RU2513630C1 - Method of geochemical prospecting for geoecological monitoring of offshore oil-and-gas-bearing zones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.SUBSTANCE: water area relief survey is performed. Flooded river valleys crossing the continental shelf are determined as per survey results. Bottom deposits are explored with acoustic pulses. Layers of soil and bottom deposits are restored to depths of up to 2-4 km. Structural denudation relief shapes are analysed and terrigenous deposits are determined. When prerequisites of existing oil-gas sections are being determined, soil is sounded with coherent pulse proton spin echo. Tomographic restoration of image of explored geological soil profile is performed on the level of prismatic crystals. At least two bottom seismic stations are installed in addition to record and analyse microseismic waves. Soil resistance and friction coefficients as per which its strength characteristics are determined are defined by means of penetrometers arranged on the above seismic stations. After that, samples of mine rock and plants along water courses are taken. Samples of mine rocks are separated into two fractions - more than 0.1 mm and less than 0.1 mm. The first fraction is analysed for content of Si, Al, Ti, Y, and the second one - for Hg content. Samples of plants are analysed for content of Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ag. Analysis results of fractions of more than 0.1 mm and samples of plants are recalculated for the corresponding additive characteristics of use concentrations. Distribution charts of the above additive characteristics and Hg are built. Objects characterised by distribution of anomalous values of additive characteristics and Hg are identified in the row of Si, Al, Ti, Y-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Hg-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Si, Al, Ti, Y, with oil-gas perspective sections. Water layer is analysed for methane content. Coordinates of gas formation are determined. When overflows of the transported liquid product with formation of oil spot are determined, oil spreading and transfer processes are calculated considering hydrodynamic parameters of water environment. Hydrosphere is sounded additionally during ground sounding by coherent pulse proton spin echo. The tested medium is subjected to simultaneous impact of SHF emission and variable magnetic field within the frequency range of nuclear magnetic resonance, at that SHF emission and constant magnetic field are maintained in resonance conditions. Decrease in intensity of one hyperfine transition is measured at simultaneous saturation due to high power of the respective SHF of the second hyperfine transition; additionally electron paramagnetic resonance is subject to optical detection. Spin state of the radical pair (singlet or triplet) is changed in the forced way that leads to spin transition of the pair partners under action of resonant microwave field in the external magnetic field; at that the range of electron magnetic resonance is registered by change in products output in the radical pair by analytical method.EFFECT: enlarging functional capabilities of the method; improving detection reliability of perspective oil-gas sections.1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas areas and can also be used in geochemical exploration of minerals and for the detection of leaks of natural gas from offshore pipelines.

A known method of geochemical exploration (copyright certificate SU No. 1786460 [1]), including sampling of rocks and vegetation along waterways, separation of rock samples into fractions and their analysis for the content of chemical elements, in which rock samples are divided into two fractions - more than 0 , 1 mm and less than 0.1 mm, the first is analyzed for Si, Al, Ti, Y, and the second for Hg, and vegetation samples are analyzed for Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, the results of analysis of analyzes of fractions of more than 0.1 mm and vegetation samples are converted to the corresponding additive indicators normalized to concentration centers, build maps of the distribution of the indicated additive indicators and Hg and identify objects characterized by the distribution of the anomalous values of the additive indicators and Hg in the series Si, Al, Ti, Y - Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag - Hg - Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag - Si, Al, Ti, Y, with oil and gas promising areas.

The separation of rock samples into two fractions followed by chemical analysis in this method improves the reliability of identifying oil and gas prospective areas.

However, this method, when used in marine conditions, is time-consuming and involves significant material costs so that its implementation requires the use of sophisticated equipment for sampling and search tools.

