RU2515622C2 - Method of gas-hydrodynamic survey and plant for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: method is implemented with means of emission source introduction, the source is capable to light the production string which is made with one section of transparent material and graduation lines marked at it, and with photographic registration and recording of panoramic images to the memory of the data processing unit. Measurements and photographic registration of experimental results are made in the synchronous mode.

EFFECT: providing observation of quantitative changes and improvement of visualisation quality for processes occurring in space and height of the production string and thus improvement in accuracy of results for gas-hydrodynamic experiments and reduction in time for their analysis.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of the gas industry and can be used to conduct gas-hydrodynamic studies of the movement of gas-liquid flows with the inclusion of mechanical impurities, for example, gas production processes in the oil and gas industry, associated with the study of the processes of gas-liquid flows in vertical, inclined pipelines and individual devices.

The prior art method for conducting gas-hydrodynamic studies of wells (RF patent No. 2159850, ЕВВ 47/00, 11/27/2000), according to which pressure, temperature, and flow rates are measured in stationary and non-stationary filtration modes. In the process of successive regime changes, within the framework of one study, the frequency of the primary converter signals proportionally to the measured gas parameters is continuously measured by the dependent counting method. The number of pulses of the measured frequency, which sets the duration of the interval counting pulses of the reference frequency, is calculated by the mathematical formula. The start and end of each mode are determined by three or more sequentially incoming signals and the data processing algorithm is changed. The results of processing and measurements are recorded. Together with error signals generated when the results go beyond the specified limits, the measurement results are fed to the visualization unit, from where information is output in "real time" mode.

Closest to the proposed solution is a method of gas-hydrodynamic research of wells (RF patent No. 2232266, ЕВВ 47/00, 07/10/2004), which includes measuring pressure, temperature and gas production at steady-state well operating conditions, processing the results, and determining experimental coefficients of indicator lines. In this case, the flow rates for each mode are calculated by the coefficients of the indicator lines of the current study and an indicator characterizing their deviation from the flow rates obtained as a result of measurements is determined. Then, according to the coefficients of indicator lines obtained during the processing of previous studies, the rates are calculated for each mode and an indicator characterizing their deviation from the rates calculated by the coefficients of indicator lines of the current study is determined. If both indicators are less than the specified values, the studies are completed, and if one or both indicators are greater than or equal to the specified values, additional studies are carried out to clarify the characteristics of the well. The disadvantage of this method is that it lacks the ability to determine the amount of fluid in the well during research, especially in the mode of operation of the well without the removal of fluid to the wellhead. Also, the known method does not allow to establish the dependence of the influence of the fluid in the well on the total pressure loss. In addition, there is no possibility of visual observation of processes during research.

A bench is known from the prior art for studying the conditions of liquid lifting using gas from gas, condensate and oil field wells (RU 48580, U1, publ. 10.27.2005). The well-known stand is designed to study the conditions for lifting gas and liquid along the pipe risers. The stand includes one or more columns of pipes of various diameters, a unit for supplying and regulating the flow of liquid, means for supplying and regulating the flow of gas, which includes a compressor, a device for introducing and removing gas-liquid mixture into the column, and a separator having outlets for liquid and gas, means for draining liquid and gas from the installation. The pipeline is equipped with a gas overpressure pipe and a gas discharge pipe. In the known solution there is no possibility of visual observation of the research, which, in turn, negatively affects the reliability and accuracy of the results of the experiments.

The prior art bench for studying the conditions of liquid lifting using gas (RU 118354, U1, publ. 20.07.2012), which is the closest to the proposed technical solution. A well-known stand includes an elevator pipe string, a unit for supplying and regulating the supply of liquid, means for supplying and regulating the flow of gas. The structure of the latter includes a compressor, a device for introducing into the column and withdrawal from the column, a separator, pressure measuring devices in the pipe riser installed at the inlet to the pipe riser or at the outlet of the pipe riser. In addition, in the known stand, the liquid and gas inlets in the input device are arranged so as to prevent liquid from flowing from the liquid supply line to the gas supply line by placing the liquid inlet below the gas inlet. However, the well-known stand also does not allow a qualitative analysis of the processes taking place in the volume and along the length of the pipe tubing and through the pipeline, and does not allow to find details and general characteristics of the flows studied in the string.

The problem solved by the proposed group of inventions is to develop a method of gas-hydrodynamic studies taking place in the tubing string, and to create a device for its implementation, allowing you to quickly control the flow characteristics of the working environment and the reservoir model.

The technical result of the group of inventions consists in the possibility of observing quantitative changes and improving the quality of visualization of processes occurring in the volume and height of the pipe string, therefore, improving the accuracy of the results of gas-hydrodynamic experiments and reducing the time of their analysis.

