RU2519532C2 - External heat supply engine built around parson's oscillating piston engine drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to external heat supply engines. This engine comprises working piston and displacer pistons in different cylinders. Output shaft incorporates the crank articulated via con-rod with working piston. Oscillating sleeve with shaft fitted therein are pivoted inside said housing on one axle. Both sleeve and shaft are equipped with cranks articulated via con-rods with displacer pistons. In-cylinder spaces above displacer pistons are hot chambers. In-cylinder spaces under displacer pistons are cold chambers. Working medium is fed from hot chambers into cold chambers via heaters, regenerators and coolers. Cold chambers are communicated via working medium lines with appropriate above-piston and under-piston chambers of the cylinder with working piston. Engine runs with phase shift between working piston and displacer piston.

EFFECT: working cycle approximates to ideal Stirling cycle.

12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engines with an external supply of heat (Stirling engines) and can be used in their designs.

A known engine with an external supply of heat with a rhombic mechanism for converting motion [1], characterized by the use of gears to synchronize the rotation of two shafts, each of which can be driven.

A disadvantage of the known engine with an external supply of heat is that its motion conversion mechanism does not provide optimal changes in the volume of the hot cylinder cavity, its thermodynamic cycle is not close to the ideal Stirling cycle, in which it should be possible to accelerate the movement of the displacement piston in the stages of the working process corresponding to expansion and regenerative return of the working fluid from a hot cavity to a cold one.

A known engine with an external heat supply with a motion conversion mechanism based on elliptical gears [2], which ensures the slowing-down of the displacement piston into the calculated phases of movement, thereby bringing the law of the volume of the hot cavity of the cylinder closer to the ideal Stirling cycle.

A disadvantage of the known engine with an external supply of heat is the complexity of manufacturing elliptical gears, their low load capacity, noise operation and significant power losses in such gearing.

Known engine with external heat supply, containing a lever-cam mechanism for converting movement [3], providing movement of the displacement piston and changes in the volume of the hot cylinder cavity according to a law close to the ideal Stirling cycle, characterized in that the working and displacement pistons are connected by symmetrical connecting rods to rods that rotate double-shaft shafts through crank rods. Two-track shafts are interconnected by a mechanism for changing the phase angle.

A disadvantage of the known engine with external heat supply is the low reliability of the lever-cam drive mechanism and its complexity due to the large number of elements involved in the conversion of movement.

A four-link link mechanism with an adjustable gear ratio [4] is known, comprising a slider rigidly mounted in the housing with the possibility of displacement, in the axis of which a double link rotates, in the grooves of which rollers belonging to cranks of equal length slide and roll. At equal distances from the axis of the cranks to the axis of the slider, the rotation from one crank is transmitted to another with a constant gear ratio. If you move the slider, then when the master crank rotates, the follower rotates with the same ratio, but variable inside the period.

The known mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine [5] is a prototype that provides rotation and vibration in the cylinder of two piston sectors. The mechanism is reconstructed and described below.

There is a known thermal diagram of an engine with an external supply of heat, proposed by Robert and James Stirling in 1827 with a working and displacement pistons in different cylinders [1].

The purpose of the invention is to use in a motor with an external heat input a compact, balanced mechanism that ensures deceleration-acceleration of the displacer piston in the design phases of motion, thereby bringing the law of change in the volume of the hot cavity of the cylinder closer to the ideal Stirling cycle.

This goal is achieved in that the engine with an external supply of heat based on the mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine, containing a working piston and displacing pistons in different cylinders, characterized in that the output shaft is provided with a crank, with a connecting rod, articulated with a working piston, and the vibrating sleeve and the shaft placed in it are pivotally mounted in the housing in one axis, offset with respect to the axis of the output shaft, equipped with cranks pivotally connected by means of connecting rods to the pistons Iteli, the inner cylinder spaces above the displacing pistons are hot cavities, and the inner cylinder spaces under the displacing pistons are cold cavities, into which the working fluid comes from the corresponding hot cavities, after passing through heaters, regenerators and coolers, while the cold cavities are connected by the mains of the working fluid with the corresponding over-piston and under-piston cavities of the cylinder in which the working piston is located, and, in the engine, the presence of phase th shift between the working piston and the displacing pistons.

In FIG. 1 shows a reconstructed model of the known Parsons vibrating piston engine mechanism [5], side view.

In FIG. 2 shows a section A1-A1 in FIG. 1 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the vibrating Parsons piston engine corresponding to the smallest angle between the levers.

In FIG. 3 shows a section A2-A2 in FIG. 1 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine corresponding to the bisectral angle between the levers.

In FIG. 4 shows a section A3-A3 in FIG. 1 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the vibrating Parsons piston engine corresponding to the largest angle between the levers.

