RU2480609C1 - Coaxial spray injector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: coaxial spray injector includes a tubular housing with the main axial channel, which has an axial inlet and outlet, as well as a blind tube fixed at least on one pylon coaxially to the housing inside it, which is made as an integral part of the pylon and the tubular housing. An inlet through hole is made in the pylon, which is spread along the pylon from outer surface of the injector to the axial duct in the blind tube on the side of its blind end. The blind tube duct is formed on the outlet side with its blind axial duct and on the inlet side with an inlet through hole in the pylon. The main axial duct of the tubular housing on the outlet side is made so that it has stepped change of a flow passage. Stepped change of the flow passage is made so that the flow passage of the housing reduces from pylons to the outlet part mainly in the form of one confuser. A sleeve is installed on the outlet part of the tubular housing so that an annular cavity, in which screw channels are arranged, is formed between outer surface of the above housing and inner surface of the sleeve. On the side of the axial inlet of the tubular housing there made is an adjustment element in the form of a chamfer provided with possibility of changing its geometrical parameters during adjustment. Tubular housing is split-type. On outer surface of the blind tube, which is arranged in outlet part of the tubular housing, there made are pylons interacting with their outlet part to inner surface of the tubular housing; at that, longitudinal axes of the above pylons are installed at an angle to longitudinal axis of the injector. Ducts are made in the pylons, the inlet part of which is connected to the cavity of the blind tube, and the outlet part of which is connected to the annular cavity formed with the tubular housing and the blind tube. Axes of ducts in the pylons are located opposite to the direction of axes of screw channels in annular cavity between sleeve and external surface of the tubular housing. Blind tube is split-type and consists of a pylon part and a tip; at that, a jet nozzle is installed at their interface point; blind tube is fixed coaxially to the housing inside it on two radially directed pylons, which are equally spaced in a circumferential direction, inside each of which there arranged are two transverse inlet through holes relative to the injector axis, the blind tube is fixed inside the housing on two radially directed pylons, which are equally spaced in a circumferential direction, inside each of which there arranged are two transverse inlet through holes relative to the injector axis; injector is split-type and consists of two parts, inlet and outlet ones, which are tightly attached with a weld; the tubular housing is equipped at least with one annular swelling.

EFFECT: improving the economy of the working process at operation of the injector both as three-component, and two-component.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of power plants, and in particular to devices for mixing and sawing fuel components, and can be used in the development of nozzles and mixing heads of liquid rocket engines (LRE).

The basis of the invention is the implementation of the mixture formation, which consists in the fact that from the nozzle into the firing space of the combustion chamber there is an annular jet of oxidizing medium, inside which there is a jet of fuel, and the ring jet of fuel is also surrounded by a stream of oxidizing medium.

It is advisable that both the normal nozzle and the nozzle protrude into the firing space of the combustion chamber, which is most often intended to form anti-pulsation baffles in the firing space of the combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines.

The need to develop such nozzles is dictated by the feasibility of improving mixture formation in the combustion chamber, in particular to increase the specific impulse of thrust of engines running on two components, and the need to create three-component nozzles for liquid rocket engines that use three fuel components.

In the case of the use of two-component fuel in the proposed nozzles, an oxidizing gas-generating gas is used as the oxidizing medium, and the same fuel is used in both of the jets surrounding it.

In the case of the use of three-component fuel (one oxidizer and two different components of the fuel), the gas-generating oxidizing gas is used as the oxidizing medium, one of the components of the fuel goes in the outer ring stream, and the other in the inner one.

From the analysis of the prior art, two-component nozzles with a blind axial channel and tangential through holes extending from the outer surface of the nozzle to the intersection with this axial channel are known. Such a nozzle is the nozzle of the combustion chamber of liquid rocket engines RD-107, RD-108 (see, for example, the encyclopedia "Cosmonautics", Moscow, 1985, p. 426, paragraph "nozzle head"). This nozzle is taken as an analogue of the invention.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that it cannot use the third component of fuel, and also that it has a reserve for improving mixture formation and increasing the specific thrust of a liquid propellant rocket engine.