The essence of the method of conducting gas-hydrodynamic studies is to measure pressure, temperature, flow rate of the substance at steady-state operating modes, and subsequent processing of the results of the measurements. The tests are carried out on a plant equipped with an elevator pipe string designed to fill with a working substance with a given composition, at least one section of which is made of transparent material. After starting the installation and stabilizing the operating mode, the readings of the measuring equipment and the photoregistration of the flow in the at least one transparent section of the pipe tubing string are synchronized, obtaining a panoramic image and recording the readings of the measuring equipment. Processing the obtained images, the identification is carried out and the sizes of gas-liquid and / or dry plugs and / or the distances between them, and / or individual particles detected in the pipe lift string are determined, the studies are repeated under modified experimental conditions.

Additionally, the working substance can be treated with a fluorescent material. In this case, the identification and determination of the sizes of gas-liquid and / or dry plugs and / or the distances between them, and / or individual particles detected in the tubing string are carried out according to the intensity and shades of the glow of the working substance.

When photographing the flow of the stream passing inside the tubing string, at least one transparent section is irradiated with an ultraviolet radiation source.

Processing of the obtained images is carried out using the additive color model RGB.

The installation for implementing the method includes at least one pipe lift string, a fluid supply and control unit, a gas supply and control unit connected with input devices and withdrawals from the column. The stand additionally contains at least one radiation source that is installed with the possibility of lighting the tubing string in the visible and / or ultraviolet range. At least one section of the pipe tubing string is made of transparent material with divisions applied thereon. At least one photo recorder is intended for recording panoramic images in the memory of the information processing unit and transmitting and displaying images obtained on the transparent section of the pipe tubing, on the monitor screen and / or luminescent screen with measured scales applied to it. The information processing unit is equipped with a graphical editor program and is intended to set the operating modes of the installation and processing information synchronously received through the interface for transmitting information from measuring devices installed at least in the upper, lower, and transparent sections of the pipe tubing and, at least, , from one photorecorder.

The installation further comprises a device for discharging the gas-liquid mixture from the column; it is connected to a gas supply and control unit for the gas flow through the separator, the liquid outlet of which is connected via the liquid supply line to the column input device through the liquid supply and control unit; connected to the gas supply and control unit, which is equipped with at least a compressor, one pipe for excess gas pressure and one pipe sb gas dew. The liquid and gas inlets of the input device to the column are installed at different heights in order to prevent liquid from flowing from the liquid supply pipeline to the gas supply pipeline. The output of the gas supply and control unit for gas flow is connected by a gas supply pipeline to the input device to the column. A drain pipe is installed at the output of the input device to the column.

The group of inventions is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows an example of an installation for conducting gas-hydrodynamic studies, and Fig. 2 shows a top view of the proposed installation, explaining the location of the installation elements relative to each other.

The composition of the installation (figure 1, 2) for the study of gas-hydrodynamic processes, includes:

- an elevator pipe string (1) made of a transparent material and installed in a vertical or inclined position;

- in the upper and lower parts of the pipe tubing string, input devices to the string (2) and discharge from the string (3), respectively, are installed;

- gas flow supply and control unit (4), consisting of a compressor (5) and shut-off and control valves;

- separator (6);

- node supply and regulation of fluid supply (7), operating in a closed cycle;

- gas supply pipelines (8) and liquids (9), respectively;

- radiation sources (10), which can operate both in the ranges of the visible and ultraviolet spectra, ultraviolet lamps or laser emitters can be used as the latter;

- a photographic recorder (11) designed to capture images obtained using the proposed stand under the influence of a radiation source (10) in the ultraviolet spectrum, a photographic film, either a position sensitive detector, or a fluorescent screen, or a digital one can be used as a photographic recorder (I) video camera;

- drain pipe (12);

- a measuring ruler (13) or a luminescent screen (14) with divisions on them, the measuring scales of the ruler (13) of the screen (14) are treated with luminescent substances, the ruler is designed to ensure its visibility in the absence of an external light source, as well as to identify the sizes of gas-liquid traffic jams, dry traffic jams, the distances between them using moving tracers;

- the screen (14) is designed to project on it the images obtained by the photorecorders (11);

- information processing unit (15), which can be implemented using a personal computer (PC) and RS-232 - an information transfer interface between two devices, with a graphical editor installed on a PC (for example, GIMP, CorelDraw, etc. );

- measuring equipment (not shown in the drawings), includes gas and liquid flow meters, differential pressure transmitters, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, which can be installed along the height of the pipe tubing string.

