RU2516354C2 - Method to manufacture 3d building element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in particular, to the method to manufacture a 3D building element. The 3D building element is mainly made of plate stocks of material cut by size. Stocks are stage by stage cut from at least one material band, and then connected to each other in the form of a building element.

EFFECT: reduced material consumption.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional building element, mainly made of plate-shaped material blanks cut to size, which blanks are phased out from at least one material strand, and then connected to each other in the form of a building element.

In the construction of wooden structures, the option of building from solid wooden parts is increasingly being used. With this option, the walls or floors are made of solid elements made of wood or wood materials. The advantage of this method of operation is that walls or ceilings can be pre-made at the factory in the form of ready-made, assembled together wall or ceiling elements. First, solid elements of wood or wood materials are made from several layers of boards or plates, in particular by cross-gluing. In the following steps, according to plan, these solid block-plates are cut into solid elements made of wood or wood materials.

The usual manufacturing method has drawbacks, in particular, when cutting holes, for example, for windows or doors, since in this case the windows are made by sawing in a solid flat element.

From the European patent EP 1992758 A2, the described process for the continuous production of modular wall and ceiling elements (floor elements), necessary, for example, to create a refrigeration room, is known. The previously known method involves cutting the wall and ceiling elements necessary for creating a three-dimensional building structure in the form of fragments of an infinite strand of material in order to join the material cuttings used as wall and ceiling elements in the contact areas in the corner regions of the building structure using connecting elements. Since large door or window openings are not made in wall and ceiling elements, the walls and ceilings of the building to be manufactured can be made from continuous large wall or ceiling elements, and the problem of material waste in the method known in European patent EP 1992758 A2 is not too acute.

From the international application WO 2006/039761 A1 and the German application DE 19846599 A1, various modular partitioning systems are known in which each partition is made of the corresponding number of wall panels, the wall panels being joined into the tongue by their narrow sides adjoining each other or into the tongue and groove. Since these previously known partition systems also do not require extensive door and window openings, in the case of these partition systems, the problem of trimming the material is also not worth it.

Therefore, the task was to create a way of working described at the beginning of the form, which is characterized by significantly reduced material consumption.

According to the invention, the solution of this problem when implementing the method described at the beginning of the form consists, in particular, in that the building element is divided into plates (flat parts), which in turn are segmented into sections of plates oriented in the longitudinal or transverse direction, in that that dividing lines of sections of at least one flat part having at least one large hole are laid in the connection area between the longitudinally oriented and transversely oriented adjacent to them areas of the plates, limiting there a large hole in a flat part, in that areas of the plates,

consisting of the same building material, arranged in a row relative to each other so that the sections of the plates of at least one plate could be projected onto at least one strand of material, and that this at least one strand of material is then they are cut into sections of plates, after which sections of one plate, individually cut in such a way from at least one material strand, are connected to each other in a plate (flat part).

The method according to the invention provides for the division of the building element in the first stage of calculations or design into plates (flat parts), and, for example, each surface of a wall or ceiling lying in the same plane can form a plate. Then, at the next stage of the design or calculations, the individual flat parts are segmented in each case into sections of flat parts oriented along or across the plane part, so as to subsequently place dividing lines between sections of the plane parts in the area of closure. At the next stage of the design or calculations, sections of at least one flat part to be made of the same building or working material are placed on a material strand, which is then suitably cut into sections of flat parts. Then, the sections of the flat part, thus obtained from at least one strand of material., Can be connected to each other into a flat part, so that in the next step of the work to combine the flat parts in the right place in a three-dimensional building element.

Building or working materials used for cutting sections of a flat part may differ from each other in the material itself, in the thickness of the material, and / or in the coating of the surfaces, or in any other suitable way. When implementing the method according to the invention, the flat parts serving as wall or floor elements are preliminarily made from several sections of the flat part, given their large openings. The prefabricated sections of flat parts that can be assembled in a special way can be assembled into a flat part that plays the role of, for example, a wall element or floor element. Since when implementing the method according to the invention, large openings for windows or doors do not have to be made by sawing in a solid wall or ceiling element, the method according to the invention is characterized by significant material savings.

In order to be able to use particularly strong building and structural materials in particularly loaded parts of a three-dimensional building structure, it is advisable to cut sections of at least one flat part of the building element (building structure) of at least two cords consisting of different materials.

Plots of flat parts cut from a strand of material can be especially simply and for a long time connected to a flat part that serves, for example, as a wall or ceiling element, if the sections of the flat part are provided with a connecting profile at least in the area of their dividing lines.

In order to be able to connect parts of flat parts that are not necessarily parallel to the edges of the plates, it is advisable that the clamping force necessary to fix the sections of any flat part be directed perpendicular to the plane of this part, and / or that the direction of action of the pressure hold down necessary to connect the sections of any flat part was parallel to the plane of this part.

In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, it is provided that the portions of the plates are mated with each other by a suitable selection of joints with geometric, power and material closure. While a geometric closure can be provided, for example, in the case of a glued profile by a wedge-shaped joint, and a force closure is created by the force applied during pressing or acting on the plane of the wedge during splicing, material closure can be created, for example, by gluing or welding . If the joints between sections of flat parts are combined with each other by means of connecting with a geometric or material closure, then it is also simple to create a tight connection for a long time.

