnetic poles of the ring magnet 7 fixed in the housing, and on the other hand, the buoyant forces of the unipolar magnetic poles of the ring magnets 5 and 9. The braking load created by the device This position will be minimal.

By changing the angle of rotation of the bushings 10 and 11 with magnets fixed in them, the magnitude of the generated load is controlled.

Ring magnets 19 and 20 serve as compensators for the force applied to rotate the sleeves 10 and 11 with ring magnets. The action vector of the magnetic forces from the side of the magnets 19 and 20 is directed opposite to the forces acting on the ring magnets 5 and 9 from the side of the ring magnets 6 and 8, which helps to overcome the latter and reduce the forces applied to rotate.

The above example illustrates the preferred case of the device, but does not limit the possibility of using the proposed technical solution in devices with more or less ring magnets.

Claims (5)

1. A device for creating a load comprising a plurality of disks placed in a housing on a shaft with a central axial hole through which a shaft is passed, of which at least one disk is rigidly fixed to the shaft and placed between a pair of disks with multipolar sector magnetization fixed in case: one - motionless, and the other - with the ability to change the angular position, characterized in that all the disks are made in the form of identical ring magnets with axial sector magnetization and are initially facing each other rugu opposite poles. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the possibility of changing the angular position of the ring magnet is realized by fixing it with a sleeve mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation within an angle equal to the angle of the sector of the ring magnet, and with the possibility of fixing its position. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two ring magnets rigidly mounted on the shaft, located on the sides of a relatively fixed ring magnet in the housing, and accordingly, two ring magnets fixed with the possibility of changing the angular position, each of which fixed in a sleeve mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation within an angle equal to the angle of the sector of the ring magnet, and with the possibility of fixing its position, while the bushings are interconnected by a rigid connection. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains two auxiliary ring magnets with axial sector magnetization, fixedly mounted in the housing on the sides relative to the ring magnets, fixed with the possibility of changing the angular position, and oriented to the last poles of the same name. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft rotation drive is made in the form of a winding drum with a cable connected to the shaft by means of an overrunning clutch with a spring return mechanism.

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