RU2517834C1 - Device for mechanical processing grain mass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for mechanical processing of the grain mass comprises a charging hopper, a dispenser, a percussive mechanism and an unloading hopper. The percussive mechanism is made in the form of a spreading disc and a cylindrical reflector. The reflector is attached to the disc with the ability of conjoint rotation. The spreading disc comprises radial plates. The arcuate plates are attached to the outer ends of the radial plates. The arcuate plates form a secondary reflector. Increase in quality of grain processing is provided.

EFFECT: optimised energy costs.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the protection of grain stocks from pests, and can also be used for other purposes, for example for preplant seed treatment.

For a long time, people have been fighting pests of agriculture and the most dangerous of them are representatives of the Acariformes family, which penetrate the mass of grain, multiply in grains, affecting seed germ.

Products to be used in food cannot be disinfected by the use of chemicals, as this is harmful to human health and, in addition, chemicals can destroy not only harmful but also beneficial insects. Radiation installations are also undesirable for controlling harmful insects due to residual, sometimes prolonged, radioactivity after grain processing.

The most reliable, simplest in design and operation are mechanical devices of domestic production.

A device for killing grain pests is known, comprising a loading hopper with a dispenser and a shock mechanism with a drive, the shock mechanism being made in the form of a guide pipe and a reflective wall mounted at the output end of the pipe with a gap, and the drive in the form of an air stream, i.e. pneumatic (Utility Model Patent No. 68860, publ. Bull No. 34, 2007). However, the processing efficiency on such a device remains low, since the flow of grain mass into the pipe, although dosed, but the mass density remains uneven. The supply of grain mass through the pipe with the help of pneumatics also turns out to be uneven and, in general, the process of impact of grains on the reflector occurs at different flight speeds, that is, it is not stable. The quality of the processed cereal mass remains low due to the presence of residual content of living organisms of various forms, in particular, inside the grains.

Closest to the claimed device is a known device of the same purpose, containing a loading hopper with a dispenser, a percussion mechanism made in the form of a spreading disc with radial plates mounted on a vertical shaft, a cylindrical reflector mounted with a gap around the spreading disc, and an unloading hopper (Patent for Utility Model No. 80311, publ. Bull No. 4, 2009).

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are associated with its design features and are manifested in the following:

- the flight path of each grain from the rotating disk at the moment of impact is in contact with the fixed surface of the cylindrical reflector tangentially,

- part of the energy intended for the flight and impact of grain is wasted and, accordingly, to create a greater impact force, it is necessary to increase the speed of rotation of the disk,

- it is difficult to make the correct calculation of the speed of rotation of the disk and the force of impact of the grain into the reflector in order to obtain a stable process of the device.

In addition, after hitting the cylindrical surface of the reflector, the grain in the total mass continues to fly randomly and part of it acquires a flight direction that is opposite to the mass of grain flying from a rotating disk. The quality of such grain processing remains low.

Thus, the disadvantages of the known device are associated with high energy consumption and low quality grain processing.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a device capable of more efficiently destroying grain pests.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to improve the quality of processing of grain infected with pests, in particular a barn weevil in its various life forms at optimal energy costs.

The technical result is achieved in that in a device for the mechanical processing of grain mass containing a loading hopper, a batcher, a percussion mechanism in the form of a spreading disc mounted on a vertical shaft with radially mounted plates and a cylindrical reflector located with a gap around the spreading disc, and an unloading hopper, cylindrical the reflector is mounted on the spreading disk for joint rotation, the radial plates are provided with arcuate plates attached to their outer ends stins installed with the formation on their outer surface of the secondary reflector and the limited flight zone of the grain mass.

In addition, a cylindrical reflector is attached to the spreading disc with the possibility of re-attachment to replace the entire spreading disc with another type of disc from the kit of the device for other work.

Distinctive features of the claimed device from the above known, adopted as a prototype, are the mounting of a cylindrical reflector on the spreading disc for joint rotation with it and the installation on the spreading disc of arcuate plates attached to the ends of the radial plates.