From the analysis of the prior art, a gas-liquid two-component jet-jet nozzle of the RD-253 liquid propellant rocket engine is also known (see textbook for high schools, authors G.G. Gakhun, V.I. Baulin, V.A. Volodin, etc. "Design and Engineering liquid rocket engines. "M., 1989, p. 136, Fig. 7.14, item 1). This nozzle is also taken as an analogue.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that it cannot use the third fuel component, and in addition, this nozzle has a reserve for improving mixture formation and increasing the specific thrust of liquid propellant rocket engines running on two-component fuel.

Known nozzles forming the anti-pulsation partitions of the SSME engine head (see G. G. Gakhun, V. I. Baulin, V. A. Volodin and others. "Design and construction of liquid rocket engines". M., 1989, p. 135, fig. 7.12, item 3). These nozzles are two-component, extended by their output into the firing space of the combustion chamber of a liquid rocket engine. We accept this nozzle as an analogue of inventions.

Known gas-liquid nozzle of the mixing head of an oxygen-hydrogen engine (see G. G. Gakhun, V. I. Baulin, V. A. Volodin and others. "Design and construction of liquid rocket engines." M., 1989, p. 136, Fig. 7.13, item 2). The nozzle contains a tubular body having an axial inlet and outlet with an axial channel and a blind tube coaxially fixed inside the housing, made integrally with the pylon and the tubular body. The pylons are provided with through holes extending along the pylon from the outer surface of the nozzle to the axial channel in the blind pipe from the side of its blind end, while the channel of the blind pipe is formed from the exit side by its blind axial channel, and from the input side by input through holes in the pylon.

The disadvantage is that there is a reserve for improving mixture formation and increasing the specific impulse of the engine thrust, and in addition, the third fuel component cannot be used in it.

Known fuel nozzle of a combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine containing an axial inlet and outlet tubular body with a main axial channel, and also at least on one pylon a blind tube fixed coaxially to the body inside it, made integrally with the pylon and the tubular body, moreover, the pylon is made at least one inlet through hole extending along the pylon from the outer surface of the nozzle to the axial channel in the blind pipe from the side of its blind end, the channel of the blind pipe is formed from the side they exit by a blind axial channel, and from the entrance side by an input through hole in the pylon, while the main axial channel of the tubular body on the output side is made with a stepwise expansion, into which through holes extending tangentially with respect to the nozzle axis are directed, extending from the outside of the nozzle surface to the intersection with the main axial channel (RF Patent No. 2232916, IPC F02K 9/52 - prototype).

In the said fuel injector, the oxidizing agent is supplied in the form of a continuous stream through a tubular body with a tip, and the fuel through the annular gaps between the tubular body and the oxidizing tube.

The main disadvantages of this nozzle is that the nozzle does not have tuning elements for adjusting the nozzle along the line of fuel and oxidizer at a given flow rate, which leads to an off-design ratio of components and loss of specific impulse of thrust. In addition, the kerosene cavity in the nozzle is used only in the engine operating mode on the oxygen-kerosene-hydrogen components, on which the engine runs for a fairly short time. When the engine is running on oxygen-kerosene components in the second and subsequent stages, this embodiment of the nozzle outlet leads to significant losses in economy, comparable in some cases to the gain from using the third component of the fuel, which has a higher density, in the first stage mode.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and the creation of a nozzle, the use of which will provide increased efficiency of the working process when the nozzle is operated as a three-component, on oxygen-kerosene-hydrogen fuel components, or as a two-component, on oxygen-hydrogen fuel components ".

