RU2522671C1 - Automated ship-heeling system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: working body is made in the form of piston located in cylinder tube laying crosswise the ship diametral plane. The piston at its butt ends has fixating dampers for which in cylinder tube butt ends the mating fixing sockets are formed which sockets are located with possibility to provide gap between butt end of piston-working body and inner butt end of cylinder tube. End position sensors of piston-working body are placed in butt ends of cylinder tube, their outputs are connected with inputs of computing device. Slot-type gap space of one cylinder tube end is communicating via pipeline with discharge and suction pump fittings via solenoid valves, and the slot-type gap space of its other end is also communicating via pipeline with discharge and suction pump fittings via other similar valves. In this system, cylinder tube with piston-working body, pipelines with solenoid valves and pump chambers are fully filled with liquid having specific weight that is less than specific weight of piston-working body. The system is equipped with trim indicator and draft indicator the outputs of which, as well as clinometer output are connected with inputs of computing device the outputs of which are connected with inputs of solenoid valves and pump via adapters.

EFFECT: higher operation speed, accuracy, reliability of system operation, simplification of its use.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and relates to the creation of technical means for monitoring the stability of a vessel on waves and calm water, including emergency situations.

Known roll system (see USSR AS No. 409917 and additional USSR AS No. 624819) for determining stability, adopted as a prototype, containing tanks of starboard and starboard sides, a pipeline with electromagnetic valves, a ballast pump for pumping liquids, sensors for upper and lower water levels in tanks and a rollometer.

However, when using such a system (like any other tank using a tank), a tank of relatively large constant volume of about one side and a tank of the same volume near the other side are required. The volume of these tanks for each vessel is determined from the condition of obtaining a heeling moment, tilting the vessel under any load condition at an angle of 2 ÷ 4 degrees. In accordance with the metacentric stability formula, the initial transverse metacentric height depends on the increment of the angle of heel due to the indicated heeling moment and the displacement. It will take considerable time to pump a predetermined volume of water from the tank of one side into the tank of the other side. With multiple heeling of the vessel (in order to increase the accuracy of determining the initial transverse metacentric height), the time for pumping a given volume of water from the tank of one side to the tank of the other side and back will increase many times.

To ensure the start of the roll system, additional time will be required in order to fill one of the tanks used by it on board one side with overboard water and to empty (if necessary) the other of the tanks used on the other side.

In case of emergency inclinations of the vessel, as well as when it rolls on a wave, the sensors of the upper and lower water levels in the tanks (requires at least four level sensors) can give inaccurate signals of the beginning or end of their filling or release from water. Thus, one of the tanks may not be filled with water to the required level, and the other is not emptied of water to the required level. In this case, free water surfaces can take place in tanks. Since the water pumping system between these tanks is open, inertial emissions of some water through their air pipes connected to the atmosphere, water loss from thermal expansion, and evaporation can occur. In addition, at different temperatures and salinity used in the system as a working fluid of water, its density may differ from the calculated density. In this case, the weight of the displaced water as a working fluid and the displacement of the center of gravity of such a working fluid can be determined with an error, leading to a decrease in the accuracy of the set heeling moment and, accordingly, to a decrease in the accuracy of determining stability.

The absence in the crepe system of instrumental instrumentation (with electrical output) of control of the draft and angles of the trim of the vessel, a computing device and, accordingly, of the automated heeling of the vessel reduces the accuracy, speed and reliability of this system.

Not all elements of the roll system can be used at any time during the operation of the vessel (standard ship ballast tanks, pumps, valves, pipelines, etc. can be used for other purposes). System elements filled with water cannot be used at low temperatures. System elements designed to create a heeling moment, as a rule, cannot be made as a single compact monoblock and cannot be installed on an operating vessel, for example, on the upper deck without significant design and factory alterations.

In the system under consideration, permanent ballast, transferred from one tank to another tank, should create a heeling moment, tilting the vessel under normal operating conditions by an angle of 2-4 degrees. However, the minimum permitted transverse metacentric height (especially in emergency operating conditions) for a given vessel may be 3–5 times less than its average permitted value. In this case, accordingly, a change in the angle of heel due to the indicated fixed heeling moment of this system can reach 10 ÷ 20 degrees, which is especially unacceptable in emergency conditions.