The joints between the sections of the flat parts can be given a different shape, for example, they can be straight or arched, may have a protrusion or not have it. For better load transfer in the joint area, it is also possible to perform a trapezoid joint. Therefore, it is advisable that the dividing lines between the sections of the flat parts to be connected to each other, be selected from an appropriate set of straight, arcuate or trapezoidal joints.

It is advisable to prune sections of flat parts using any cutting method. In this case, the separation of a strand of material originally made in an endless form is carried out by cutting perpendicularly and / or at an angle to a flat part. The separation can be carried out, for example, by sawing or milling. When making cutouts for doors or windows to fix a portion of a flat part during the manufacturing process, spacers can be installed.

Other features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention in combination with the claims as well as with the drawing. A more detailed explanation of the present invention is given based on the following embodiment.

A detailed description of the individual steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention is given based on figures 1-8.

The method presented here is intended for the manufacture of a three-dimensional building element (three-dimensional building structure) 1. As an example, this building structure 1 is shown in figure 1 as a building without decoration. Building structure 1 is made mainly of cut out material plates, which are partially cut out of at least one material strand, and then connected to each other 6 in the form of building structure 1.

The figure 1 shows that the building structure 1 at the first stage of calculation or design is divided into flat parts A, B, C, D, E and F, and, for example, each wall or ceiling surface lying in the same plane can form a flat part A, B, C, D, E or F.

These flat parts, successively adjacent to each other in projection onto the strand in Figure 2, are then segmented, as can be seen from Figure 3, into sections of the flat parts 2 oriented along or across the flat parts.

The figure 4 shows that the sections of the flat part 2, consisting of the same building or structural material, in the next stage of calculation or design are arranged in a row one after another so that the sections of the flat parts can be projected onto at least one strand of material .

Flat parts A, B, C, D, E, and F, provided, for example, for wall or ceiling elements, should be considered as composite building parts, and when assembling sections of flat parts 2, the formation of large door or window openings can be provided with material savings. Due to the assembly of sections 2 of the flat part, considered as a whole building part, each section of the flat part 2 can be made taking into account material savings. Thus, the manufacturing method presented here makes it possible to achieve significant material savings, which are obtained mainly by segmenting (preliminary) each flat part A, B, C, D, E, and F into sections of flat parts with minimal waste.

In this case, the dimensioning of sections of flat parts 2 is carried out by preliminary cutting of standardized blank elements and / or the production of sections of flat parts 2 by size. In each case, the composition of the flat parts A, B, C, D, E, and F can be homogeneous or not, and sections 2 of at least one flat part of the building structure 1 can also be cut from at least two cords consisting of different building materials . The method presented here can be used in the processing of all building or structural materials in the form of plates. A preferred application of the present method, however, is to use plates of a building or structural material of wood or wood material. Thus, parts of the flat parts 2 can be made as solid wood elements or, for example, from OSB, chipboard or a combination of these materials.

Building or working materials used for cutting sections 2 of a flat part may differ from each other in the material itself, in the thickness of the material, and / or in the coating of the surfaces, or in any other suitable way. Thus, the sections 2 of the flat parts that are supposed to be connected into an integral element A, B, C, D, E or F do not have to be made of the same structural or building material.

When sections 2 of at least one flat part that are to be made of a strand of the same building or structural material are projected onto a strand consisting of the desired material, this at least one material strand can then be cut into sections of the flat part 2, and then, the portions of the flat part A, B, C, D, and F thus selected from at least one strand of material are connected to each other in a flat part.

Flat parts, which are divided into necessary sections of flat parts 2 during the preparation process and then serve, for example, as wall or ceiling elements, are finally processed using optimized cutting systems from pre-prepared plates (cf. Figure 3).

In figures 5 and 6 it is shown that the sections of the flat parts 3 in the next stage of operation can be provided with a connecting profile 3, which facilitates the subsequent connection of the sections of the flat parts 2 in an endless ribbon.

The manufacture of the connecting profile can be carried out in the previous workflow using the chip-removing method, and it is possible, for example, to select the sequence of steps "profile milling - gluing - transportation - gluing - clamping - pressing". Sections 2 of the flat part are connected in a continuous strand in the next step. It is also possible that the production of the connecting profile using the chip-removing method takes place immediately before the subsequent joining process, so that the sequence of steps could look like “clamp (horizontal / vertical) - milling - gluing - pressing”. Another possibility is to provide a connecting profile in the preceding manufacturing process of the respective sections of flat parts, for example, by gluing a profile strip.

From a comparison of figures 5 and 6, it appears that the connecting profile does not have to extend over the entire construction part. On the contrary, it may be sufficient to provide portions of the flat part 2 with a connecting profile only in the area of the dividing lines. Due to the peculiarity of the dipping tool, connecting profiles can also be entered only in the cross-sectional area of the building part, necessary for connecting sections of the flat part 2.

