RU2523736C1 - Measurement of dihedral angles at mirror-prismatic elements and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: this process is implemented with the help of device comprising turn table, autocollimator with transit line perpendicular to turn table turn axis, controlled regular polygon with its axis aligned with that of turn table turn. Fixed table supports first angular mirror with the angle between reflection faces equal to that between polygon adjacent faces, polygon first face being perpendicular to autocollimator transit line. Edge formed by reflection faces is parallel with turn table rotation axis. Flat removal mirror is fitted at first position perpendicular to said transit line. Device comprises three periscopes and second angular mirror with the angle between faces equal to half the working central angle of polygon. First periscope creates optical communication of autocollimator with polygon first faces and angular mirror. Second periscope, second angular mirror and third periscope are arranged serially to create optical communication of autocollimator with polygon adjacent face and second face of the first angular mirror. Flat removal mirror at second position stays parallel with polygon adjacent face and second face of the first angular mirror and is located between them and third periscope.

EFFECT: higher reliability and accuracy, simple design.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to measuring technique and can be used for high-precision control of dihedral angles of mirror-prism elements (ZPE).

There is a method of measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prism elements (ZEI) and a device for its implementation (Electronic textbook on the subject "Applied Optics". Theoretical and physical foundations of the device OP. Author: Mitrofanov SS (SPbSU ITMO) chap. 4, section 3, subsection 4, paragraph 4 "Goniometers", http://de.ifmo.ru/bk_netra.).

The method consists in the fact that a beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed to the face of the controlled regular multifaceted prism, and the angular position of the face is determined from the brand's autocollimation image, the prism is subsequently rotated around its axis by the value of the prism working angle, the beam of parallel rays is again directed to the next face of the controlled multifaceted prisms and the autocollimation image of the brand determine the angular position of the subsequent face, the operation is repeated for all faces at we get the values of angular positions of the autocollimator image of the brand from all the faces of the prism.

A device for implementing this method comprises a rotary table with a circular reading device, an autocollimator, whose axis is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the table, the base on which they are located, and a controlled regular polyhedral prism placed on the rotary table, with the possibility of rotation with the table together, that its axis is aligned with the axis of rotation of the table, and one of the faces is oriented perpendicular to the axis of the autocollimator in front of its entrance window.

However, the implementation of this method requires an expensive high-precision goniometer or a reference regular multifaceted prism. Moreover, the accuracy of the method is primarily limited by the accuracy of the circular reading device (limb, circular angle sensor or the accuracy of the standard).

Closest to the claimed method for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prism elements and a device for its implementation are the method and device for its implementation (RF patent No. 2431801, IPC G01B 11/26).

The method consists in the fact that the first part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is directed to the face of the controlled regular multifaceted prism and the angular position of this face is determined from the brand's autocollimation image, while the second part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is directed to the first face of the corner mirror and according to the autocollimation image of the brand from this face determine the angular position of the face, sequentially rotate the prism around its axis by the value of the working angle of the prism, again l direct the first part of the beam of parallel rays to the next face of the controlled multifaceted prism and determine the angular position of the next face from the autocollimation image of the brand, simultaneously direct the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator to the first face of the corner mirror and determine the angular position of this face from the autocollimation image of the brand facets, then the first and second parts of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator are sent to a flat removable mirror and along the autocollie Discount image autocollimator brands determine the angular position of the flat removable mirror.

A device for implementing this method comprises a rotary table, an autocollimator, the target axis of which is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the table, the base on which they are located, and a controlled regular polyhedral prism placed on the rotary table with the possibility of rotation with the table together so that its axis is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the table, and one of the faces of the controlled multifaceted prism, placed in front of the entrance window of the autocollimator, is oriented perpendicular to its sight axis, the first table, placed on the base, and an angle mirror with an angle between the reflecting faces equal to the angle between adjacent faces of the prism mounted on a fixed table, so that the first face of the corner mirror is oriented perpendicular to the sight axis of the autocollimator, and the edge formed by the reflecting faces is parallel to the axis rotation of the table, between the autocollimator and the controlled faces of the polyhedral prism and the corner mirror, a flat removable mirror is installed, while the flat removable mirror is oriented perpendicular to the axial axis of the autocollimator.