During operation, the stand is connected to a high-pressure gas source by a pipe for supplying excess gas pressure. Then the locking and regulating devices are opened and all the devices of the stand are filled with gas until a predetermined pressure is established. The pressure value is controlled by the readings of pressure measuring instruments installed at the inlet to the pipe tubing string (1) and / or at its outlet, in its lower and / or upper parts, and / or in some other part thereof. After the gas pressure in the stand reaches the set value, the compressor (5) is turned on. At the same time, gas from the separator (6) is sucked into the compressor (5), and then fed through a gas flow meter and an input device into the column (2) to the lower part of the pipe tubing string (1). The gas entering the pipe riser (1) rises upward through it and through the pipe outlet (3) from the column enters the separator (6) and then to the compressor (5). The gas filling the stand begins to circulate through the stand in a closed loop.

Work on the installation can be performed in various modes: without liquid - in the "dry" mode, with or without sand, or with liquid - in the "wet" mode, with or without sand.

If necessary, mechanical impurities can also be supplied to the unit, for example, sand treated with fluorescent materials (in the presence of sand of various fractions, each fraction is treated in a separate color), providing visual observation of the distribution of sand fractions in the axial and radial direction in the pipe lift string.

For calibration in a static state, a fixed amount of sand, or liquid, or a mixture thereof, is poured or poured into an elevator column of pipes (1). Turn on the radiation source (10). Using a photorecorder (11), a site is filled with sand or liquid or a mixture of them, capturing part of the adjacent area without sand, or liquid, or their mixture, respectively, in the frame. The obtained images of the section of the pipe tubing string filled with sand or liquid, or a mixture thereof, respectively, and the adjacent sections, are transmitted to the information processing unit (15). Using a graphical editor, the calibration procedure is first performed, and then the primary image is processed using the additive RGB color model (mixing red, green and blue), which describes color by adding three basic colors both in the zone of sand or liquid, or a mixture of them, and in adjacent areas, thus obtaining an RGB color model in the area filled with sand and in the adjacent area where there is no sand. To study the flow under dynamic conditions, gas and / or sand, and / or liquid, or a mixture thereof, is supplied to the lower part of the elevator column. At the entrance to the elevator pipe string (1), using BOI (15), the necessary technological parameters of the bench operation are set, such as temperature, pressure, gas or liquid flow rate, or the required amount of sand. Observing the experiment and recording the minimum changes that occur in a given range of parameters, such as pressure, gas or liquid flow rate, temperature inside the pipe string and the environment, the pressure difference in the upper and lower parts of the pipe pipe, take readings and record the readings on inlet, outlet and over the entire height of the pipe pipe string (1) until a stable mode is established in the stand. Measurement of technological parameters - pressure, gas or liquid flow rate, temperature, pressure difference at the inlet, outlet, and over the entire height of the pipe pipe string (1), is carried out throughout the experiment. At the same time, the process is photographed along the entire height of the pipe pipe string (1) with the help of photo recorders (11) with a frequency, for example, from 1 to 1000 frames per second. The frequency is preliminarily calculated using the information processing unit (15), based on the condition under which, between two registered frames, the distance traveled by the stream is, for example, no more than 1-2 cm for both co-directional and countercurrent flow regimes. BOI manages the synchronous operation of measuring instruments and photographic recorders. Knowing the diameter of the pipe tubing string, it is possible to determine the average flow rate at any portion of the pipe tubing string. Measured technological parameters and captured graphic images are transmitted to the information processing unit (15) and stored in the memory of the BOI (15).

After obtaining the required number of measurements, all parameters are recorded in the memory of the BOI, while at least 20 measurements are taken. Then, with the help of BOI (15), the modes of the specified experiment parameters are changed, for example, pressure, gas or liquid flow rate, temperature or pressure difference in the upper and lower parts of the pipe tubing string, or further observations are carried out until a stable mode is established in the stand or stop the work of the stand and proceed to the processing of the received information. At each mode of operation of the stand, recorded technological parameters and graphic images are stored in the memory of the BOI (15).

During a specific experiment, pressure measurements at predetermined sections of the pipe tubing lift (1) are carried out with pressure gauges or differential pressure gauges. At least a separate section of the pipe tubing string or the entire string may be made of transparent material with divisions applied thereon. The experiments can be carried out with a small (or completely absent) source of external lighting. Using a photo recorder, during photo and / or video recording of the process taking place in the test bench, the process parameters specified by the running experiment are synchronously measured. The emitter is positioned so that the radiation is not transmitted to the photorecorder (Fig. 2). Those. the lens (camera lens) should be “in the shade”. A screen mounted behind an elevator pipe string treated with luminescent substances provides a more contrasting representation of the process in the working device. The screen color is selected in such a way as to obtain a better representation of the color gamut of the process taking place in the pipe riser. On the side along the pipe string can be installed a measuring ruler, the scale of which is also treated with luminescent substances, and / or a screen having vertically and horizontally spaced divisions in its field. The scale of the ruler can be further processed with luminescent substances to ensure its visibility in the absence of an external light source, as well as to identify sizes (gas-liquid plugs, dry plugs, individual particles, distances between them, etc.). As a result, an image of a moving stream against the background of the divisions of the scale of the screen and / or ruler can be obtained. During the experiment, sources of external illumination (lamps, windows, natural light, etc.) can be excluded and radiation sources included. After that, fixed parameters can be measured (pressure, flow, speed, temperature).