The present invention is aimed at solving the problem of improving the speed, accuracy, reliability of the system in operational and emergency conditions when determining the transverse metacentric height, first of all, near its minimum permissible values, the most dangerous for this vessel, in reducing the space occupied by the system , in simplification of its placement and use on the ship.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the working fluid is made in the form of a piston cylinder-cylinder located in the transverse diametric plane of the vessel, having at its ends damper-clamps, under which mating retaining sockets are formed at the ends of the cylinder-tube, which can provide a gap between the end the piston-working fluid and the inner end of the pipe-cylinder. Moreover, the extreme position sensors of the piston-working fluid moving in the pipe-cylinder are located at the end ends of the pipe-cylinder, and their outputs are connected to the inputs of the computing device introduced into the system. In this case, the space of the gap gap of one end of the pipe-cylinder is indicated by the pipeline with the pressure and suction nozzles of the pump through the electromagnetic valves, and the space of the gap of the other end is indicated by the pipeline also with the suction and pressure nozzles of the pump through other similar valves. Moreover, the pipe-cylinder with a piston-working fluid, pipelines with electromagnetic valves and pump cavities are completely filled with a liquid having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the piston-working fluid. In this case, the system is equipped with a trimometer and a precipitation meter, the outputs of which, as well as the output of the rollometer, are connected to the inputs of the mentioned computing device, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the electromagnetic valves and the pump through matching devices, made mainly in the form of solid-state relays.

At the same time, the spaces of gap gaps in the ends of the pipe-cylinder are interconnected by a pipeline through an adjustable solenoid valve, to the hydraulic inputs of which a pressure difference converter is connected in parallel, the electrical output of which is connected to the input of the computing device, with the output of which through the matching device the electrical input of the said electromagnetic valve is connected .

In this case, as the sensors of the extreme positions of the piston-working fluid moving in the cylinder-cylinder, reed switches mounted on the ends of the cylinder-cylinder are used, with permanent magnets placed on the damper-clamps of the piston-working fluid.

In addition, the precipitation gauge is made in the form of two pressure difference transducers located on one normal to the main plane of the vessel, operating simultaneously, the positive inputs of which are in communication with the waterboard space, and their negative inputs are in communication with the atmosphere.

Along with this, the system is equipped with a light and sound alarm unit, with the input of which the output of the computing device is connected.

Moreover, the known heeling moment created by the system, tilting the vessel at an angle of 2-4 degrees, is set for the transverse metacentric height near its minimum permissible (critical) values for this vessel. In this case, the accuracy of determining the transverse metacentric height (at these critical values) will be maximum, and at values of the transverse metacentric height, which is larger than the critical values at the indicated fixed heeling moment, will give a smaller change in the angle of heel and, accordingly, the accuracy of determining this height will decrease. However, this will increase the stability margin, and this will compensate for the decrease in the accuracy of determining the transverse metacentric height.

The fulfillment of this condition will provide the opportunity to repeatedly reduce the weight of the piston-working fluid and the volume of the working fluid, to further increase the speed of the system.

The execution of the working fluid in the form of a piston-cylinder located in the transverse diametric plane of the vessel (made, for example, of lead, steel, cast iron with predetermined geometric dimensions, known volume and position of the center of gravity), having a specific gravity significantly greater than the specific gravity working fluid that moves the piston-working fluid in the pipe-cylinder at a fixed distance, allows you to create a compact closed-type monoblock system, designed for quick creation and accurate determination (As compared to the prior art), the heeling moment at various angles of inclination of the vessel as in calm water and in conditions of rolling in a seaway, including fault conditions, such as icing.

Placement of dampers-clamps on the ends of the piston-working medium, under which response locking sockets are formed at the ends of the pipe-cylinder, when they contact, virtually eliminates the impacts of the ends of the piston-working fluid on the ends of the pipe-cylinder, and also provide a gap between them, guaranteeing this free withdrawal of the piston-working fluid from its extreme position in the pipe-cylinder. In addition, the dampers-clamps provide a fixed known distance between the extreme positions of the center of gravity of the piston-working fluid in the pipe-cylinder.