The disadvantage of this method and device is the presence of a large number of operations to obtain a result, which reduces the reliability and accuracy of the results, requires high qualification of the meters.

In this regard, the objective of the invention is the creation of a method for measuring the free-electron density with increased reliability and accuracy of the results and cheaper equipment for its implementation.

EFFECT: obtaining a method for measuring dihedral angles of a ZEP with increased reliability and accuracy using a relatively simple device.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prism elements, in which the first part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is directed to the face of the controlled regular polyhedral prism and the angular position of this face is determined from the brand's autocollimation image, the second part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is simultaneously determined direct to the first face of the first corner mirror and the angular position of the face is determined from the face from the autocollimation image of the mark from this face, the last they carefully rotate the prism around its axis by the value of the working angle of the prism, again direct the first part of the beam of parallel rays to the next face of the controlled multifaceted prism and determine the angular position of the next face from the autocollimation image of the brand, simultaneously direct the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator to the first face of the first angular mirrors and from the autocollimation image of the mark from this face determine the angular position of this face, then the first and second parts of the beam parallel beams from the autocollimator are directed to a flat removable mirror and the angular position of the flat removable mirror is determined from the autocollimator image of the autocollimator brands, the second part of the parallel beam from the autocollimator is formed after the first periscope system passes, an additional third part of the parallel beam from the autocollimator is formed after the second periscope systems and direct to the second corner mirror, after passing through which, at the same time, one part from the third corner of the beam passed through the second corner mirror, they are directed to the adjacent face of the regular multifaceted prism and the angular position is determined from the self-collimating image of the brand, and the second part from the third corner of the beam passed through the second corner mirror is sent through the third periscope system to the second face of the first corner mirror and along the autocollimation the image of the brand is determined by its angular position, the measurements are repeated for each adjacent face of the multifaceted prism after each successive rotation and around its axis by the magnitude of the working angle of the prism, in this case, after passing the first and second parts of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator, the first and second parts from the third corner of the parallel-beam beam passing through the second corner mirror are sent to the flat removable mirror, the second part from the third corner of the beam of the parallel beam passed through the second angular mirror, they are directed through the third periscope system, and the angular position of the plane beam is determined from the autocollimation image of the grades many mirrors, and the angle α between faces of the first fold mirror is calculated according to the formula

$$\alpha =\frac{{360}^{\circ }}{n}+\frac{{\displaystyle \sum _{\mathrm{one}}^n\left[\left(B_{i+\mathrm{one}}-B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)-\left(A_i-A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)\right]}}{n}-\left[\left(B-B\text{'}\text{'}\right)-\left(A-A\text{'}\text{'}\right)\right],\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where i = 1, 2, ... n are consecutive numbers of faces of a regular polyhedral prism, and for i = n, instead of (i + 1), write 1;

A _i is the countdown by the autocollimator when the correct multifaceted prism is pointed at the i-th face when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

- отсчет по автоколлиматору при наведении на первую грань первого углового зеркала при наличии отсчета A_j от i-й грани многогранной призмы, при направлении на нее второй части пучка параллельных лучей из автоколлиматора; $$A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

- readout according to the autocollimator when pointing to the first face of the first angular mirror in the presence of a reference A _j from the i-th face of the multifaceted prism, when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

B _{i + 1} - readout by the autocollimator when pointing at an adjacent, (i + 1) face, of the correct polyhedral prism when the first part from the third part of the beam of parallel rays passing from the second angular mirror passes from the autocollimator;

- отсчет по автоколлиматору при наведении на вторую грань первого углового зеркала (при наличии отсчета B_i+1 от (i+1) грани правильной многогранной призмы) при направлении на нее второй части от прошедшей второе угловое зеркало и третий перископ третьей части пучка параллельных лучей из автоколлиматора; $$B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

- readout by the autocollimator when pointing to the second face of the first corner mirror (if there is a reference B _{i + 1} from the (i + 1) face of the regular polyhedral prism) when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope of the third part of the beam of parallel beams is directed to it from an autocollimator;

A - countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

A 'is the countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

B — countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part is directed from the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator that has passed the second angular mirror;

B 'is the countdown according to the autocollimator when pointing at a flat removable mirror when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope of the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

the angle α _i between i and (i + 1) the faces of the polyhedral prism is calculated by the formula

