RU2524701C1 - Method of ore flotation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method of flotation extraction of platinum group metals from ores or cakes of pyrrotine leaching with application of flotation reagents-collectors. Mixes of organic compounds are used as flotation reagents wit definite experimental computer parameters: dipole-dipole interaction should -2.7717 to 0.4956, ј Van der Waals interaction from 2.2390 to 8.8701, not ј Van der Waals interaction from -0.3746 to 1.7483, flexure of valence angles from 2.4600 to 3.1866, stretching of valence bonds from 0.2580 to 0.7430 and steric energy from 6.1198 to 8.6639 ccal/mol.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of flotation and selection of reagents.

4 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing, in particular to the selection of flotation reagents for flotation of ores.

A known method for the concentration of sulfide ores, in which in addition to the main sulfhydryl collector add a reagent that reduces the floatability of minerals [Patent 2379116 C1. The flotation method of sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals. Bocharov V.A., Ignatkina V.A. and other publ. 01/20/2010, Bull. No. 2].

The disadvantage of this method is that the selection of reagents is carried out without sufficient scientific justification.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method consisting in the use of combinations of collectors in the flotation of refractory ores of non-ferrous metals [Ignatkina V.A. Development of the theory of selectivity of collector combinations during the flotation of refractory non-ferrous ores. Abstract. Moscow. NATU MISiS, 2011; “Mountain Information and Analytical Bulletin” 2006. No. 12. S.334-340. Art. Ignatkina V.A., Bocharov V.A. “Basic principles for the selection of selective collectors for flotation of minerals with similar flotation properties”].

The disadvantage is that the combination of reagents is determined as a result of lengthy experimental work and the mixture is determined from the already known reagents. The creation of a reagent composition, as a rule, cannot be quantified, and in order to achieve good selection during the flotation of polymetallic ores, three factors must be used:

- the chemical activity of the collector (bond strength of its terminal group with the cation of the floated mineral);

- dispersion interaction of hydrocarbon chains;

- action of modifiers (depressors and activators).

This path has practically exhausted itself, because the number of described and studied groups does not exceed ten.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency in the selection of reagent composites.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the developed method consists in ensuring the selection of reagent composites for the maximum extraction of valuable components based on computer technology and chemical programs.

It is proposed to compose compositions based on modern concepts and quantum-chemical calculations using chemical programs.

We used the Chem Bio 3D program of the specialized complex Chem Office of Cambridge Soft Corporation for computer simulation of reagents. Computer data was obtained after minimizing MM2. The basis for calculating the potential energy of a molecule or a set of molecules as an ensemble of atoms is an additive scheme in which the total potential energy of the system is represented as the sum of pairwise interactions of individual atoms or atomic groups.

The Chem Bio 3D program uses an extended and modified version of the MM2 field. The tensile energy of valence bonds in the force field MM2 is calculated in the harmonic approximation. The values of these parameters were calculated by Elinger for various pairs of atoms, such as С-С, С-Н, С-O, and others, based on the processing of experimental data on vibrational spectra. The values of the strain of valence angles are calculated for various groups of atoms, such as С-С-С, С-О-С, С-С-Н. For each triple of atoms, the equilibrium value of the angle depends on what other central atom is connected. The bending-tension correction takes into account a change in bond length with a change in the valence angle.

As a function of the force field for the energy of van der Waals interactions, the Chem Bio 3D program uses the 6-exp potential, which includes power and exponential terms. The power function describes the attraction of atoms at large distances, and the exponential function describes repulsion at close distances. When calculating the energy of the van der Waals interactions, the program separately calculates the sums for two groups of atoms: a group of atoms separated by three valence bonds, and a group of atoms separated by more than three valence bonds or generally belonging to different molecules. The first group is called ¼ van der Waals interactions, the second, respectively, is not ¼ van der Waals interactions.

The dipole moment (DM) of a molecule characterizes the electrical properties of a molecule as a system of charged particles. In polar molecules, a constant (intrinsic) D.M. equal to the product of the distance between the "centers of gravity" of positive and negative charges by their value and is directed (conditionally) from a negative charge to a positive one.

Each chemical bond in a molecule is more or less polar in nature, which depends on various effective charges of the bond atoms, and therefore, a certain D.M. The study of D.M. chemical bonding allows us to judge the possible configurations and comformations of molecules.

A comparison was made of the method of flotation of ores with the method selected as a prototype.

The developed method allows you to pre-select composites of reagents for maximum metal recovery. For this, the basic computer parameters of the total steric energy of a number of flotation reagents, the distribution of electron density (charge) on individual atoms, the van der Waals and dipole interactions are determined, molecular orbitals are constructed, and their level energy is calculated.

