RU2525787C1 - Liquid-propellant engine combustion chamber atomiser head - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed atomiser head has case and fire bottom with nozzles fitted thereat. Said nozzles have central tangential and shaped channels to communicate the cavities of components with combustion chamber. End face of outlet cross-section of atomiser central channel diverging part is located ahead of atomiser tangential channel orifices. Note here that ledge h between central and tangential channels does not exceed 20% of d where d is the atomiser tangential channel diameter.

EFFECT: higher combustion chamber efficiency and specific thrust pulse.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of rocket technology and can be used to create the nozzle heads of the combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines (LRE).

Currently, one of the main problems in creating a rocket engine is to obtain a high specific impulse of thrust by providing extremely high completeness of fuel combustion. The completeness of fuel combustion is provided, inter alia, by the organization of the onset of mixture formation directly in the nozzle cavity.

Known nozzle head of the combustion chamber of a liquid-propellant rocket engine of a closed system, comprising a housing and a fire plate with nozzles installed in them with central and tangential channels. The central channel is made profiled with a tapering input and expanding output parts with the formation of a minimum passage section at the place of their transition, while the end of the output section of the nozzle central channel is located in the area of the tangential channels, and the output part of the central channel forms a visor above the tangential channels (US Pat. No. 2231668, application No. 2003103417/06 of 02/02/2003).

This solution provides a high degree of mixture formation at various engine operating modes by providing a more uniform distribution of the generator gas flow rate over the nozzles and more intensive mixing with the liquid component in the nozzle mixing chambers, but requires an nozzle and, accordingly, nozzle head with a long nozzle length behind the enlarged mixing chamber.

The objective of the invention is to ensure high efficiency of the combustion chamber and the specific impulse of thrust with minimum axial dimensions of the nozzle head by ensuring the minimum length of the chamber for mixing gas and liquid component in the nozzle.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the nozzle head of the LRE combustion chamber containing the body and the firing base with nozzles installed in them having a central profiled (with tapering inlet and expanding outlet parts with the formation of a minimum passage section at the point of their transition) and tangential channels, according to According to the invention, the end section of the outlet section of the expanding part of the central channel of the nozzle is located in front of the holes of the tangential channel of the nozzle, and the step h between the central and tangential the analogs is in the range 0-20% d, where d is the diameter of the tangential channel of the nozzle.

The lower limit of this ratio is chosen based on the fact that it provides the earliest interaction of the gas and the liquid component in the mixing chamber of the nozzle and, accordingly, its minimum length. However, reliable cooling of the tangential channel of the nozzle may not be ensured.

The upper limit of the specified ratio is selected based on the fact that with its further increase there is a significant increase in the overall dimensions of the nozzle and, accordingly, the nozzle head.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows an axial section of the proposed nozzle head of the combustion chamber of the rocket engine, figure 2 is an axial section of a nozzle.

The main elements of the proposed nozzle head are:

1 - housing;

2 - fire bottom;

3 - nozzle;

4 - cylinder;

5 - cylinder;

6 - cavity of the oxidizing agent;

7 - a cavity of fuel;

8 - the central channel;

9 - openings of the tangential channel;

10 - mixing chamber;

11 - tapering inlet;

12 - minimum flow area;

13 - expanding part;

14 - end face of the output section;

h - ledge between the central and tangential channels;

d is the diameter of the tangential channel of the nozzle.

The nozzle head is a brazed-welded structure comprising a housing 1 with a fire bottom 2, in which nozzles 3 are installed, consisting of hollow cylinders 4 and 5. In the housing 1, an oxidizer cavity 6 is made on the input side, and on the other side between the bottom of the housing 1 and the firing bottom 2 is a fuel cavity 7.

In the nozzles 3, a central 8 and tangential channels 9 are made, connecting the component cavities with the cavity of the mixing chamber 10 formed at the transition point of the cylinder 4 into the cylinder 5. The central channel 8 of the nozzle 3 is made profiled with a tapering inlet part 11, a minimum passage section 12 and an expanding part 13. The end face 14 of the output section of the expanding part of the Central channel of the nozzle is located in front of the holes 9 of the tangential channel of the nozzle.

The proposed nozzle head operates as follows.

In the cavity of the oxidizer block 6, located in the housing 1, oxidizing generator gas is supplied and distributed to the nozzles 3. The generator gas, having passed through the minimum passage section 12, is forced to expand and the mixing chamber 10 of the nozzle 3 enters. The cavity of the mixing chamber 10 of the nozzle 3 is fuel enters through the tangential channels 9 located behind the end 14 of the output section of the central channel 8, and forms a thin film of liquid pressed against the wall of the nozzle 3 by centrifugal forces. The oxidizing generator gas in the mixing chamber 10 interacts with the annular sheet of fuel inside the nozzle 3. Due to the fact that the end 14 of the output section of the expanding part of the central channel of the nozzle is located in front of the holes 9 of the tangential channel of the nozzle, and the ledge between the central and tangential channels is made minimally necessary, it provides more intensive interaction of oxidizing generator gas and fuel, as well as a smaller linear dimension of the nozzle head and, accordingly, is minimal mass and chamber dimensions, but compared with a nozzle having a canopy over the tangential channels formed by the output portion of the central channel.

The execution of the output section of the expanding part of the central nozzle channel in front of the holes of the tangential channel of the nozzle and the ledge between the central and tangential channels with the indicated geometric dimensions will allow for the most complete mixing of the components, obtain high-quality mixture formation, increase the specific thrust impulse of the rocket engine and reduce the axial dimensions of the nozzle head and chamber.

Claims (1)

The nozzle head of the LRE combustion chamber, comprising a housing and a fire plate with nozzles installed therein, having a central profiled and tangential channels connecting the component cavities with the combustion chamber cavity, characterized in that the end section of the expanding part of the central nozzle channel is located in front of the nozzle tangential channel openings , and the step h between the central and tangential channels is not more than 20% d, where d is the diameter of the tangential channel of the nozzle.

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