RU2515695C2 - Hydraulic power plant of conveyor type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic power plant of conveyor type submerged into a fluid medium comprises a frame with at least two pairs of guides and shafts installed on it at the opposite sides as capable of rotation. One of the shafts is kinematically connected with a power generator. A flexible element that embraces the shafts is made in the form of a closed chain gear with fixed blades equipped with axes and rollers. The hydraulic power plant is placed in a channel equipped with gateways along the flow with partial submersion of the body into the fluid medium. The flexible element comprises joined links-carriages with combined blades, which consist of at least four V-shaped plates arranged in pairs opposite to each other. Plates in each pair are parallel to each other. Shafts are placed at different levels, and wheels are installed at their ends. Wheels of the shaft arranged below are made as geared and of smaller diameter compared to wheels of the other shaft. The shaft with wheels of the smaller diameter is arranged upstream compared to the shaft with wheels of larger diameter.

EFFECT: increased reliability and capacity of a hydraulic power plant.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydropower, in particular to devices for converting the energy of a fluid stream into electrical energy.

The conveyor-type hydroelectric power station (HPS) proposed for protection makes it possible to use the energy of both large and small rivers and open gutters of artificial origin, for example, trunk and other water utilities.

River hydroelectric power plants are known from the prior art that use the potential energy of water by concentrating the pressure in the form of a difference in levels, of which the most common dam hydroelectric power plants containing a dam, a reservoir, a building with working bodies in the form of hydraulic turbines associated with electric generators (see, for example, RU patent 2232289 “Hydroelectric Power Station”, submission date November 26, 2002, published July 10, 2004).

However, the use of dam hydroelectric power stations is associated with their negative impact on river ecosystems, the possibility of flooding caused by a dam breaking, and, as a result, the emergence of social problems, in particular, related to the resettlement of residents. In addition, these designs are usually bulky, and the cost of their construction is high.

These disadvantages are eliminated in damless hydroelectric power plants, to which the claimed invention relates.

The prior art device for using the energy of ebbs and flows, containing a body immersed in water and a working body installed therein in the form of an endless paddle conveyor, enveloping the drums and kinematically connected with an electric generator, the body is equipped with nozzles aligned with the drums and installed in them at opposite branches of the conveyor by rotary shutters (see Copyright certificate SU 1020620 “Device for using the energy of sea tides and from Willow ", the filing date of 15.05.1981, published on 30.05.1983, the).

The disadvantages of this device are due to the inability to carry out continuous operation, which depends on the frequency of such a phenomenon as tides.

Known stream hydroelectric power station containing a body immersed in water and a working body installed therein, made in the form of a chain vane conveyor, enveloping vertically spaced sprockets and kinematically connected with an electric generator, each conveyor blade is made in the form of a rotary around a horizontal axis of the damper, while the axis is attached to the blades are symmetrical with the formation of two parts, one of which is heavier than the other (see patent RU 2086799 "Stream hydroelectric power station", filing date 15.07.1992, about ublikovano 10/08/1997 city).

Also known is a damless all-weather hydroelectric power station containing a fixing stand fixed in the stream by means of a bottom foundation or a floating means with two drive drums near the start of the flow and at the end of the stand along its corners with idle drums, while the stand is reinforced by a central partition, drums they are made with gear wheels hollow with axles and located at the ends of the drums, which are in contact with a chain gear transmission, on which bivalves are fixed by means of axes f the blades, forming closed, such as a conveyor, right and left loops made of hard material and spaced apart at an angle from the central partition to ensure rotation in different directions of the driven drums connected by the gears of the reverse rotation device and the multiplier with the electric generator, and the leaf blades are fixed freely with the possibility of opening and closing by flow, when closing, the inner leaf of the blade is slidable along the axis of the idle drum, and the fixation of the opening of the leafs is plagued by a limiter (see. patent RU 2227227 “Damless all-weather hydroelectric power station”, filing date May 13, 2002, published April 20, 2004).