Below are the calculations of the necessary composition for maximum extraction of platinum group metals (PGM) from ores. Table 1 presents the flotation reagents that are used in the flotation of these ores, and their computer parameters.

Table 1 Used flotation reagents for flotation of PGM ores and their computer parameters Options Reagents Diisobutyl DTFIN Iteration 255 Butyl K × H Iteration 29 Dibutyl DT FN Iteration 371 DMDTS Iteration 34 Stretching valence bonds 0.6893 0.4636 0.7430 0.2580 Bending Valets 2.8914 2.4632 2.4600 3.1866 Bend-Tensile Corrections 0.2397 0.1929 0.2760 0.1398 Internal rotation 2.6206 0.0073 -0.1800 1.3200 Not ¼ van der Waals interaction -3.0632 -0.3746 -3.1752 1.7483 ¼ van der Waals interaction 4.3302 5.1176 8.8701 2.2390 Dipole / dipole interaction 0.4956 0.4152 -0.3299 -2.7717 Total steric energy, kcal / mol : 8.2853 8.6639 6.1198 8.2036 Δ - Molecular weight 210.34 150.26 242.34 121.22 G / t ratio: M 50 / 210.34 = 0.238 120 / 150.26 = 0.799 70 / 242.34 = 0.289 100 / 121.22 = 0.825

Note: diisobutyl dithiophosphinic acid (Diisobutyl DTFIN), butyl xanthic acid (Butyl K × H), dibutyl dithiophosphoric acid (Dibutyl DTPN), dimethyldithiocarbamic acid (DMDTS).

The reagents used are characterized by: almost the same

energy, stretching of valence bonds, bending of valence angles. For Diisobutyl DTFIN, Butyl K × H, dipole / dipole interactions are almost the same.

 The parameters differ:

- for Diisobutyl DTFIN internal rotation 2.6206;

- for Butyl K × H not ¼ van der Waals interaction –0.3746;

- for Dibutyl DTPP ¼ van der Waals interaction 8.8701, dipole / dipole interaction 0.3299, as well as a charge on phosphorus and protons.

Example 1. For flotation of MPG from the pyrrhotite leach cake, the following reagents were used: potassium butyl xanthate (Butyl K × K) in combination with dibutyl dithiophosphate (DibutylDTPH) and AeroPhine 3418A- reagent (50% solution of diisobutyl dithiophosphine Sodium Diisobuti Inc. Industriesutisutisutis Inc.).

The consumption of flotation reagents was as follows: 120 g / t Butyl K × K, 70 g / t DibutylDTFN and 100 g / t Diisobutyl DTFIN (50 g / t sodium phosphinate), i.e. ratio 120: 70: 50. or with respect to Diisobutyl DTFIN 1: 1.4 DibutylDTFN: 2.4 Butyl K × K.

The coefficients are determined by multiplying the computer parameters by the consumption of reagents expressed in moles. Accept parameters:

- not ¼ van der Waals interaction,

- ¼ van der Waals interaction;

Dipole / dipole interaction.

For Diisobutyl DTFIN: 0.238x × -3.0632 + 0.238 × 4.3302 + 0.238 × 0.4956 = 0.419

: -0.73 + 1.031 + 0.118 = 0.419

For Butyl K × K: 0.799 × -0.3746 + 0.799 × 5.1176 + 0.799 × 0.4152 = 4.121

: -0.3 + 4.089 + 0.332 = 4.121

For Dibutyl DTFN: 0.289 × -3.1752 + 0.289 × 8.8701 + 0.289 × -0.3299 = 1.55

: -0.918 + 2.563 -0.095 = 1.55

∑ = 0.419 + 4.121 + 1.55 = 6.09

When extracting PGM about 81.0%, the proposed ratio is 6.09

Coefficients for stretching valence bonds:

For Diisobutyl DTFIN 0.6893 × 0.238 = 0.164 Butyl K × N 0.4636 × 0.799 = 0.37 Dibutyl DTPF 0.7430 × 0.289 = 0.215

Coefficients for bending valence angles:

Diisobutyl DTFIN 2.8914 × 0.238 = 0.688 Butyl K × N 2.4632 × 0.799 = 1.968 Dibutyl DTPF 2.4600 × 0.289 = 0.711

∑ = 0.749 + 3.367 = 4.116

Example 2. For copper-nickel MPG-containing ore, the following reagents were used: diisobutyl DTFIN m.v. 210.34 consumption 10.20.30 g / t; Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTS) m.v. 121.22 consumption of 100 g / t; Butyl K × N m.v. 150.26 consumption of 10 g / t [5].

