RU2520211C2 - Wing sail - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building. Wing sail consists of a set of stiff beams locked at turn mast, flexible battens and links. Links extend through said beams to interconnected flexible battens. Beams and battens define the wing-sail profile rarefaction side. Wing sail is controlled by trimmer setting the required angle of attack. Mast rotational axis is located ahead of wing sail aerodynamic profile pressure center at 3-15 percent of its chord.

EFFECT: enhanced performance.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sailing shipbuilding.

The sail, as the mover of ships, has been known for thousands of years, but, despite numerous improvements, it has not fundamentally changed, representing a mast carrying a curved plate of flexible material.

The increase in the speed of sailing ships as they improve leads to the fact that they must go steeper with respect to the pennant wind due to the so-called "drilling effect". To realize the possibility of fast movement of sailboats (comparable to motorized vessels), sails are used, which are aviation wing profiles.

Adapting wing profiles as a sail came up with a number of difficulties, one of the main ones being a change in the sign of the oncoming flow when changing the tack.

The attempt to modernize the soft sail according to AS No. 783123 is unsuccessful, since it is impossible to obtain an effective aviation profile.

According to AS No. 1020309, an acceptable profile can be obtained, but the presence of a slat of the proposed form violates the flow around the rarefied part of the profile. In addition, the presence of a large number of hinges and levers makes the design unreliable.

Attempts have been made to use symmetrical aviation profiles (AS No. 1065297), but they are inefficient, since their lift coefficient is inferior to the soft sail.

Sail-wing by A.S. No. 1382740 is closer to optimal, but the design turned out to be cumbersome and complex, and the mast element protruding in the pressure part of the profile worsens the flow around, thereby increasing the resistance.

By A.S. No. 1024362 sail-wing is complicated in design, and the resulting sail profile is far from optimal.

The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages by offering an effective simple and reliable sail-wing, which allows to significantly expand the capabilities of sailing vessels of all types - from small pleasure, sporting and commercial to record, including land and ice.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed sail-wing is mounted on a swivel mast and consists of a set of rigid symmetrical beams that define the pressure side of the profile of the sail-wing, and fixed on the mast of flexible lathes carrying the sheathing of the sail-wing, as well as from rods passing through beams and flexible armor connecting together, which together with the beams determine the rarefied side of the profile of the sail-wing, rotating around the axis of the mast and controlled by a trimmer that sets the required angle of attack, and the axis of rotation of the ma the post is located in front of the center of pressure of the aerodynamic profile of the sail-wing in 3-15 percent of its chord, in addition, the sail-wing can be made up of sections independently rotating around the mast axis and, if used in small shipbuilding, it can be performed in a simplified version, those. without traction.

The proposed sail-wing is shown in the drawing, where figure 1 shows a side view of the vessel with the proposed sail. In Fig.2, the sail-wing is shown in section. Figure 3 shows a fragment of the fastening of the flexible armor to the thrust and to the skin.

The sail-wing contains a rotary mast 1 (see figure 2), made in the form of a prism, on both sides limited by the inner planes of the transverse beams 2. On top of each of the sections A and B (see figure 1) fixed washers 3 are fixed cables 4 that hold the mast 1 in an upright position. Each of the parts of the mast 1 freely rotates relative to the fixed washer 3. The beams 2, defining the profile of the pressure part of the sail-wing alternately from two sides (see figure 2), can be moved along the mast 1 (see figure 1) for setting and removal of the sail-wing 3. The dimensions of the cross section and the pitch of the beams 2 are determined depending on the wind load and the size of the sail-wing for a particular vessel. Through the beams 2 (which in cross section can be made in the form of a circle, strip, round and rectangular pipe, etc.), thrusts 5 form the rarefied side of the sail-wing profile. The rods 5 are pivotally connected to the armor 6 located on different sides of the beams 2 along their entire length. Lats 6, made with variable flexibility along the length (the smaller the curvature of the profile, the harder the lath), are fixed on the front of the beams 2 and carry a flexible casing 7. In the tail of the lats 6 have the ability to move relative to the beam to compensate for changes in their lengths when changing sign Sail-wing loads.

For the convenience of setting, removing the sail-wing and carrying out repair and maintenance work, the casing 7 (see Fig. 3) is removable and is attached to the armor 6 by fastening removable products 8 through longitudinal (along the armor) lining 9, which is a strip with a width close to the width of the lat, and with a step between them equal to the step of the beams.