This is also achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prismatic elements, for the implementation of this method, containing a rotary table, an autocollimator, the target axis of which is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the table, the base on which they are located, and a controlled regular polyhedral prism placed on the turntable with the possibility of rotation with the table together so that its axis is aligned with the axis of rotation of the table, and one of the faces of the controlled multifaceted prism is placed I am in front of the entrance window of the autocollimator, oriented perpendicularly to its sight axis, a fixed table placed on the base, and a first corner mirror with an angle between reflecting faces equal to the angle between adjacent faces of the prism mounted on a fixed table, so that the first face of the corner mirror is oriented perpendicular to the sighting axis of the autocollimator, and a rib formed by reflective faces parallel to the axis of rotation of the table, a flat removable mirror mounted in the first position between the autocollimator and trolled faces of the polyhedral prism and the first corner mirror oriented perpendicular to the sighting axis of the autocollimator — it additionally contains three periscopes, the second corner mirror with an angle between the faces equal to half the working central angle of the polyhedral prism and an edge formed by the intersection of the reflecting faces parallel to the axis of rotation of the table moreover, the first periscope is installed opposite the autocollimator, creating an optical coupling of the autocollimator with the first face of the polyhedral prism and the first face of the angles of the second mirror, and the second periscope, the second corner mirror and the third periscope are arranged sequentially one after another, creating an optical coupling of the autocollimator with the adjacent face of the polyhedral prism and the second face of the first corner mirror, in addition, the flat removable mirror in the second position is oriented parallel to the adjacent face of the controlled polyhedral prisms and the second face of the first corner mirror and is placed between the adjacent face and the second face of the first corner mirror on one side and the third periscope on the other side.

In addition, in the device for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prismatic elements, for the implementation of this method, each periscope system is made in the form of mirror rhombuses with two end reflectors, while in each periscope system the first end reflector is made as a beam splitter.

Also, the device can be additionally equipped with three two-wedge optical compensators, two of which are installed behind the first and third periscopes in front of adjacent controlled faces of a regular polyhedral prism, and the third is installed between the second periscope and the second corner mirror.

The proposed method is carried out in the following sequence.

The first part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is sent to the face of the controlled regular multifaceted prism, and the angular position of this face is determined from the autocollimation image of the brand. At the same time, the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is formed after passing through the first periscope system, which is sent to the first face of the first angular mirror and the angular position of this face is determined from the autocollimation image of the mark from this face.

At the same time, the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is also formed after passing through the second periscope system, which is sent to the second corner mirror, after passing through which, at the same time, one part of the third corner of the beam passing through the second corner mirror is sent to the adjacent face of the regular polyhedral prism and according to the autocollimation image marks determine its angular position, and the second part of the third corner of the beam passing through the second angular mirror is sent through the third periscopic th system on the second face of the first corner mirror and its angular position is determined by the auto-collimation image of the brand. Measurements are repeated for each subsequent and adjacent faces of the polyhedral prism after each successive rotation of the polyhedral prism around its axis by the value of the working angle of the prism.

Then, the first part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is directed to a flat removable mirror and the angular position of the flat removable mirror is determined from the autocollimation image of the brand. At the same time, the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is formed after passing through the first periscope system, which is also sent to a flat removable mirror and the angular position of the flat removable mirror is determined from the autocollimation image of the brand.

After doing this, a third part of the parallel beam beam from the autocollimator is formed after passing through the second periscope system, which is sent to the second corner mirror, after passing through which, at the same time, one part from the third parallel beam passing through the second corner mirror from the autocollimator is directed to the removable mirror and from the autocollimation image of the brand, its angular position is determined, and the second part from the third corner of the beam passing through the second corner mirror is parallel to the beam from the autocollimator is directed through a third periscope system also removable planar mirror and autocollimator image of the brand is determined angular position of the flat mirror removable.