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the proposed coaxial-jet nozzle containing an axial inlet and outlet tubular body with a main axial channel, as well as at least one pylon, a blind tube fixed coaxially to the body inside it, made in one piece with the pylon and at least one inlet through hole extending along the pylon from the outer surface of the nozzle to the axial channel in the blind pipe from the side of its blind end, the channel being blind the second tube is formed from the outlet side by a blind axial channel, and from the entry side by an input through hole in the pylon, while the main axial channel of the tubular body from the exit side is made with a stepwise change in the bore, according to the invention, a step change in the bore of the tubular body by reducing the passage section of the said housing from the pylons to the output part, mainly in the form of a single confuser, while parallel The nozzle axis has through holes extending from the outside of the nozzle to the main axial channel, from the side of the axial inlet of the tubular body there is a tuning element in the form of a chamfer made with the possibility of changing its geometric parameters during adjustment, the tubular body is made detachable on the outer surface a blind tube located in the output part of the tubular body, made pylons interacting with its output part with the inner surface of the tubular body, and the longitudinal axes of the said pylons are installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, while in the pylons channels are made, the inlet part of which is connected to the cavity of the blind tube, and the output - to the annular cavity formed by the tubular body and the blind tube, the axes of the said channels in the pylons being opposite the direction of the axis of the screw channels in the annular cavity between the sleeve and the outer surface of the tubular body, while the blind tube is made detachable, consisting of a pylon part and a tip, and in Este their joint installed jet.

In an embodiment, the blind tube is fixed coaxially to the body inside it on two pylons radially directed and equally spaced around the circumference, inside each of which two inlet through holes are transverse relative to the axis of the nozzle.

In an embodiment, the tubular nozzle body is made of two parts, an inlet and an outlet, hermetically connected by a weld, the pylons being located in its outlet part.

In an embodiment, the tubular body is provided with at least one annular thickening.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows an axial longitudinal section of the proposed coaxial-jet nozzle, Fig. 2 is an extension element A with an image of the nozzle outlet on an enlarged scale, Fig. 3 is a transverse section BB of the nozzle outlet .

The main elements of the proposed nozzle are:

1 - tubular body;

2 - main axial channel;

3 - pylon;

4 - a blind tube

5 - through hole;

6 - axial channel;

7 - confuser;

8 - sleeve;

9 - an annular cavity;

10 - screw channels;

11 - tuning element;

12 - pylons;

13 - channels;

14 - input part of the channels;

15 - the output part of the channels;

16 - annular cavity;

17 - pylon part of the tube;

18 - tip;

19 - jet.

The coaxial-jet nozzle comprises a tubular body 1 having an axial inlet and outlet with a main axial channel 2, and also on at least one pylon 3, a blind tube 4 coaxially fixed to the casing inside it, made in one piece with the pylon 3 and the tubular casing 1. B the pylon 3 has at least one inlet through hole 5 extending along the pylon 3 from the outer surface of the nozzle to the axial channel 6 in the blind tube 4 from the side of its blind end. The axial channel 6 of the blind tube 4 is formed on the exit side by its blind axial channel, and on the entrance side by an inlet through hole in the pylon. The main axial channel 2 of the tubular body 1 on the output side is made with a stepwise change in the bore. A stepwise change in the bore of the tubular casing 1 is made with a decrease in the bore of the casing 1 from the pylons to the output part in the form of one confuser 7. A sleeve 8 is installed on the output of the tubular body 1 with the formation of an annular cavity 9 between the outer surface of the housing 1 and the inner surface of the sleeve 8, in which the screw channels are placed 10. On the side of the axial inlet of the tubular body 1, a tuning element 11 is made in the form of a chamfer made with the possibility of changing its geometric parameters when adjusting yke. The tubular body 1 is made detachable. On the outer surface of the blind tube 4, located in the output part of the tubular body 1, made pylons 12, interacting with their outer surface with the inner surface of the tubular body 1. The longitudinal axis of the said pylons 12 are installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle. In the pylons 12, channels 13 are made, the inlet part 14 of which is connected to the cavity of the tube 4, and the outlet 15 is connected to the annular cavity 16 formed by the tubular body 1 and the blind tube 4. The blind tube 4 is detachable, consisting of the pillar part 17 and the tip 18, moreover, at the junction of their jets installed 19. The direction of the screw channels 10 is made in the opposite direction of the installation angle of the pylons 12.

The proposed nozzle operates as follows.