There is also a method of detecting natural gas leaks from pipelines (patent RU No. 2017138 [2]), which consists in irradiating a portion of the earth’s surface near the pipeline with laser radiation at two wavelengths, one of which λ ₁ enters the gas absorption band, and the other λ ₂ lies it is, recording the intensity of the scattered radiation surface at a wavelength λ ₁ and λ ₁ -P ₂ -P _2, the formation of the video signal, proportional to the ratio P ₂ / P _1, and comparison with video priori predetermined threshold, wherein in order to increase the accuracy of the definition In order to determine the location of the leak and the accuracy of estimating the concentration of gas in the leak cloud, the temperature contrast of the examined area is additionally recorded, which determines the coordinates of the probable leak location and its size L on the surface, and the probable leak location is irradiated directly with laser radiation, the average concentration of natural gas in the leak cloud determined by the formula:

,

,

,

,

where σ ₁ is the gas absorption cross section at a wavelength of λ ₁ ;

σ ₂ - gas absorption cross section at a wavelength of λ ₂ ;

θ is the probing angle of the probable leak, counted from the vertical;

H - the height from which the survey is performed.

In this case, multiple irradiation is performed from different directions with respect to the leak cloud, in which the true leak location is established.

The use of this method is also limited only by coastal conditions and requires computational operations.

There is also a method of determining the place of leakage of liquid or gas from the pipeline (patent RU No. 2040783 [3]), located in the ground, consisting in the survey of the pipeline by a locator, while scanning the pipeline with a television sensor, by which the leakage is determined, in which the pipeline is inspected flying around a low-altitude aircraft using a meter locator as a route detector, and to determine the leakage point, an additional thermal imaging sensor aligned with ovizionnym sensor, and digital filtering is performed joint locator signals, TV and IR sensor.

This method also has limited application, since its use is only possible for determining leaks in pipelines laid on the land surface or laid in the ground, and under favorable weather conditions for flying at low altitude and in the absence of navigational hazards.

There is also a method of monitoring the main pipeline by detecting from a helicopter a methane cloud above the pipeline using a laser locator scanning the atmosphere along the gas pipeline with three difference beams (RU patent No. 2108597 [4]).

An advantage of the known method is that a methane cloud is subjected to processing, which is profiling when assessing the detection of oil and gas fields, which provides the necessary reliability of obtaining the initial data for subsequent analysis.

This method also has limitations on use due to favorable weather conditions for flying.

There is also known a method of geochemical exploration (patent RU No. 2374667 [5]), the technical result of which is to increase the accuracy of estimating the concentration of gas in a gas formation, mainly in an aqueous medium.

In the known method of geochemical exploration, including analysis of the methane content by determining the gas concentration in the gas formation, determining the coordinates of the gas formation - in the aquatic environment there are buoy stations equipped with methane detection sensors, by which the methane concentration in the water column is measured by changing the resistance of the active layer of the sensor , which is converted to the output (measured) voltage, the coordinates (geographical) of the gas formation is determined by the position of the gas formation in the moving coordinate system of the buoy station, which is determined in accordance with the expression:

R (V _th , V _bs ) = R _th + (V _th + V _bs ) t,

where R (V _th , V _bs ) is the current position of the gas formation relative to the buoy station;

V _th , V _bs - velocity vectors of the buoy station and gas formation;

R _th - the initial position of the gas formation;

R is the radius vector defining the position of the buoy station in the satellite coordinate system;

t is the current value of time after determining the position of the gas formation, which significantly distinguishes this method from known analogues [1-4].

However, in most cases, for example, for environmental assessment of pollution, it is important to determine the area of pollution of the water surface and bottom sediments during oil leakage, which cannot be solved by known methods (analogues).

There are also known methods and technical means of conducting geoecological monitoring of marine water areas (Geoecological monitoring of marine oil and gas water areas / L.I. Lobkovsky, D.G. Levchenko, A.V. Leonov, A.K. Abrosimov. M .: Nauka, 2005, p. .53-100 [5]). Currently, marine monitoring and control methods are mainly used for monitoring marine waters in the areas of oil and gas complex deployment (p. 53-58, [5]). At the same time, ships are equipped with satellite navigation aids, sonar and radar equipment. In addition, the vessel is also equipped with a multi-beam echo sounder, which serves to capture the bottom topography with a wide capture band and quickly detect various underwater objects; a two-frequency parametric echo sounder that allows you to accurately capture the bottom topography and determine its structure several meters in depth, to detect objects under a layer of sediment (underwater pipelines, etc.); a hydrological probe, which serves to determine a number of hydrophysical characteristics of the aquatic environment: temperature, velocity and direction of currents, electromagnetic fields, etc., such a probe is also equipped with bathometers for taking water samples at various horizons; multichannel STD probe profilograph, which serves to determine the main water characteristics (salinity, temperature, pressure at various depths); hydrooptical probe to determine the transparency and color of the water mass; an acoustic measuring complex for determining the speed of sound at various depths, which is necessary to clarify the propagation conditions of hydroacoustic signals in the aquatic environment; bio-oceanological complex designed for sampling in the aquatic environment and at the bottom of the water area, which includes nets, trawls, dredges, bathometers, etc.