The placement of extreme position sensors at the ends of the pipe-cylinder (only two, not four sensors are required) moving in the pipe-cylinder of the piston-working fluid, allows to determine its presence and fixation in one or another end of the pipe-cylinder.

Introduction to the system of a computing device allows you to automate the roll of the vessel, to increase the speed and accuracy of the calculation of stability parameters.

The full filling with working fluid of a cylinder pipe with a piston-working fluid inside it, pipelines with electromagnetic valves, pump cavities is due to the need to exclude the presence of free surfaces and air cavities in them, thereby increasing the accuracy of determining stability and improving the operational characteristics of such a closed system .

Equipping the system with a trimometer and a precipitation meter using a computing device enables the on-line calculation of the ship's displacement.

The pipeline communicating with each other the spaces of gap gaps in the ends of the pipe-cylinder through an adjustable solenoid valve, to the hydraulic inputs of which a pressure difference converter is connected in parallel, allows for a controlled and controlled pressure drop across the piston-working medium inside the pipe-cylinder.

The use of reed switches mounted on the ends of the pipe-cylinder, with permanent magnets mounted on the damper-clamps of the piston-working fluid, allows you to determine the moment of fixation and the location of this piston in one of the ends of the pipe-cylinder.

The implementation of the precipitation gauge in the form of two pressure difference transducers operating simultaneously located on the same normal to the main plane, the positive inputs of which are connected with the waterboard space, and their negative inputs are connected with the atmosphere, allows you to determine the instantaneous values of draft in the coordinate system associated with the vessel, not while requiring amendments to the instantaneous angles of heel and trim.

Equipping the system with a light and sound alarm unit allows you to warn the ship's crew about the dangerous values of the parameters measured and calculated by this system.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a proposed automated ship tilt system, Fig. 2 shows a layout of a pipe-cylinder on a ship with a piston-working fluid placed in it, and Fig. 3 shows a layout diagram of a precipitation gauge on a ship .

The proposed automated ship heeling system (FIG. 1) consists of a working fluid made in the form of a piston 2 located in the transverse diametrical plane of the vessel, the cylinder 1 having damper-clips 3 at its ends. Under the damper-clips in the ends 4 of the pipe- cylinder 1 formed response locking sockets 5, configured to provide a gap 6 between the end face of the piston-working fluid 2 and the inner end of the pipe-cylinder 1. The system also includes sensors of extreme positions 7 moving in the pipe-cylinder the core 1 of the piston-working fluid 2, located at the ends 4 or the ends of the pipe-cylinder 1, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the computing device 8. The gap space 6 of one end of the pipe-cylinder 1 is communicated by a pipe 9 with a pressure 10 and the suction 11 nozzles of the pump 12 through the electromagnetic valves 13 and 14, and another similar space is communicated by the pipeline 9 also with the pressure 10 and the suction 11 nozzles of the pump 12 through other similar valves 15 and 16. The pipe-cylinder 1 with the piston-work body 2, pipelines 9 with solenoid valves 13-16 and pump cavities 12 are completely filled with a working fluid 17 having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the piston-working fluid 2. The system has a trimometer 18, a krenometer 19 and a precipitation meter 20. To the outputs the mentioned computing device is connected to the inputs of the electromagnetic valves 13-16 through matching devices 21-24, made mainly in the form of solid-state relays with galvanic isolation. Matching devices 21-24 can also be made in the form of other 8 switches, starters, remotely controlled from the computing device, which enable or disable the electromagnetic valves 13-16.

In this case, the internal space of the slit gaps 6 of the pipe-cylinder 1 through the ends 4 can be communicated with each other by a pipe 9 through an adjustable solenoid valve (valve) 25, the hydraulic inputs of which are connected to the inputs of the differential pressure transducer 26. The electrical output of the differential pressure transducer 26 is connected to the input computing device 8, with the output of which through the matching device 27 is connected to the electrical input of said electromagnetic valve (valve) 25.

As sensors of the extreme positions 7 of the piston-working fluid 2 moving in the cylinder tube 1, reed switches are used, under which permanent magnets 28 are mounted on the damper-clamps of the piston-working fluid.