At this rate, the number of moles of reagents:

Diisobutyl DTFIN: 10 / 210.34 = 0.048; 20 / 210.34 = 0.0952; 30 / 210.34 = 0.143 Butyl K × H 10 g / t: 10 / 150.26 = 0.067

Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTS) 100 / 121.22 = 0.825

The coefficient taking into account computer parameters will be:

for Diisobutyl DTFIN: 0.048 × -3.0632 + 0.048 × 4.3302 + 0.048 × 0.4956 = 0.085

: -0.147 + 0.208 + 0.024 = 0.085

for Diisobutyl DTFIN: 0.0952 × -3.0632 + 0.0952 × 4.3302 + 0.0952 × 0.4956 = 0.167

: -0.292 + 0.412 + 0.047 = 0.167

for Diisobutyl DTFIN: 0.143 × -3.0632 + 0.143 × 4.3302 + 0.143 × 0.4956 = 0.252

: -0.438 + 0.619 + 0.071 = 0.252

for Butyl K × H: 0.0666 × -0.3746 + 0.0666 × 5.1176 + 0.0666 × 0.4152 = 0.3507

: -0.0250 + 0.3408 + 0.0277 = 0.3507

for DMDTS: 0.825 × 2.2390 + 0.825 × 1.7483 + 0.825 × -2.7717 = 1.002

: 1,847 + 1,442-2,287 = 1,002

It was experimentally found that with Diisobutyl DTFIN 10 g / t - extraction of PT-71.28; Pd-85.85; with Diisobutyl DTFIN 20 g / t extraction Pt-81.85; Pd-90.18; with Diisobutyl DTFIN 30 g / t recovery of Pt-81.44; Pd-92.41.

The coefficient is determined for:

1) 0.085 + 0.3507 + 1.002 = 0.085 + 1.3527 = 1.4377; at 10 g / t recovery Pt-71.28; Pd-85.85;

2) 0.167 + 0.3507 + 1.002 = 1.5197; at 20 g / t recovery Pt-81.85; Pd-90.18;

3) 0.252 + 0.3507 + 1.002 = 1.6047; at 30 g / t recovery Pt-81.44; Pd-92.41.

For maximum PGM extraction, a coefficient in the range 1.5197-1.6047.

Total energy of flotation reagents:

At a rate of 10 g / t: 8.2036 × 0.085 = 0.697 + 8.2853 × 0.0666 (0.552) + 6.1198 × 0.825 (5.049) = 6.298

At a flow rate of 20 g / t: 8.2036 × 0.0952 = 0.781 + 0.552 + 5.049 = 6.382

At a rate of 30 g / t: 8.2036 × 0.143 = 1.173 + 0.552 + 5.049 = 6.774

The method is as follows. A molecular model is constructed for the reagents used in flotation. Then, energy minimization is performed using the MM2 option and computer parameters are determined. Given the required reagent consumption and computer parameters, the coefficient for the flotation of ores containing PGMs is determined.

This method allows you to create a composite of flotation reagents for maximum extraction of PGM from copper-nickel ores and cake leaching pyrrhotite.

Claims (4)

1. Method of ore flotation by extraction of platinum group metals from ores or pyrrhotite leach cakes using a mixture of collectors, characterized in that mixtures of organic compounds with certain experimental computer parameters are used as flotation reagents, the dipole / dipole interaction of which should be between -2 , 7717 to 0.4956, ¼ van der Waals interaction in the range from 2.2390 to 8.8701, non ¼ van der Waals interaction from -0.3746 to 1.7483, bending of valence angles from 2.4600 up to 3.1866, stretched it valence bonds from 0.2580 to 0.7430 and the magnitude of steric energy from 6.1198 to 8.6639 kcal / mol. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the flotation reagents of the mixture is determined by the sum of the coefficients 6.09, established taking into account the computer parameters and the flow rate of the reagents during the flotation of platinum group metals from the pyrrhotite leach cakes, while the coefficient for diisobutyl dithiophosphinic acid is 0.419, for dibutyl dithiophosphoric acid, the coefficient is 1.55 and for butyl xanthic acid, the coefficient is 4.121. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the flotation reagents of the mixture for the maximum extraction of platinum group metals from copper-nickel ores is determined by the sum of the coefficients in the range of 1.5197-1.6047. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the flotation reagents of the mixture, stretching of valence bonds from 0.4636 to 0.7430; the bending of valence angles is from 2.4600 to 2.8914, and the coefficient for stretching valence bonds is 0.749, and the coefficient of bending of valence angles is 3.367, and the total steric energy of the composite varies from 6.298 to 6.774 kcal / mol.