At the end of the required measurements, the technological parameters of the stand operation mode can also be changed: pressure, gas flow rates - with the help of a compressor (5), and liquids - with the help of a pump. You can stop the operation of the stand by removing liquid and sand from the column through the drain pipe (12) with a shut-off device located in the lower part of the pipe riser into the disposal system.

For each of the above modes with the help of BOI, the processing of graphic materials obtained with the help of photo recorders is performed. Determining the RGB values along the pipe lift string (1) and comparing the obtained values with the parameter values obtained during calibration, determine the location of the plugs in the lift string (1). By projecting these sections onto a ruler (13) on graphic images, it is possible to determine the height of each section H _; in the pipe lift string (1). Summing the height of all sections H _i , get the total height of the cork H, located in the elevator column (1):

H = ΣH _i .

Using BOI, the amount of liquid, sand or mixture flowing down along the pipe riser (1) is calculated, as the difference between the amount of liquid entering (Q _g ) into the pipe riser (1) and the amount of flowing liquid occupied at the total height of the tube N.

$$Q_{\mathrm{from}te\mathrm{to}}=Q_{\mathrm{well}}-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi \; \cdot \; d"\; filenames="00000002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi \; </figure-callout>}\cdot d^{}{}^2}{\mathrm{four}}\cdot H,$$

where Q _stack is the amount of liquid flowing down the inner wall of the elevator column, (m ³ or l);

Q _W - the amount of fluid poured into the elevator column (m ³ or l);

d is the inner diameter of the pipe string, m;

H - total cork height, m.

Thus, the proposed group of inventions makes it possible to observe quantitative changes with improved quality of visualization of processes occurring in the volume and height of the pipe string and the pipeline, therefore, to increase the accuracy of the results of the experiments.

Claims (6)

1. A method of conducting gas-hydrodynamic studies, including measuring pressure, temperature, flow rate of a substance under steady-state operating conditions, processing the measurement results, characterized in that the tests are carried out on a plant equipped with an elevator pipe string designed to fill with a working substance with a given composition, at least one section of which is made of transparent material, after starting the installation and stabilizing the operating mode, the readings of the measuring equipment and photos are synchronized registration of the flow in at least one transparent section of the pipe tubing, obtaining a panoramic image and recording the readings of the measuring equipment, processing the images obtained, identify and determine the sizes of gas-liquid and / or dry plugs, and / or the distances between them, and / or individual particles identified in the tubing string, repeat the study under modified experimental conditions. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working substance is treated with a fluorescent material, the identification and determination of the sizes of gas-liquid and / or dry plugs and / or the distances between them, and / or individual particles detected in the pipe lift string, is carried out according to the intensity and shades of glow of the working substance. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when photorecording the flow of the stream passing inside the tubing string, at least one transparent section is irradiated with an ultraviolet source. 4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the processing of the obtained images is performed using the additive color model RGB. 5. Installation for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising at least one pipe lift string, a fluid supply and control unit, a gas supply and control unit for gas, connected to the input and output devices from the column, measuring equipment, characterized in that the stand additionally contains at least one radiation source that is installed with the possibility of lighting the pipe string in the visible and / or ultraviolet spectrum, at least one portion of which is made of material with divisions on it, and at least one photorecorder intended for recording panoramic images in the memory of the information processing unit and for transmitting and displaying images obtained on the transparent section of the pipe tubing, on the monitor screen and / or luminescent screen, with measured scales applied on it, while the information processing unit is equipped with a graphical editor program and is intended to set the operating modes of the installation and information processing synchronously obtained through the interface for transmitting information by the information processing unit from measuring instruments installed in at least the upper, lower, and transparent sections of the pipe tubing and at least one photorecorder. 6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a device for discharging a gas-liquid mixture from the column, connected to a gas supply and control unit for gas flow through a separator, the liquid outlet of which is connected via a liquid supply line to the input device to the column through the gas supply and control unit fluid supply, the gas outlet of the separator through a gas supply pipe is connected to a gas supply and control unit, which is equipped with at least a compressor, one overpressure pipe gas and one gas discharge pipe, the liquid and gas inlets of the input device to the column are installed at different heights with the possibility of eliminating the flow of liquid from the liquid supply pipe to the gas supply pipe, the output of the gas supply and control unit for gas flow is connected to the gas supply pipe to the input device to the column , a drain pipe is installed at the outlet of the input device to the column.

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