However, using only shipborne research methods does not allow to achieve the necessary measurement efficiency and continuity of time series, depending on weather conditions. In addition, marine expeditionary work is currently very expensive, for example, compared with the operation of stationary stations. Satellite optical observations (p. 58-62, [5]) are used to determine the concentration of suspended matter, dissolved organic matter, phytoplankton pigments, oil pollution and to study their spatial and temporal variability from the values of the coefficient of backscattering of light by suspension. The method is burdened by complex mathematical calculations, and its use is difficult in areas with high background values of suspensions.

Known stationary observation systems using bottom and buoy stations (p.63-82, [5]) are cable bottom geophysical stations equipped with measuring equipment using underwater cables to power stations, manage them and transmit information to shore. The cost of laying deep-sea marine cables is extremely high and can be many millions of dollars over long distances. Significant difficulties are also associated with the output of cables to the shore, as the waves of the surf erode the banks and break off the cables. One of the essential elements of autonomous marine stations is buoy carriers of equipment and anchor-buoy devices, the disadvantages of which include rotation around the axis and significant horizontal movements, the inability to suspend devices at a considerable distance under the buoy due to the risk of tangling of the instrument cable and buoyr. In addition, the cost of displaced media is currently comparable to the cost of electronic equipment used, and often more.

Known methods of observation with the placement of hydrochemical bottom stations on the seabed (p. 82-100, [5]).

Moreover, the station is equipped with sensors for measuring hydrochemical and hydrophysical parameters of the environment, a spectrum analyzer, a microcomputer for controlling the station’s operation, collecting, processing and storing registered data, modems for receiving and transmitting information via cable lines or radio channels, as well as auxiliary devices for setting and lifting, as well as searching for a station on the sea surface after its ascent.

The identified disadvantages of the known analogues [1-5] deprived of the known method of geochemical exploration (patent RU No. 2456644, 20.07.2012 [6]).

The known method of geochemical exploration [6] is that they take samples of rocks and vegetation along waterways, samples of rocks are divided into two fractions - more than 0.1 mm and less than 0.1 mm, a fraction of more than 0.1 mm is analyzed for the content of chemical elements Si, Al, Ti, Y, the fraction of less than 0.1 mm - the content of the chemical element Hg, vegetation samples are analyzed for the content of chemical elements Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, the results of the analysis of the fraction of more than 0.1 mm and vegetation samples are converted to the corresponding additive indicators concentrations, build maps of the distribution of these additive indicators and the chemical element Hg and identify objects characterized by the distribution of anomalous values of the additive indicators and the chemical element Hg in the series of chemical elements Si, Al, Ti, Y-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Hg -Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Si, Al, Ti, Y, with promising oil and gas sites, analyze the methane content, determine the coordinates of gas formation by its position in the moving coordinate system of buoy stations located in the aquatic environment and equipped with Dan detection methane, by which the concentration of methane in the water column is measured by changing the resistance of the active layer of the sensor, which is converted into the output (measured) voltage, in which, unlike analogs, the relief of the water area is preliminarily surveyed, flooded river valleys are detected crossing the continental shelf, perform sounding of bottom sediments with acoustic pulses and measure the time interval between separate signals, perform restoration of the terrain, determine the correlation length of dynamic variables that describe the energy and / or impulse flows from the top of the bottom sediment to the bottom and from the bottom of the bottom sediment to a depth of 2-4 km, analyze structural denudation forms on the relief with the release of terrigenous deposits, when identifying the prerequisites for the existence of oil and gas sites perform soil probing by exposure to a coherent pulsed proton spin echo, while performing tomographic reconstruction images of the studied geological section of the soil at the level of prismatic crystals, additionally measure the coefficients of resistance and friction of the soil of the bottom, which determine the strength characteristics, the coefficients of resistance and friction are measured using a penetrometer installed at the bottom of the seismic station, and establish at least two bottom seismic stations by which microseismic waves are recorded, longitudinal microseismic is distinguished in the analysis of microseismic waves The waves also exclude transverse microseismic waves from the analysis by means of a phase amplitude filter. In the analysis of longitudinal microseismic waves, all harmonic oscillations detected by two seismic stations at the same time and having practically equal amplitudes are selected, and the angle between the directions of microseismic signal arrival from two seismic stations simultaneously , one of which is located normally, is from 1 to 10 °, when spills of a transported liquid are detected Ukta to form an oil slick spreading processes and oil migration is calculated taking into account the hydrodynamic parameters of the aqueous medium.

