RU2517222C1 - Device to clean soil of oil products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reclamation of soils contaminated with oil products, decontamination of soils, liquidation of oil spillage, etc. Proposed device comprises intake bin, mixer, crusher, cleaned soil handling device, screw conveyor and vibrator. Crusher is arranged above intake bin and communicated via screw conveyor with mixer. Mixer represents and encased horizontal screw mixer with pelletised sorbent dispenser arranged at its top part. Mixer outlet is connected via screw conveyor with drier bin. Drier is composed by housing accommodating belt conveyors to carry the material along the drier and to pour it down onto belt conveyor. Conveyor top runs contact with vibrators mounted there under. Said vibrators are composed by roller eccentrics with individual or group drive. Burners to combust sorbent with oil products are arranged in drier housing above said conveyors. Drier top section accommodates the off-gas collection chamber communicated with cyclone and absorber via smoke sucker. Cleaned soil handling device is mounted at outlet of the last conveyor and composed by discharge channel connected with opening in drier housing sidewall to be closed by shutter.

EFFECT: higher intensity of oil removal irrespective of seasons.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the protection of the environment, namely the reclamation of lands contaminated with oil products, neutralization of the soil, the elimination of emergency oil spills and oil products.

A device for cleaning contaminants of a capillary-porous medium, including a chamber for placing the medium to be cleaned with electrodes connected to a direct current source, a container with a liquid to be cleaned and a container for waste liquid (RU 2106432 C1, IPC 6 C25C 1/22, publ. 10.03 . 1998).

A known line for cleaning oil-contaminated soils, soil and oil sludge containing a hopper, screw conveyor, oil overflow tank, vibrating screen, loading grate, washing unit (RU 2244686 C1, IPC C02F 1/40, publ. 20.01. 2005).

The disadvantage of the above analog devices is the design complexity and the cost of cleaning oil-contaminated soils, soils and oil sludges, which consists in a multi-operation cleaning process.

Closest to the proposed device is the installation, taken as a prototype, containing a hopper with a mixing device, with a device for transporting liquid in the form of a screw conveyor into the overflow tank and a device for outputting solid inclusions, a washing fluid supply system, a vibrator (RU 2330734 C1, IPC B09C 1/00, published on 08/10/2008).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of efficiency in cleaning the soil from oil products, additional economic costs necessary for mixing the contaminated material with water, washing the contaminated material with water, separation of the purified material into liquid and solid phases, that is, water and oil products. The inability to operate the device in the cold season, since the water used to wash the soil from oil freezes, which reduces the effectiveness of cleaning the soil from oil products.

The objective of the proposed device for cleaning the soil from petroleum products is to increase the efficiency of cleaning the soil from petroleum products, as well as reducing the economic costs of additional operations, such as: mixing contaminated material with water, washing the contaminated material with water, separation of the purified material into liquid and solid phases.

The technical result from the use of a device for cleaning soil from oil products is achieved by the fact that it includes a receiving hopper, a mixing device, a device for shipping cleaned soil, a screw conveyor, a vibrator, in contrast to the prototype, it is equipped with a crusher installed under the receiving hopper connected by a screw conveyor with mixing device, made in the form of a horizontally located screw mixer in the housing, in the upper part of which a dispenser for granular sorbent is installed, The drying device is connected by a screw conveyor to the dryer hopper, which is a casing with belt conveyors located on it one above the other, along which the material moves along the dryer and is poured into a lower belt conveyor, the upper branches of the conveyors are in contact with the vibrators installed under them, made in the form of roller eccentrics with individual or group drive, burners are installed in the dryer housing under the conveyors for burning the sorbent of an adsorbing oil product , in the upper part of the dryer there is a chamber for collecting exhaust gases, connected through a cyclone and an absorber to a smoke exhauster, and a device for shipping cleaned soil is placed at the outlet of the last conveyor and represents a drain channel connected to an opening made in the lower part of the side wall of the dryer body, lockable gate.