In addition, there is known an engine for utilizing fluid energy, comprising shafts immersed in the last frame with through-holes, rotatably mounted in the frame from its opposite sides, one of which is kinematically connected to an electric generator, a flexible element covering said shafts and provided with blades, mounted on it with the possibility of rotation, while on the inner longitudinal walls of the frame made guides with grooves, and the blades are equipped with pins with rollers installed in the aforementioned in this case, the frame is placed with its longitudinal side transverse to the flow of the current medium, and the passage windows are made on its longitudinal walls, in the area of curvilinear movement of the flexible element, it is installed with the possibility of interaction with the blades means for changing their position relative to the flexible element to the opposite, and the blades on the flexible element is fixed with its middle part and in working condition is installed at an angle to the direction of flow with the possibility of overlapping the inter-blade spaces one of the branch with the blades of another branch, at least two pairs of guides are made in the frame, the pins with rollers are fixed on the lateral edges of the blades, and the roller of each pin is placed in a separate guide of the corresponding pair (see patent RU 2166664 “Engine for energy recovery of the current environment”, filing date 06/19/2000, published 05/10/2001).

In the aggregate of essential features, this device is the closest to the claimed invention and is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of all the given hydraulic structures is that their installation is carried out mainly in the riverbed, which limits the scope of these installations, in particular, their use on small rivers and small artificial canals, while the installation, repair and maintenance of this type of hydroelectric power station requires a long term shutdown functioning of hydroelectric power stations.

In addition, to carry out the work, the device taken as a prototype must be completely immersed in a fluid, as a result of which sand and algae are washed into it, which, in turn, complicates the movement of the blades and, ultimately, not only reduces Efficiency of the entire installation, but also the breakdown of its individual parts and assemblies.

The horizontal placement of the shafts in the known device, as a rule, leads to lateral sagging of the flexible element.

The technical result, the achievement of which the claimed invention is directed, is to increase reliability and increase the capacity of a hydroelectric power station.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the conveyor-type hydroelectric power station is immersed in a fluid medium and includes a frame with at least two pairs of rails and shafts mounted on it from opposite sides with the possibility of rotation, one of which is kinematically connected with the electric generator, a flexible element, covering shafts, made in the form of a closed chain drive with blades fixed to it, provided with axles with rollers, according to the invention is placed in a channel equipped with locks along the flow With partial immersion of the housing in a fluid medium, the flexible element consists of interconnected carriage links with combined blades consisting of at least four V-shaped plates arranged in pairs opposite each other, while the plates in each pair are parallel to each other friend, the shafts are placed at different levels and wheels are installed at their ends, while the wheels of the shaft located below are gear and smaller in diameter than the wheels of another shaft, the shaft with wheels of a smaller diameter is located upstream ode than roller with larger diameter wheels.

The blades are made of a profile material, for example, using a sheet bent rolling profile.

The link carriage is equipped with four rollers.

The channel is equipped with a garbage collection device, such as a net.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 is a side view of a conveyor-type hydroelectric power station;

figure 2 is a transverse section aa hydroelectric conveyor type;

figure 3 is a side view of the link-carriage;

figure 4 is a front view of the link-carriage;

5 is a top view of the carriage link;

6 is a diagram of the location of the hydroelectric power station in the channel relative to the river bed.

The conveyor-type hydroelectric power plant proposed for protection comprises a frame 1 partially immersed in a fluid medium and two shafts mounted on it with the possibility of rotation — a drive 2 and a drive 3. The shafts are placed at different levels and wheels are mounted at their ends, with wheels 4, 5 located below the drive the shaft is made of gear and a smaller diameter in comparison with the wheels 6, 7 of the driven shaft, due to which a slope is formed towards the drive shaft 2. The drive shaft 2 is located upstream of the driven shaft 3.

The wheels 4, 5, 6, 7 are covered by a flexible element, which is a chain gear 8 closed in the form of a loop, interacting with the wheels of both shafts. The chain transmission 8 is formed by interconnected links-carriages 9 provided with combined blades 10.

Combined blades 10 consist of at least four V-shaped plates with an opening angle of 20-45 °, located in pairs opposite each other, while the plates in each pair are parallel to each other. This shape of the blades increases the contact surface with the flow and contributes, in particular, to an increase in the power of the hydroelectric power station.

The carriage links 9 are connected by means of movable jaws 11 and provided with rollers 12, with the help of which they move along two pairs of guides: the upper 13, 14 and the lower 15, 16.

The movable cheeks 11 are made in the form of rectangular plates.

The movement of the links-carriages 9 along the upper guides 13, 14 occurs at an angle to the side of the gears 4, 5, while the lower guides 15, 16 are located in the horizontal plane.

The shaft 2 with gears 4, 5 is kinematically connected with the electric generator 17.

The grooves of the gears 4, 5 have a radius equal to half the diameter of the rollers 12.