, лигандный обмен типа

, внутримолекулярные процессы вращения отдельных фрагментов в радикалах, конформационные вырожденные переходы, внутримолекулярные процессы перемещения атомов или групп атомов в радикалах и т.д.However, in the known method of geochemical exploration [6], the soil is probed by applying a coherent pulsed proton spin echo, while the method of electron paramagnetic resonance can determine the concentration and identify paramagnetic particles in any aggregate state, which is indispensable for studying the kinetics and mechanism of the processes that occur with their participation in the water column (hydrosphere), especially with catastrophic pollution of marine areas. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method solves a wide range of structural-dynamic problems. A detailed study of the EPR spectra of paramagnetic ions of d and f elements makes it possible to determine the valence state of the ion, find the symmetry of the crystal field, and quantitatively study the kinetics and thermodynamics of multistage ion complexation processes. The dynamic effects in the EPR spectra, manifested in the specific broadening of individual components of the hyperfine structure due to the modulation of the constants due to intra- and intermolecular chemical reactions, allow one to quantitatively study these reactions, for example, electronic exchange between radical ions and initial molecules of the type

type ligand exchange

, intramolecular processes of rotation of individual fragments in radicals, conformational degenerate transitions, intramolecular processes of movement of atoms or groups of atoms in radicals, etc.

In double electron nuclear resonance (DEAR), the test substance is subjected to simultaneous exposure to microwave radiation and an alternating magnetic field in the frequency range of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this case, microwave radiation and a constant magnetic field are maintained under resonance conditions, and the NMR frequency, that is, an alternating magnetic field that provides NMR for a given constant magnetic field, varies in the range corresponding to the fine structure of a particular spin system. When the nuclear resonance condition is satisfied, the EPR signal changes in intensity. The DEYAR spectrum, therefore, is a graph of the change in the intensity of the EPR signal versus the change in the NMR frequency. The method greatly simplifies the spectra of the studied objects. For example, if the EPR spectrum of the (C ₆ H ₅ ) ₃ C * radical contains 196 hyperfine structure lines, then three pairs of lines corresponding to three sets of fine structure proton constants for this radical (ortho-, meta-, para-protons) are recorded in the DEYR spectrum three phenyl rings). In double electron-electron resonance (DEER), the decrease in the intensity of one hyperfine transition is measured while the second hyperfine transition is saturated (due to the high power of the corresponding microwave frequency). Both EPR modifications give very accurate values of the hyperfine structure constants. The electron spin echo (ESE) method consists in exposing the spin system to short and powerful microwave pulses under EPR conditions and observing the relaxation of the system thus excited to its initial state. In addition to directly measuring the relaxation times of the spin system, which is implemented in the prototype, the method also allows you to obtain information about the speed of slow movements of free radicals. An optically detectable EPR (OD EPR) provides information on free radicals in radical pairs arising from radiation or UV exposure in crystals and in the liquid phase. The spin state of a radical pair (singlet or triplet) can be forcedly changed, causing spin transitions of the pair’s partners under the influence of a resonant microwave field in an external magnetic field. The EPR spectrum is recorded by changing the yield of products from the radical pair by any analytical method. The highest sensitivity is obtained using optical methods, especially for measuring luminescence. When the magnetic field strength changes, the recorded luminescence spectrum exactly repeats the EPR spectrum of radicals arising in radical pairs. The sensitivity of the method is 10-10 ² particles in the sample, which allows one to obtain information on the EPR spectra, structure and transformations of short-lived radicals, whose lifetime is about 10 ^-8 s. (Encyclopedia of Physics and Technology .webmaster @femto .. Wertz J., Bolton J., Theory and practical applications of the EPR method, M., 1975; Landolt-Bornstein, Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. New series, B. , v. II / 1, 1965-66, II / 2, 1966, II / 8, 1976-80, II / 10, 1979, II / 11, 1981, II / 12, 1984, II / 17, 1987-89 )