The sediment meter 20 is made in the form of two pressure difference transducers 29 and 30, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the computing device 8, located on the same normal to the main plane of the vessel, operating simultaneously, the positive inputs of which are connected with the waterboard space, and the negative inputs are connected with the atmosphere.

The system is equipped with a light and sound alarm unit 31, the input of which is connected to the output of the computing device.

When determining the initial transverse stability of the vessel, the proposed system does not need to be initially filled with working fluid (as in the prototype outboard water). Due to the relatively small used volume, the system is always filled, as a rule, with a frost-resistant working fluid 17. Moreover, inside the pipe-cylinder 1, the working cavities of the valves 13-16 and 25, the pump 12 and the pressure difference transducer 26, pipelines 9 there is a working fluid 17 , and free surfaces and air cavities are absent.

The piston-working fluid 2 is made of a material with a relatively large specific gravity, for example, of lead, steel, cast iron, etc. The working fluid 17 should have a minimum specific gravity.

The system is always ready for operation (it does not require time to fill it with sea water), and therefore does not change the displacement and stability of the vessel.

Automated tilt the vessel operates as follows.

According to the signals from the computing device 8, valves 13 and 14 (or 15 and 16) are opened through matching devices 21-24, a pump 12 is turned on through matching device 32, which transfers the working fluid 17, the open solenoid valve (valve) 25 is partially covered, the pressure drop which is controlled by the pressure difference converter 26. The necessary pressure difference of the working fluid 17 at the ends of the piston-working fluid 2, provided by the pump 12, moves the piston-working fluid 2 in the pipe-cylinder 1 to the stop of the damper-retainer 3 in fi coding socket 5, made in the end end 4 of the pipe-cylinder 1. In this case, between the transverse end surface of the piston-working fluid 2 and the inner surface of the end end 4 of the pipe-cylinder 1, a fixed slotted gap 6 is formed. The working fluid extruded from the socket 5 17 softens the impact of the piston-working fluid 2 on the end end 4 of the pipe-cylinder 1.

When the damper-latch 3 is in contact with the fixing socket 5, the reed switch-sensor of the extreme position 7 of the piston-working medium 2 is activated, since the permanent magnet 28 mounted on the damper-latch 3 closes this reed switch. In this case, the signal from the position sensor 7, supplied to the computing device 8, confirms that the piston-working fluid 2 is in one of the extreme positions in the pipe-cylinder 1. From now on, the heeling of the vessel due to the movement of the piston-working fluid 2 in the pipe cylinder 1, the recording of data arrays at a predetermined time interval, obtained by the signals from the rollometer 20, the trimometer 18, the pressure difference transducers 29 and 30 of the precipitation gauge 19, begins and the p and nonequilibrium values of roll angle Θ1, the trim angle Ψ T and rainfall, and using data on the outer surface of the ship's hull are determined volume V and weight displacement D.

After stopping the recording of these data arrays at a predetermined time interval by the signal of the computing device 8, the valves 15 and 16 (or 13 and 14) open and the piston-working medium 2 moves in the pipe-cylinder 1 to the stop in the other direction. Further, the signal from the position sensor 7, supplied to the computing device 8, confirms that the piston-working fluid 2 is in another of the extreme positions in the pipe-cylinder 1. In this case, recording of the data arrays again at a given time interval, obtained from the signals from the cranometer , trimometer, differential pressure transducers of the precipitation meter. According to these data, the computing device 8 also determines the equilibrium values of the angle of heel Θ2, trim angle Ψ and draft T, and using the data on the outer surface of the hull confirms the weight displacement D.

In the proposed system, for each vessel in the forward position, the heeling moment is a constant value that provides a fixed change in the angle of heel ΔΘ = Θ2-Θ1, approximately within 2-4 degrees, with the maximum displacement permitted for this vessel and with the minimum transverse metacentric value heights.