Due to the presence of these signs, the impact of grains on the reflector surface is carried out at a design angle close to the straight line, and the reflected grains at the corresponding rotation speed fall strictly on the surface of the secondary reflector with the design effort, as a result of which the quality of grain processing has improved. Thus, the flow of grain mass through the device was streamlined and the processing process became more stable.

The device shown in figures 1-3. The figure 1 shows a General view, the figure 2 - spreading disc, top view, figure 3 - spreading disc in operation. The device comprises a loading hopper 1, arranged in a common housing 2 on a vertical shaft 3, a spreading disc 4 with radial plates 5 and arcuate plates 6 attached to their ends. A cylindrical reflector 7 is attached to the spreading disc with a clearance “a”. An unloading hopper 8 is located under the spreading disc.

The operation of the device is as follows. The grain mass infected with pests, in particular barn weevil in its various life forms, enters the feed hopper 1. The amount of grain mass, determined by the capacity of the device, is sent to the middle of the spreading disc 4. When the spreading disc is rotated by centrifugal forces, the radial plates 5 direct the infected grain mass on a cylindrical reflector 7, while the contact angle at the moment of grain impact on the surface of the reflector occurs at right angles. The reflected grain mass from the cylindrical surface is discarded onto the radial plates 5 and further, depending on the speed of rotation of the disk, it is either reflected onto the surface of the cylindrical reflector 7 again or lowered by gravity through the gap “a” into the discharge hopper 8. Grain mechanical impact force and the pests contained in them about the surface of the cylindrical reflector is regulated depending on the state of the grain mass and life forms of the pests by changing the rotation speed of the spreading disk 4 .

It is known that the maximum allowable speed in the collision of grain with a solid reflector is in the range (21-22) m / s. At higher speeds, grain trauma occurs. The mechanical destruction and destruction of the life forms of the weevil comes from a collision at a speed of 6 m / s. Therefore, the angular velocity of rotation of the vertical shaft 3 should correspond to the collision speed of the infected grain mass with a cylindrical reflector in the range from 6 to 20 m / s, at which grain injury does not occur, but all life forms of bread pests are mechanically destroyed. The most optimal value for reliable operation of the device is an interval of 15 to 20 m / s.

To test the claimed device, an experimental sample was created on the basis of the mineral fertilizer spreader L-116, which is aggregated with an MTZ-82 tractor with a power take-off shaft (PTO) speed of up to 540 rpm. In the process of production tests, video recording and fixing of the results obtained, which are summarized in the table, was made.

Table 1 Key manufacturing test results PTO revolutions, rpm N p / p Survival of adult forms,% Egg survival,% Productivity, t / h Grain crushing,% Grain germination,% one 0 one hundred one hundred 0.5 98 2 one hundred 92 one hundred There are surviving forms of pests 0.5 97 3 200 eleven 84 0.5 98 four 300 0 27 0.5 99 5 400 0 0 23 0.5 98 6 540 0 0 thirty 0.6 98

For research, wheat grain “Moskovskaya-39” of the 2011 harvest and artificially infected with weevil up to grade III infection (more than 10 weevils per 1 kg of grain) was used. Grain contamination was determined according to GOST 13586.6-93 “Grain. Methods for determining pest infection ”and GOST 27559-87“ Flour and bran. Method for the determination of contamination and contamination by pests of grain stocks. "

The table shows that the complete destruction of all life forms of weevil occurs when the PTO speed is 400-540 rpm, while the grain crushing remains almost normal (0.5-0.6)%. Also, the germination of grain does not change.

The design of the device was created with the possibility of its universalization by replacing the spreading disk with a disk of a different type from the set of the device for processing grains of other crops or other works, for example, pre-sowing seed treatment using centrifugal forces.

Claims (2)

1. A device for the mechanical processing of grain mass, comprising a loading hopper, a batcher, a percussion mechanism made in the form of a spreading disc mounted on a vertical shaft with radial plates, a cylindrical reflector installed with a gap around the spreading disc, and an unloading hopper, characterized in that it is cylindrical the reflector is attached to the spreading disk with the possibility of joint rotation, the radial plates are provided attached to their outer ends and the spreading disk of the arc shaped plates mounted with the formation of a secondary reflector. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spreading disk is mounted on a vertical shaft with the possibility of replacement with a component disk of the same or another type.

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