The value of the angle α between the faces of the first corner mirror is calculated by the formula

$$\alpha =\frac{{360}^{\circ }}{n}+\frac{{\displaystyle \sum _{\mathrm{one}}^n\left[\left(B_{i+\mathrm{one}}-B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)-\left(A_i-A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)\right]}}{n}-\left[\left(B-B\text{'}\text{'}\right)-\left(A-A\text{'}\text{'}\right)\right],\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where i = 1, 2, ... n are consecutive numbers of faces of a regular polyhedral prism, and for i = n, instead of (i + 1), write 1;

A _i is the countdown by the autocollimator when the correct multifaceted prism is pointed at the i-th face when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

- отсчет по автоколлиматору при наведении на первую грань первого углового зеркала при наличии отсчета A_i от i-й грани многогранной призмы, при направлении на нее второй части пучка параллельных лучей из автоколлиматора; $$A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

- readout by the autocollimator when pointing to the first face of the first angular mirror in the presence of the reference A _i from the i-th face of the polyhedral prism, when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

B _{i + 1} - readout by the autocollimator when pointing at an adjacent, (i + 1) face, of the correct polyhedral prism when the first part from the third part of the beam of parallel rays passing from the second angular mirror passes from the autocollimator;

B ' _{i + 1} - readout according to the autocollimator when pointing to the second face of the first angular mirror (if there is a reference B _{i + 1} from the (i + 1) face of the regular polyhedral prism) when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope passes on it the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator;

A - countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

A 'is the countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

B — countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part is directed from the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator that has passed the second angular mirror;

B 'is the countdown according to the autocollimator when pointing at a flat removable mirror when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope of the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

the angle α _i between i and (i + 1) the faces of the polyhedral prism is calculated by the formula

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a device for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prism elements for implementing the method (figure 1).

The device comprises a rotary table 1, an autocollimator 2, the target axis of which is oriented perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the table, the base 3 on which they are located, and a controlled regular polyhedral prism 4 placed on the rotary table 1 with the possibility of rotation with the table together so that its axis coaxial with the axis of rotation of the table. One of the faces a _{i of the} controlled multifaceted prism, placed in front of the entrance window of the autocollimator 2, is oriented perpendicular to its sight axis. The device is equipped with a fixed table 5, placed on the base 3, and the first corner mirror 6 with an angle between the reflecting faces a 'and b' equal to the angle between adjacent faces a _i and b _{i + 1 of the} prism mounted on the fixed table 5 so that the first the face a 'of the first corner mirror 6 is oriented perpendicular to the sight axis of the autocollimator 2, and the edge formed by the reflecting faces a ' and b 'is parallel to the axis of rotation of the table. The device includes a flat removable mirror 7 installed in the first position between the autocollimator 2 and the controlled faces of the polyhedral prism a _i and the first angular mirror a ', while the flat removable mirror 7 is oriented perpendicular to the sight axis of the autocollimator. The device is supplemented by a first periscope 8 (for example, of two flat mirrors 15 and 16) installed between the autocollimator 2 and a flat removable mirror 7, which connects optically, without a removable flat mirror 7, the controlled face of the polyhedral prism a _i and the first face a 'of the first corner mirror 6 with an autocollimator 2. The device is supplemented by a second periscope 9 (for example, from two flat mirrors 15 and 17). The device is also supplemented with a second corner mirror 10 (a prism-mirror element with two flat reflecting faces 11, 12 and an edge from the intersection of faces 11 and 12 parallel to the axis of rotation of the table 1) with an angle between faces 11 and 12 equal to half the working central corner of the multifaceted prisms 4. The device is supplemented by a third periscope 13 (from two flat mirrors 18 and 19). A flat removable mirror in the second position (for convenience of distinguishing it in the second position is denoted by 14) is oriented parallel to the adjacent face b _{i + t of the} controlled polyhedral prism 4 and the second face b 'of the first angular mirror 6 and is placed between the adjacent face b _{i + 1} , the second face b 'of the first angular mirror 6c on one side and the third periscope 13 on the other side. The first periscope 8, the second periscope 9, the second angular mirror 10 and the third periscope 13 are connected optically, without a flat removable mirror 14, the adjacent face b _{i + 1 of the} controlled polyhedral prism 4 and the second face b 'of the first angular mirror 6 with an autocollimator 2.

Each periscopic system can be made in the form of mirror rhombuses with two end reflectors (the first periscopic system can be made in the form of a mirror rhombus 8 with two end reflectors 15 and 16; the second periscopic system can be made in the form of a mirror rhombus 9 with two end reflectors 16 and 17; the third periscope system can be made in the form of a mirror rhombus 13 with two end reflectors 18 and 19), while in each periscope system the first end reflector (corresponding but - 15, 16 and 18) may be configured as a beam splitter.