The transverse metacentric height h is determined by the formula

h = MKp / (D sin sinΘ),

where ΔΘ = Θ2-Θ1 is the change in the angle of heel in degrees;

Θ1 - angle of heel of the vessel (according to the signal from the krenometer) when the piston of the working fluid 2 is in one of the extreme positions in the cylinder tube 1;

Θ2 - the angle of heel of the vessel (signal from the rollometer) when the piston of the working fluid 2 is in another of the extreme positions in the pipe-cylinder 1;

D - weight displacement of the vessel when determining the transverse metacentric height;

Mkr - the heeling moment set by the system.

CDM is determined by the formula:

Мкр = (Рпрт-Рж) · l · cosΘ0,

where: l is the distance between the centers of gravity at the extreme points of fixation of the piston-working fluid - near one or the other sides;

Rprt and Rzh - the weight of the piston-working fluid and the weight of the fluid displaced by the piston by the working fluid, respectively;

Θ0 is the equilibrium value of the angle of heel.

Sediment T0 at the installation site of the precipitation meter is calculated by the following formula:

$$T0=\left[P\mathrm{one}/\left(P\mathrm{one}-P2\right)\right]\cdot \left(Z2-Z\mathrm{one}\right)+Z\mathrm{one}\left(8\right)$$

where Z1 is the applicate of the lower pressure difference transducer 29 of the precipitation meter 20;

Z2 - applicate of the upper transducer of the differential pressure 30 of the precipitation meter 20;

P1, P2 - current pressure values measured by pressure difference transducers 29 and 30, respectively.

In order to increase the accuracy of determining the initial transverse metacentric height h during a single roll (especially in conditions of rolling on waves), it must be performed repeatedly, and the values of hi obtained in this case must be averaged, for example, by the moving average method.

Experimental verification of the layout of the proposed automated ship tilt system, installed on its seaworthy model, in calm water and during irregular waves, as well as experimental verification of a large-scale model of such a system confirmed the operability of this system with its sufficient speed and accuracy of determining the parameters of the transverse stability of the vessel, ease of operation, which compares favorably with the prototype.

Claims (5)

1. An automated ship tilt system, including a working fluid with a known mass and position of its center of gravity, moved to both sides across the ship by a predetermined distance, extreme position sensors of this moving working fluid, a liquid, a pump, pipelines with electromagnetic valves and a krenometer, characterized in that the working fluid is made in the form of a piston-cylinder located in the transverse diametrical plane of the vessel, having at its ends damper-clamps, under which at the ends of the pipe-qi Indra mating locking nests are formed, which are capable of providing a gap between the end face of the piston-working fluid and the inner end of the cylinder-pipe, the extreme position sensors of the piston-working fluid moving in the cylinder-cylinder being located at the end ends of the cylinder-pipe, and their outputs are connected to the inputs of the computing device introduced into the system, while the gap gap space of one end of the pipe-cylinder is communicated by a pipeline with pressure and suction nozzles of the pump through an electric solenoid valves, and the gap gap space of its other end is also communicated by a pipeline with suction and pressure nozzles of the pump through other similar valves, the pipe-cylinder with a piston-working fluid, pipelines with solenoid valves and pump cavities being completely filled with a fluid having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the piston-working fluid, while the system is equipped with a trimometer and a precipitation meter, the outputs of which, as well as the output of the rollometer, are connected to the inputs of the computational about the device, with the outputs of which the inputs of the electromagnetic valves and the pump are connected through matching devices, made mainly in the form of solid-state relays. 2. The automated ship heeling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the pipe-cylinder are interconnected by a pipeline through an adjustable solenoid valve, to the hydraulic inputs of which a pressure difference converter is connected in parallel, the electrical output of which is connected to the input of the computing device, with the output of which through a matching device, an electrical input of said electromagnetic valve is connected. 3. The automated ship tilt system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reed switches mounted on the ends of the cylinder pipe with permanent magnets located on the damper-clamps of the piston are used as sensors for extreme positions of the piston-working fluid moving in the cylinder-cylinder. working fluid. 4. The automated ship heeling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the precipitation gauge is made in the form of two pressure difference transducers located on one normal to the ship’s main plane, operating simultaneously, the positive inputs of which communicate with the waterboard space, and their negative inputs are communicated with the atmosphere. 5. Automated ship heeling system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the system is equipped with a light and sound alarm unit, to the input of which the output of the computing device is connected.

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