General view of the device shown in the drawing.

The device includes a receiving hopper 1, a crusher 2, a screw conveyor 3, a mixing hopper 4, a mixing device 5 in the form of a screw mixer, a dispenser 6 for granular sorbent, a hopper 7, a conveyor belt 8, a leading 9 and a driven 10 rollers, a tunnel type dryer 11 , roller eccentrics 12 of the vibrator 13, a gas burner 14, a fan 15 for supplying air to the dryer, a chamber 16 for collecting exhaust gases, a cyclone 17, an absorber 18, a smoke exhauster 19, a gate 20, an outlet channel 21, an opening 22.

The operation of the device is as follows.

Soil contaminated with oil products through a loader bucket (not shown) is fed into a receiving hopper 1, built into the upper part of the crusher 2, in which pieces of soil are ground.

The crushed soil with petroleum products using a screw conveyor 3 is moved into the hopper 4 of the mixing device 5 in the form of a screw mixer. The sorbent is fed into the mixer through dispenser 6. In the mixer, the soil is mixed with oil products with a sorbent, which are used: activated carbons, graphite powder with a macroporous structure, graphene-based sorbent. At the same time, it adsorbs droplets of oil adhering to the soil surface. Further, the material (soil mixed with sorbent and adsorbed oil) through a screw conveyor enters the hopper 7 of the dryer 11. From the hopper 7, the material enters the upper belt conveyor, through which it moves along the drying chamber and is poured into the lower middle conveyor and then to the lower conveyor belt. The endless belt of the conveyor 8 is stretched between the leading 9 and the driven 10 rollers. When gas is burned in the burners 14 installed in the dryer, combustible gas is formed, which penetrates the material layer on the upper, middle and lower belt conveyors 8. To maintain the combustion process, air is supplied to the dryer through the fan 15. The impact of low-frequency vibrations on the layers of material located on the upper branches of the endless belt of the conveyor 8 is created using roller eccentrics 12 of the vibrator 13. The eccentrics have an individual or group drive (not shown). Under the influence of heated gases, the sorbent with adsorbed oil products burns and turns into exhaust gases, which are collected in the chamber 16 of the dryer. The exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of the sorbent with adsorbed oil products enter the cyclone 17, and then to the absorber 18, where they are cleaned, and are released into the atmosphere using a smoke exhauster 19. When opening the gate 20, covering the hole 22, the cleaned soil is shipped from the dryer through the outlet channel 21 into a container or truck (not shown).

If necessary, the exhaust gases can be used to recover the dryer.

The implementation of the invention can significantly increase the intensity of cleaning the soil (soil) from oil products, regardless of the warm or cold season, since the operation of known analogues and prototypes based on the use of water to wash contaminated soil from oil in the winter season cannot be realized, and also reduce the economic costs of additional cleaning operations.

Claims (1)

A device for cleaning soil from oil products, containing a receiving hopper, a mixing device, a device for shipping cleaned soil, a screw conveyor, a vibrator, characterized in that it is equipped with a crusher installed under the receiving hopper, connected by a screw conveyor with a mixing device, made in the form of horizontally arranged a screw mixer housing, in the upper part of which a dispenser for granular sorbent is installed, the output of the mixing device is connected by a screw conveyor to the hopper ohm of the dryer, which is a case with belt conveyors located in it one above the other, along which the material moves along the dryer and is poured into the lower belt conveyor, the upper branches of the conveyors are in contact with the vibrators installed under them, made in the form of roller eccentrics having individual or group drive, burners are installed in the dryer housing under the conveyors for burning the sorbent with oil products, in the upper part of the dryer there is a chamber for collecting exhaust gas in coupled through the cyclone and the absorber with exhauster, and for loading the purified soil device is located at the outlet of the last conveyor and the discharge channel is connected to an opening provided in the sidewall of the dryer housing, a closable gate valve.