The first fuel, mainly hydrogen or products of its combustion, is supplied through the axial channel 2 of the housing 1 to the pylons 12. Passing the pylons 12, the fuel jet acquires a rotational movement and enters the combustion chamber. The nozzle is adjusted to a predetermined flow rate of the first fuel by changing the geometric dimensions of the tuning element 11, made in the form of a chamfer.

The second fuel, mainly kerosene, is fed into the annular cavity 9 formed by the sleeve 8 and the outer surface of the tubular body 1, passes through the screw grooves between the screw channels 10, acquires a rotational movement and is fed into the combustion chamber.

The oxidizing agent is fed into the blind tube 4 of the tubular body 1 through the hole 5. From the cavity of the blind tube 4, it flows through the axial channel 6 towards the combustion chamber. The nozzle is adjusted for a given oxidizer flow rate by changing the geometric dimensions of the tuning element 19, made in the form of a nozzle. In the region of pylons 12, part of the oxidizer flow enters the inlet part 14 of the channels 13, passes through them and enters from the outlet part 15 of these channels 13 into the first fuel stream supplied through the annular cavity between the tip 18 and the tubular body and the inner surface of the tubular body 1. Beyond due to the location of the axes of the pylons 12 at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, part of the flow rate of the oxidizer supplied through the channels 13 acquires a rotational movement, which leads to an improvement in the conditions of mixture formation. In addition, the selection of part of the flow rate of the oxidizer to the channels 13 allows to reduce the flow coming through the axial channel 6 of the deaf tube 4, which allows to reduce the length of the non-decaying part of the main stream of the oxidizer and thereby improve the conditions of its decay. Due to the fact that the direction of the screw channels 10 is made in the opposite direction to the installation angle of the pylons 12, there is additional mixing of the second fuel jet entering the combustion chamber in the form of a cone rotating in one direction, with a similar cone of the additional oxidizer part rotating in the opposite direction . Such a supply of fuel components can improve the conditions of mixture formation.

Using the proposed technical solution will allow for increased efficiency of the working process when the nozzle is operated as a three-component, on oxygen-kerosene-hydrogen fuel components, or as a two-component, on oxygen-hydrogen fuel components.

Claims (4)

1. Coaxial-jet nozzle containing a tubular housing having an axial inlet and outlet with a main axial channel, and also at least on one pylon a blind tube coaxially fixed to the housing inside it, made in one piece with the pylon and the tubular housing, moreover, the pylon is made at least one inlet through hole extending along the pylon from the outer surface of the nozzle to the axial channel in the blind pipe from the side of its blind end, while the channel of the blind pipe is formed from the exit side of it by a blind axial channel, and on the input side, through the input hole in the pylon, while the main axial channel of the tubular body on the output side is made with a stepwise change in the bore, characterized in that the stepwise change in the bore of the tubular body is made with a decrease in the bore of the casing from the pylons to the output predominantly in the form of a single confuser, with a sleeve mounted on the output of the tubular body with the formation between the outer surface of the said housing and the surface of the sleeve of the annular cavity in which the screw channels are located, from the side of the axial inlet of the tubular body, a tuning element is made in the form of a chamfer made with the possibility of changing its geometric parameters during adjustment, the tubular body is made detachable, on the outer surface of the blind tube located in the output part of the tubular housing, made pylons, interacting with its output part with the inner surface of the tubular body, and the longitudinal axis of the said pylons are installed at an angle the nozzle longitudinal axis, while in the pylons channels are made, the inlet part of which is connected to the cavity of the blind tube, and the output is connected to the annular cavity formed by the tubular body and the blind tube, and the axes of the said channels in the pylons are located opposite to the direction of the axes of the screw channels in the annular cavity between sleeve and the outer surface of the tubular body, while the blind tube is made detachable, consisting of a pylon part and a tip, with a nozzle installed at the junction. 2. The coaxial-jet nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the blind tube is coaxially fixed to the housing inside it on two pylons radially directed and equally spaced around the circumference, inside each of which there are two inlet openings transverse with respect to the axis of the nozzle. 3. Coaxial-jet nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of two parts, input and output, hermetically connected by a weld, and the pylons are located in its output part. 4. Coaxial-jet nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular body is equipped with at least one annular thickening.

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