However, with this method and device, the autocollimation images of the brand in the autocollimator 2 from all simultaneously observed faces α _i , α 'and b _{i + 1} , b' must be separated, should not overlap each other. To eliminate their overlap, the device can be supplemented with two-wedge optical compensators: the first two-wedge optical compensator 20 installed in front of the controlled face α _{i of the} polyhedron, the second two-wedge optical compensator 21 installed in front of the controllable adjacent face b _{i + 1 of the} polyhedron, and the third two-wedge optical compensator 22, installed between the second angular mirror 10 and the second periscope 9.

A device for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prism elements for implementing the method works as follows.

в автоколлиматоре 2. При этом вторую часть пучка параллельных лучей от автоколлиматора формируют после прохождения первой перископической системы 8.The first part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator 2 is directed to the face a _{i of the} controlled regular polyhedral prism 4 and the angular position of this face is determined by the autocollimation image of the mark, which corresponds to the reference A _i . At the same time, the second part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator 2 is directed to the first face a 'of the first corner mirror 6 and the angular position of the face is determined from the autocollimation image of the brand from this face a ', which corresponds to the reference $$A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

in the autocollimator 2. In this case, the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is formed after passing through the first periscopic system 8.

.Using the second periscope system 9, a third part of the beam of parallel beams is extracted from the autocollimator 2 and sent to the second corner mirror 10, after passing through which one part of the third part of the beam is directed to the adjacent face b _{i + 1 of the} correct polyhedral prism 4 and determined by the autocollimation image of the brand its angular position, which corresponds to the reference B _{i + 1} . At the same time, another part from the third part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator 2 is sent through the third periscope system 13 to the second face b 'of the first angular mirror 6 and its angular position is determined from the autocollimation image of the brand, which corresponds to the reference $$B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

.

Consistently rotate the polyhedral prism 4 around its axis by the value of its working angle α ₀ and repeat all operations performed with the polyhedral prism, as before the rotation, for all subsequent (i = 1, 2, ... n) faces of the prism.

Those. after each successive rotation of the polyhedral prism 4 around its axis by the value of the working angle α ₀ , the measurements are repeated on the adjacent faces a _i and b _{(i + 1) of the} polyhedral prism, and the first face a 'and second face b' of the first corner mirror 6.

Then, the first part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator 2 is directed to a removable flat mirror 7 in its first position, and the angular position of the flat mirror is determined from the autocollimation image of the autocollimator 2 brand, which corresponds to the reference A by the autocollimator. At the same time, the second part of the beam from the autocollimator 2 formed by the periscope 8 is directed to a flat removable mirror 7 in its first position and the angular position of the flat removable mirror is determined from the autocollimation image of the mark, which corresponds to the reference A 'from the autocollimator 2.

After that, the first part from the third part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator 2 is directed to a flat removable mirror in the second position 14 and the angular position of the flat removable mirror in the second position 14 is determined by the autocollimation image of the mark, which corresponds to the reference B. Simultaneously, the second part from the third part a beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is sent through the third periscope system 13 to a flat removable mirror in the second position 14. According to the autocollimation image, the marks are determined at lovoe removable planar mirror position, which corresponds to the count B '.

The value of the angle α between the faces of the first corner mirror is calculated by the formula

$$\alpha =\frac{{360}^{\circ }}{n}+\frac{{\displaystyle \sum _{\mathrm{one}}^n\left[\left(B_{i+\mathrm{one}}-B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)-\left(A_i-A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)\right]}}{n}-\left[\left(B-B\text{'}\text{'}\right)-\left(A-A\text{'}\text{'}\right)\right],\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where i = 1, 2, ... n are consecutive numbers of faces of a regular polyhedral prism, and for i = n, instead of (i + 1), write 1;

A _i is the countdown by the autocollimator when the correct multifaceted prism is pointed at the i-th face when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

- отсчет по автоколлиматору при наведении на первую грань первого углового зеркала при наличии отсчета A_i от i-й грани многогранной призмы, при направлении на нее второй части пучка параллельных лучей из автоколлиматора; $$A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