The hydroelectric power station is fixed in the soil by means of, for example, supports 18, while only the blades remaining when the hydroelectric power station is installed on the lower guides 15, 16 remain immersed in the water environment. The extreme supports of the hydroelectric power station are load-bearing.

The hydroelectric power station is installed in the channel 19, equipped with a reinforced concrete tray 20, along the fluid flow.

To increase the flow rate, the channel in which the hydroelectric power station is installed can be located downstream near a drain or overflow dam creating a water drop.

The presence of channel 19 allows not only to reduce the influence of hydroelectric power plants on the environment, but also to increase the flow rate of the fluid passing through the channel, and thereby increase the capacity of the hydroelectric power station.

At the beginning of channel 19, as well as on the riverbed itself, locks 21, 22 or valves are installed to control the flow, including during floods. The canal can be additionally equipped with a device for collecting large debris and / or ice, which is, for example, a grid located in front of the locks perpendicular to the flow.

Each carriage consists of two fixed cheeks 23 and 24 mounted opposite each other, made in the form of plates and interconnected by the upper 25, 26 and lower 27, 28 axes of attachment, while the blades 10 are attached to the upper axes, the rollers 12 and to the lower ones movable cheeks 11. To prevent the displacement of the blades, as well as their additional fixation, support bushings are mounted on the axis (not shown in the drawing).

The proposed hydroelectric power station can be equipped with a housing (not shown in the drawing), immersed in water only partially and protecting the upper part of the hydroelectric power station, located above the surface of the water, from the formation of ice and icicles in winter, as well as from the impact of lateral wind blades. The body is a welded hollow structure, in the ends of which two holes for flow passage are coaxially located at the bottom.

The implementation of the claimed invention is confirmed by an example of a specific implementation.

Hydroelectric power works as follows.

The frame 1 of the hydroelectric power station is installed along the fluid flow and is fixed in the ground by means of supports 18, and the drive shaft 2 is located upstream of the driven shaft 3. In this case, only the blades that are installed on the lower guides 15, 16 are immersed in the aqueous medium.

The flow of the current medium passing along the installation acts on the blades, due to which the carriage links begin to move along the lower guides 15, 16.

The carriage links 9 transition from the lower rails 15, 16 to the upper rails 13, 14 by passing around the circumferences of the wheels 6, 7 of the driven shaft 3. The upper rails of the carriage links 9 move on rollers 12 under the influence of their own weight and passing through the gear wheels 4, 5, rollers 12 engage in their grooves and return to the lower guides 15, 16.

The movement of carriage links with blades causes continuous rotation of the driven and driving shafts, the last of which is kinematically connected with the electric generator 17. The driving shaft 2 transmits torque to the shaft of the electric generator 17 or to the common power take-off shaft, if several HPPs are installed.

Thus, the kinetic energy of the flow is converted into electrical energy.

The inventive design of the hydroelectric power station allows it to be placed in a channel equipped with locks, which, in turn, allows you to protect the installation from clogging, including garbage, ice during the flood, algae, as well as to increase the power generated by the hydroelectric power station.

Parallel installation of at least two hydroelectric power stations will ensure continuous generation of electricity in the event of a breakdown of one of them.

In addition, the claimed invention is an environmentally friendly installation and practically does not affect the flora and fauna of the reservoir.

In addition, access to the hydroelectric power station during repair and preventive maintenance is greatly simplified, and it becomes possible to notice and fix problems on time.

Claims (4)

1. The conveyor-type hydroelectric power station, immersed in a fluid medium and comprising a frame with at least two pairs of rails and shafts mounted on it from opposite sides with the possibility of rotation, one of which is kinematically connected with the electric generator, a flexible element covering the shafts is made in in the form of a closed chain drive with blades fixed on it, provided with axles with rollers, characterized in that it is placed in the channel equipped with locks along the flow with partial immersion of the housing in a fluid medium A flexible element consists of interconnected carriage links with combined blades consisting of at least four V-shaped plates arranged in pairs opposite each other, while the plates in each pair are parallel to each other, the shafts are placed at different levels and on wheels are installed at their ends, while the wheels of the shaft located below are gear and of a smaller diameter than the wheels of another shaft, the shaft with wheels of a smaller diameter is located upstream of the water than the shaft with wheels of a larger diameter. 2. The conveyor-type hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are made of a profile material, for example, using a sheet bent rolling profile. 3. The conveyor-type hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the link-carriage is equipped with four rollers. 4. The conveyor-type hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel is equipped with a trapping device, such as a net.

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