The axis of rotation of the sail-wing is in front at 3 -15 percent of the chord of the profile from the center of pressure of the profile at the working angles of attack (see A.S. Kravets. Characteristics of aviation profiles. State Publishing House of the Defense Industry, Moscow, Leningrad, 1939, see Part 3. Collection of aviation profiles). The location of the axis of rotation of the sail-wing in front of the center of pressure allows you to control the sail-wing with minimal stable efforts of the same sign.

At a height corresponding to the height of the center of sail, a control trimmer 11 is mounted on the remote bracket 10. Under the sail, a false boom 12 is rigidly attached to the mast 1, with which the sail-wing can be manually controlled.

Sail-wing works as follows. When the air flow on the sail-wing on the right (see figure 2), the air pressure from the windward and rarefaction of the leeward sides press the skin 7 with the armor 6 to the rigid beam 2, forming the pressure part of the profile, and through the rods 5, pushing the armholes 6 of the leeward side until it stops in the beam 2, form a sparse part of the profile. Since each rod 5 has a strictly defined length (taking into account the change in its position relative to the beam 2), equal to the thickness of the profile along the coordinates of the chord, they together form a complete aerodynamic profile. Elastic armor 6 equalize the fluctuation of the profile, and the installation step of the rods 5 is determined by the allowable deviation of the bow of the profile from the set. When the initial length of the armor 6 on each side of the armor 6 of the rarefied part of the profile relative to the chord of the profile (as more convex) is shorter than armor 6 of the pressure part of the sail-wing. To compensate for fluctuations in the lengths of the armor plate, they have the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the beam 2 in the rear part, and the rods 5 are articulated with the armor plate 6. When changing the tack, the incoming air flow changes its sign to the opposite, while the position of the armor 6 with the casing 7 and rods 5 is mirrored relative to the beam 2 (see the dotted contour of the aerodynamic profile in figure 2). In this way, a clear shift of the sail-wing is carried out when moving with different tacks.

The optimal operation of the proposed sail-wing with high aerodynamic quality in the range of angles of attack of 0-20 degrees is carried out by trimmer 11, remotely controlled by the crew by any of the known methods (sheets, hydraulics, radio, etc.). Trimmer 11 sets the required angle of attack of the sail-wing and holds it with all fluctuations in the direction of the ship and the wind, which frees the crew from working with the sail on the selected tack. Also, trimmer 11 can put the sail-wing in zero thrust mode. In the event of an emergency or the need for movement at supercritical angles of attack, incl. fordewind course, control of the sail-wing is carried out manually using a false boom 12. In the same way, you can control small sails, where the use of trimmer 11 is optional.

Due to the fact that the wind with a change in height from the surface changes strength and direction over a wide range, it is advisable to produce a high sail-wing from separate sections located on the same axis. Each section, controlled by trimmer 11, provides maximum traction in its altitude range. When switching to manual control, the sections are locked together by any known method, for example, with a locking finger. Depending on the required mast height, the number of sections can be more than one. In Fig. 1, sections A and B are interconnected via washers 3, which independently rotate relative to each other, with each subsequent section being fixed on top by cables 4.

Alternatively, the swivel sections can be worn on the mast with the possibility of independent rotation around it.

The proposed original design of the sail-wing due to the work at low angles of attack, high aerodynamic quality of the wing profile, reducing heeling moment and the drift of the vessel, as well as a more advanced automation system with sail control, gives advantages over known sails.

Thus, the use of the proposed sail-wing with the use of rigid and flexible elements defining an aerodynamic profile will significantly improve the navigation capabilities of sailing vessels of all known types, i.e. realize the goal of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. Sail-wing mounted on a swivel mast, characterized in that it consists of a set of rigid symmetrical beams that define the pressure side of the profile of the sail-wing, fixed on the mast, flexible armor, bearing sheathing of the sail-wing, as well as from rods passing through the beams and connecting between themselves flexible plates, which together with the beams determine the rarefied side of the profile of the sail-wing, rotating around the axis of the mast and controlled by a trimmer that sets the required angle of attack, and the axis of rotation of the mast itself is located in front t of the airfoil center of pressure of the wing-sail to 3-15 percent of its chord. 2. Sail-wing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of composite sections independently rotating around the axis of the mast.

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