In FIG. 5 shows a section A4-A4 in FIG. 1 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the vibrating Parsons piston engine corresponding to the combined position of the rocker arms and levers.

In FIG. 6 shows a simplified view of an engine with an external supply of heat based on the Parsons vibrating piston engine mechanism [5], general view.

In Fig.7 shows a section B1-B1 in Fig.6 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the vibrating Parsons reciprocating engine, corresponding to being in the top dead center of the working piston.

On Fig shows a section B1-B1 in Fig.7.

Figure 9 shows a section B2-B2 in figure 6 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine, corresponding to being in the top dead center of the displacer piston connected through a crank to a lever having a rotation axis in the form of a sleeve.

Figure 10 shows a section B2-B2 in figure 9.

In Fig.11 shows a section B3-B3 in Fig.6 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine, corresponding to being in the top dead center of the displacer piston, connected through a crank with a lever having a rotation axis in the form of a shaft.

In Fig.12 shows a section B3-B3 in Fig.11.

The well-known mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine [5] contains (see FIG. 1 - FIG. 5) a housing 1 in which a strap 2 is installed, in which a beam 4 is rigidly mounted in the axis A on the shaft 3, each of which arms a and b are each by means of links 5 and 6 having shoulders c and d, connected to levers 7 and 8 having shoulders e and h. The lever 7, having a hinge in the form of a sleeve 9, is installed in the bar 10 in the axis B, offset by a distance g with respect to the axis A. The lever 8, having a hinge in the form of a shaft 11, is installed in the sleeve 9 with the coincidence of the axes of the sleeve 9 and the shaft 11 .

An engine with an external heat supply based on the Parsons vibrating piston engine mechanism [5] contains (see Fig. 6 - Fig. 12) a spacer 12 between the cold cylinder body 13 and the hot cylinder body 14, in which the axis 15 is hinged in the axis And the output shaft 16 is installed with a flywheel 17, which is articulated by means of a crank 18 and a connecting rod 19 with the rod of the working piston 20 placed in a cold cylinder 21 installed in the housing of the cold cylinder 13. A guide element of a rectilinear motion is fixed to the rod of the working piston 20 tions 22, which interacts with the inner surface of the cold cylinder 21 in its lower part.

Inside the main neck of the output shaft 16 from the housing side of the hot cylinders 14, a rocker 23 rigidly mounted in the form of a disk with a flywheel function is rigidly mounted in axis A. The beam 23 by means of balanced links 24 and 25 is connected to the balanced levers 26 and 27. The lever 26 has a hinge in the form of a sleeve, in which the lever 27 is pivotally mounted, having a hinge in the form of a shaft. The common axis of the levers is pivotally mounted in the housing of the levers 28 in the axis B, in which the axis of the levers B has a calculated offset g relative to the axis A of the output shaft 16. The housing of the levers 28 is connected to the housing of the hot cylinders 14, in which the hot cylinders 29 and 30 s are installed placed in them by pistons-displacers 31 and 32, having along the rods the guiding elements of rectilinear movement 33, interacting with the inner surfaces of the cylinders in their lower part. The displacer pistons 31 and 32 are pivotally connected with the rods 34 and 35 to the cranks of the levers 36 and 37, mechanically fixed to them or made with them as a whole at a design angle, which ensures the movement of the displacer pistons 31, 32 and changes in the volume of hot cavities cylinders 29 and 30 according to the optimal law, bringing the thermodynamic cycle closer to the ideal Stirling cycle. An engine with an external heat supply based on the Parsons vibrating piston engine mechanism [5] also contains elements of the heat exchange system in graphic materials not shown: heater, cooler, regenerator, working fluid communication lines.

Indicated by arrows and marked:

k and l are the supra-piston and sub-piston cavities of the cold cylinder;

m and n, p and r are the over-piston and under-piston cavities of the hot cylinders.

The known mechanism of a vibrating Parsons reciprocating engine [5] works as follows (see figure 1 - figure 5).

In the housing 1 on the bar 2, the rocker 4, rigidly mounted on the shaft 3, rotating in axis A by means of links 5 and 6, transmits rotation to the levers 7 and 8 having hinges on the bar 10 in axis B in the form of a sleeve 9 and a shaft 11.