The figure 7 shows that when bonding sections 2 of the flat part into the flat part itself, the necessary clamping pressure acts perpendicular to the plane of the part. This makes it possible to connect sections of the flat parts 2, not necessarily having parallel edges.

The connection of individual sections of the flat parts 2 can be carried out with power, geometric and / or material closure. Moreover, the connection of the joints between the parts 2 of the flat part of the joints with a geometric or material closure allows you to create a tight connection for a long time.

A connection with a material circuit can be created by gluing or welding. To connect with a geometric closure, you can use a wedge-shaped stud connection or an adhesive profile. The connection with the power circuit is realized by the pressing force required during compression of the building elements, or by means of the force acting at the level of the wedge of the stud joint.

The manufacture of a flat part, serving, for example, as a wall or floor element, is carried out by providing horizontal and vertical channels or openings left in the flat part, which can be used, for example, as channels for equipment.

From figure 1 it is seen that the joints between the adjacent parts of the flat parts 2 can have a different shape, for example, be straight or arched or have a protrusion or not have it. In the area of the window openings in figure 1 it is shown that the joints can be made in the form of a trapezoid in order to achieve better load transfer in the joint area.

The manufacture of a material short-circuit joint is carried out using adhesives or other suitable joint means, the joint qualities of which are manifested by pressure, heat and / or time. Moreover, the connection between the sections of the flat parts 2 can also be realized by pressing or gluing with or without heat supply. Other types of joints are also possible, such as, for example, bonded joints or dowel joints.

The holes provided in the flat parts, intended for example for window or doorways, do not have to be rectangular in shape.

From figure 7 it can be understood that the total clamping force required to connect the sections of the flat parts 2 can be created by the clamping elements, the pressure of which is regulated in parts, which parts must be adjusted in accordance with the clamping pressure required for the section of the sections of the flat parts 2.

The manufacturing method presented here allows you to create tight (without gaps) corner joints or the corners of the walls. Such tight corner joints are useful, for example, in the abutting sections “wall to wall”, “ceiling to wall” or “ceiling to roof”. Plots of flat parts can be connected to each other, for example, bringing them together using special corner elements (for example, a T-shaped connection).

After the sections 2 of the flat parts are projected onto the corresponding material strands, the separation of the ribbon of elements, first made in an endless form, is carried out by cutting perpendicularly and / or at some angle to the flat part. In the case of roof sheets, cutting may be required at an angle to a relatively flat part. Separation can be done by sawing or milling. When making cutouts for doors or windows, spacers can also be installed to secure the corresponding part in the manufacturing process. Such spacers are designed to prevent the "folding" of building parts.

Figure 8 shows that sections of flat parts, if necessary equipped with a suitable, for example, appropriate application purpose, connection profile, are combined in appropriate places into an endless tape so that the tape can then be divided or shortened to the necessary wall elements or floor elements from flat parts .

The scope of the manufacturing method presented in this text goes beyond the scope of application as load-bearing or non-load-bearing wall elements or floor elements in construction. This area of application also includes housing and industrial construction. Other applications in the construction industry are, for example, bridge building. Lamellar building elements made in accordance with the method according to the invention can also be used in construction as facade cladding systems, soundproofing elements, and the like. Other use cases possible with the modular construction method are, for example, the manufacture of residential trailers, the internal arrangement of ships, the construction of exhibition stands, summer cottages, modular buildings (educational, residential or work containers).

Claims (7)

1. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional building element (1), made mainly of cut flat material elements, which are cut into separate sections from at least one material strand, and then connected to each other in the form of a building element (1), characterized in that the building element (1) is divided into plates (flat parts A, B, C, D, F), which, in turn, segment into sections of plates oriented in the direction along or across the plates (A, B, C, D, F) ( 2), in that the dividing lines of the sections (2) along at least one flat part having at least one large hole is laid in the area of the connection between the longitudinally oriented and transversely oriented sections of the plates (2) bordering the large hole in the flat part such that the sections of the plates (2) consisting of one of the same building material, arranged relative to each other in a row so that the sections of the plates of at least one flat part (A, B, C, D, F) could be projected onto at least one strand of material, and, thu about this at least one strand of material is then cut into sections of the plates (2), after which sections of one plate (2) individually cut from at least one material strand are thus connected to each other in a plate. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the sections (2) of at least one plate (A, B, C, D, F) of the building structure (1) are cut out of at least two cords consisting of two different building materials . 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the sections of the plates, at least in the area of their dividing lines, are equipped with a connection profile. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the clamping force required to fix the plate sections (A, B, C, D, F) is directed perpendicular to the plane of this plate, and / or that the direction of action of the pressure of the clamp required for connection sections of any plate parallel to its plane. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the pairing sections (2) of the plates with each other is carried out using a proper selection of compounds with geometric, power and material closure. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the dividing lines between the sections of the plates to be connected to each other, are selected from an appropriate set of straight, arcuate or trapezoidal joints. 7. The method according to one of paragraphs. from 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutting sections of the plates is carried out in any way sharp separation.

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