- readout by the autocollimator when pointing to the first face of the first angular mirror in the presence of the reference A _i from the i-th face of the polyhedral prism, when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

B _{i + 1} - readout by the autocollimator when pointing at an adjacent, (i + 1) face, of the correct polyhedral prism when the first part from the third part of the beam of parallel rays passing from the second angular mirror passes from the autocollimator;

- отсчет по автоколлиматору при наведении на вторую грань первого углового зеркала (при наличии отсчета B_i+1 от (i+1) грани правильной многогранной призмы) при направлении на нее второй части от прошедшей второе угловое зеркало и третий перископ третьей части пучка параллельных лучей из автоколлиматора; $$B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

- readout by the autocollimator when pointing to the second face of the first corner mirror (if there is a reference B _{i + 1} from the (i + 1) face of the regular polyhedral prism) when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope of the third part of the beam of parallel beams is directed to it from an autocollimator;

A - readout by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

A 'is the countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

B is a countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part is directed from the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator that has passed the second angular mirror;

B 'is the countdown according to the autocollimator when pointing at a flat removable mirror when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope of the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;

the angle α _i between i and (i + 1) the faces of the polyhedral prism is calculated by the formula

$${\alpha }_i=\frac{{360}^{\circ }}{n}+\frac{{\displaystyle \sum _{\mathrm{one}}^n\left[\left(B_{i+\mathrm{one}}-B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)-\left(A_i-A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)\right]}}{n}-\left[\left(B_{i+\mathrm{one}}-B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)-\left(A_i-A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)\right].\left(2\right)$$

The proposed method and device are more effective than known. The proposed method and device, while simplifying the design (working with one autocollimator) and improving the measurement conditions (reducing the number of intermediate operations), can improve the reliability and accuracy of the determination of errors in manufacturing mirror-prism elements.

Thanks to the periscope systems introduced into the device and the second angular mirror and optical wedge compensators, it is possible to simultaneously measure with the same auto-collimator the angular position of two adjacent prism faces a _i and b _{i + 1 of the} two faces of the first angular mirror a 'and b' (relative to which the angular position of the faces is measured prisms). The simultaneity of the measurements and the obtained readings allows to increase the reliability and accuracy of relative measurements.

Two-wedge optical compensators are used to dilute the images of the brand obtained from different faces and to eliminate their overlap. Moreover, the possible instability of periscope systems and the second angular mirror do not affect the accuracy of measurements, since periscopic systems, equivalent in their optical action to a mirror rhombus, do not change the directions of the rays passing through them, and the second corner mirror always rotates the beam of rays in the measuring plane by the same angle.

Systematic deviations of the rays caused by periscope systems and two-wedge compensators are excluded from measurements due to the use of the same flat removable mirror. Measurements on the same flat removable mirror are characterized by greater reliability and accuracy of the results obtained due to the simultaneity of the measurements obtained both in the first position and in the second position.

Claims (4)

1. A method for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prism elements, in which the first part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is directed to the face of the controlled regular polyhedral prism and the angular position of this face is determined from the brand's autocollimation image, while the second part of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator is directed to the first face the first corner mirror and from the autocollimation image of the brand from this face determine the angular position of the face, sequentially rotate ISM around its axis by the value of the working angle of the prism, again direct the first part of the beam of parallel rays to the next face of the controlled multifaceted prism and determine the angular position of the next face from the autocollimation image of the brand, simultaneously direct the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator to the first face of the first corner mirror and Using the autocollimation image of the mark from this face, the angular position of this face is determined, then the first and second parts of the beam of parallel rays from the collocator is directed to a flat detachable mirror and the angular position of the flat detachable mirror is determined from the autocollimation image of the autocollimator brands, characterized in that the second part of the parallel beam beam from the autocollimator is formed after the first periscope system passes, and the third part of the parallel beam from the autocollimator is additionally formed after the second periscope system and sent to the second corner mirror, after passing through which, at the same time, one part of p the second corner of the beam that has gone off the second mirror is directed to the adjacent face of the regular multifaceted prism, and its angular position is determined by the auto-collimation image of the brand, and the second part of the third beam of the beam passed through the second corner mirror is sent through the third periscope system to the second face of the first corner mirror and according to the autocollimation image marks determine its angular position, measurements are repeated for each adjacent face of a multifaceted prism after each successive rotation of the prism the radius of its axis by the value of the working angle of the prism, in this case, after passing the first and second parts of the parallel-beam beam from the autocollimator, the first and second parts from the third corner of the parallel-beam beam passing through the second corner mirror are directed to the flat removable mirror, and the second part of passing the second corner mirror of the third part of the beam of parallel beams is sent through the third periscope system, and the angular position of the flat removable lens is determined from the autocollimation image of the grades about the mirror, and the value of the angle α between the faces of the first corner mirror is calculated by the formula
$$\alpha =\frac{{360}^{\circ }}{n}+\frac{{\displaystyle \sum _{\mathrm{one}}^n\left[\left(B_{i+\mathrm{one}}-B_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)-\left(A_i-A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}\right)\right]}}{n}-\left[\left(B-B\text{'}\text{'}\right)-\left(A-A\text{'}\text{'}\right)\right],\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where i = 1, 2, ... n are consecutive numbers of faces of a regular polyhedral prism, and for i = n, instead of (i + 1), write 1;
A _i is the countdown by the autocollimator when the correct multifaceted prism is pointed at the i-th face when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;
$$A_i^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