In Fig.2 shows a section A1-A1 in Fig.1 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the vibrating Parsons piston engine corresponding to the smallest angle between the levers. When the rotation of the rocker 4 in the direction of the arrow, the lever 7, slowing down the movement, and the lever 8, accelerating the movement, will occupy the position shown in Fig.3. In this position of the mechanism elements, the angular velocities of the rocker arm 4 and the levers 7 and 8 are equal. With further rotation of the rocker arm 4 in the direction of the arrow, the lever 7, accelerating the movement, and the lever 8, slowing down the movement, will occupy the position shown in figure 4. In this position of the elements of the mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine, the angular velocity of the lever 7 is greatest, and the angular velocity of the lever 8 is the smallest. Rocker 4 in relation to the position depicted in figure 2, rotated 180 degrees. The angle between the levers in this position is the largest. With further rotation of the rocker arm 4 in the direction of the arrow, the levers 7, 8 and the rocker arm 4 itself will occupy the position depicted in figure 2, having made a complete revolution.

Figure 5 shows a section A4-A4 in figure 1 in the position of the elements of the mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine, corresponding to the combined position of the axes A and B of the rocker arm 4 and levers 7 and 8. In this position of the axes A and B, rotation from the rocker 4 to levers 7 and 8 is transmitted with a constant gear ratio of one.

The dimensions of the arms of the levers 7 and 8, the rocker 4, links 5 and 6 and the displacement of the common axis B of the levers 5 and 6 with respect to the axis A of the rocker 4 determine the nature of the movement of the levers 7 and 8 and, as a result, the gear ratio of their speeds to the speed of the rocker 4 inside the rotation period.

An engine with an external supply of heat based on the mechanism of the Parsons vibrating piston engine [5] works as follows.

The inner cylinder spaces m and p above the displacing pistons 31 and 32 are hot cavities into which the working fluid enters heated from special heat exchangers (not shown in graphic materials). The inner cylinder spaces n and r under the displacing pistons 31 and 32 are cold cavities into which the working fluid enters from the corresponding hot cavities after passing through heaters, regenerators and coolers (not shown in graphic materials). Thus, the movement of the displacing pistons 31 and 32 provides a redistribution of the working fluid in the cylinders 29 and 30 between the hot and cold cavities.

Additionally, the cold cavities n and r of the cylinders 29 and 30 are connected by the mains of the working fluid with the corresponding k and l cavities of the cold cylinder 21, in which the working piston 20 is located. The mutual arrangement of the levers with the cranks 36 and 37 with respect to the crank 18 provides a phase shift between the working the piston 20 and the displacing pistons 31 and 32. Moreover, due to mirror symmetry in the movement of the displacing pistons, the phase shift of the working processes in the cylinders 29 and 30 is 180 degrees.

When the piston-displacer 31 is located near the top dead center, the working fluid in the cylinder 29 is concentrated mainly in the cold cavity. In this case, the movement of the working piston 20 provides compression of the cold working fluid. At the same time, in the cylinder 30, the piston-displacer 32 is located near the bottom dead center, the working fluid in this cylinder is concentrated mainly in the hot cavity. Accordingly, the movement of the working piston 20 provides in this cylinder the expansion of the hot working fluid. Thus, the flow of the working process is ensured according to the principle of the Stirling engine.

The presence of a mechanism that accelerates and slows down the rotation of the levers 36 and 37 relative to the crank 18, provides the possibility of accelerating the movement of the displacing pistons 31 and 32 in the stages of the working process, corresponding to the expansion and regenerative return of the working fluid from the hot cavity to the cold, thereby bringing the working process closer to perfect Stirling cycle.

Information sources

1. G. Walker. Stirling engines. Per. from English - M. Mechanical Engineering, 1985, pp. 84-87, 234, 235.

2. Patent of Ukraine without substantive examination 12513A. - Motor drive with external heat input, publ. 02/28/1997, bull. No. 1.

3. Patent of Ukraine for utility model UA 34284. - The drive mechanism of an external combustion engine (Stirling), publ. 08/11/2008, bull. No. 15.

4. I.I. Artobolevsky, "Mechanisms in modern technology" in 7 volumes, Moscow, "Science", 1979, p. 49, mechanism 936.

5.http: //www.douglas-self.com/MUSEUM/POWER/vibratory/vibrate.htm Parson's Engine ANIMATED

Claims (1)

An engine with an external heat supply, comprising a working piston and displacing pistons in different cylinders, characterized in that the output shaft is provided with a crank, which is pivotally connected to the working piston via a connecting rod, and pivotally mounted in the housing in one axis, offset from the axis of the output the shaft, the vibrating sleeve and the shaft inserted into it are provided with cranks pivotally connected by means of connecting rods to the displacing pistons, the inner cylinder spaces above the displacing pistons are hot cavities, and the inside the cylinder spaces under the displacing pistons are cold cavities, into which the working fluid comes from the corresponding hot cavities, after passing through heaters, regenerators and coolers, while the cold cavities are connected by the working fluid lines to the corresponding supra-piston and under-piston cavities of the cylinder in which the working piston is located moreover, the presence of a phase shift between the working piston and the displacing pistons is ensured in the engine.

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