- readout by the autocollimator when pointing to the first face of the first angular mirror in the presence of the reference A _i from the i-th face of the polyhedral prism, when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;
B _{i + 1} - readout by the autocollimator when pointing at an adjacent, (i + 1) face, of the correct polyhedral prism when the first part from the third part of the beam of parallel rays passing from the second angular mirror passes from the autocollimator;
B ' _{i + 1} - readout according to the autocollimator when pointing to the second face of the first angular mirror (if there is a reference B _{i + 1} from the (i + 1) face of the regular polyhedral prism) when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope passes on it the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator;
A - countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;
A 'is the countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a flat removable mirror when the second part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator is directed at it;
B — countdown by the autocollimator when pointing at a removable mirror when the first part is directed from the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator that has passed the second angular mirror;
B 'is the countdown according to the autocollimator when pointing at a flat removable mirror when the second part from the second corner mirror and the third periscope of the third part of the beam of parallel rays from the autocollimator are directed at it;
the angle α _i between i and (i + 1) the faces of the polyhedral prism is calculated by the formula

2. A device for measuring the dihedral angles of mirror-prismatic elements for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a rotary table, an autocollimator, the sight axis of which is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the table, the base on which they are located, and a controlled regular polyhedral prism placed on rotary table with the possibility of rotation with the table together so that its axis is aligned with the axis of rotation of the table, and one of the faces of the controlled multifaceted prism, placed in front of the entrance window of the torus, oriented perpendicular to its sight axis, a fixed table placed on the base, and a first corner mirror with an angle between reflecting faces equal to the angle between adjacent faces of the prism mounted on a fixed table, so that the first face of the corner mirror is oriented perpendicular to the sight axis of the autocollimator and a rib formed by reflecting faces parallel to the axis of rotation of the table, a flat removable mirror installed in the first position between the autocollimator and the controlled faces is multifaceted the first prism and the first corner mirror, oriented perpendicular to the sighting axis of the autocollimator, characterized in that it further comprises three periscopes, a second corner mirror with an angle between the faces equal to half the working central angle of the polyhedral prism and an edge formed by the intersection of the reflecting faces parallel to the axis of rotation a table, the first periscope mounted opposite the autocollimator, creating an optical connection between the autocollimator and the first facet of the polyhedral prism and the first facet of the corner mirror, the second periscope, the second angular mirror and the third periscope are arranged sequentially one after another, creating an optical coupling of the autocollimator with the adjacent face of the polyhedral prism and the second face of the first angular mirror, in addition, the flat removable mirror in the second position is oriented parallel to the adjacent face of the controlled polyhedral prism and the second face the first corner mirror and is placed between the adjacent face and the second face of the first corner mirror on one side and the third periscope on the other side. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that each periscope system is made in the form of mirror rhombs with two end reflectors, while in each periscope system the first end reflector is made as a beam splitter. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with three two-wedge optical compensators, two of which are installed behind the first and third periscopes in front of adjacent controlled faces of the regular multifaceted prism, and the third is installed between the second periscope and the second corner mirror.