The objective of this technical proposal is to expand the functionality of known methods of geochemical exploration.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of geochemical exploration for geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas areas, which consists in the selection of rocks and vegetation along streams, rock samples are divided into two fractions - more than 0.1 mm and less than 0 , 1 mm, a fraction of more than 0.1 mm is analyzed for the content of chemical elements Si, Al, Ti, Y, a fraction of less than 0.1 mm is analyzed for the content of chemical element Hg, vegetation samples are analyzed for the content of chemical elements Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn , Ag, results a The analysis of fractions of more than 0.1 mm and vegetation samples is recalculated to the corresponding additive indicators of normalized concentrations, maps of the distribution of the indicated additive indicators and the chemical element Hg are constructed and objects characterized by the distribution of the anomalous values of the additive indicators and the chemical element Hg in the series of chemical elements Si, Al, Ti, Y-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Hg-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Si, Al, Ti, Y, with oil and gas promising areas, analyze for methane content, determine the coordinates of gas formation by its position in the moving coordinate system of buoy stations located in the aquatic environment and equipped with methane detection sensors, by which the methane concentration in the water column is measured by the change in the resistance of the active layer of the sensor, which is converted into the output (measured) voltage in which the relief is preliminarily taken of the water area, according to the results of the survey, flooded river valleys crossing the continental shelf are detected, sounding of bottom sediments by acoustic pulses and Graduation of the time interval between separate signals, performs the reconstruction of the terrain, determines the correlation length of dynamic variables that describe the energy and / or impulse fluxes from the top of the bottom sediment to the bottom and from the bottom of the bottom sediment to a depth of 2-4 km, perform an analysis structural and denudation forms on the relief with the release of terrigenous sediments, when identifying the prerequisites for the existence of oil and gas sites, the soil is probed by exposure to coherent with a pulsed proton spin echo, while performing tomographic reconstruction of the image of the studied geological section of the soil at the level of prismatic crystals, the resistance and friction coefficients of the bottom soil are additionally measured, which are used to determine the strength characteristics, the resistance and friction coefficients are measured using a penetrometer installed at the bottom seismic station, moreover, at least two bottom seismic stations are installed, by means of which the micros seismic waves, in the analysis of microseismic waves, longitudinal microseismic waves are extracted and transverse microseismic waves are excluded from the analysis by means of a phase amplitude filter, while in the analysis of longitudinal microseismic waves all harmonic oscillations recorded by two seismic stations simultaneously and having practically equal amplitudes are selected, while the angle between directions of arrival of microseismic signals simultaneously from two seismic stations, one of which is located normally, it is from 1 to 10 °, when spills of a transported liquid product with the formation of an oil spot are detected, the processes of oil spreading and transfer are calculated taking into account the hydrodynamic parameters of the aqueous medium, characterized in that when probing the soil by exposure to a coherent pulsed proton spin echo, the hydrosphere is additionally probed , the test medium is subjected to simultaneous exposure to microwave radiation and an alternating magnetic field in the frequency region of nuclear magnetic resonance, while the microwave The value and constant magnetic field are maintained under resonance conditions, while the decrease in the intensity of one hyperfine transition is measured at the same time, due to the high power of the corresponding microwave frequency of the second hyperfine transition, and additionally, electron paramagnetic resonance is subjected to optical detection, while the spin state of the radical pair (singlet or triplet) change in a forced way, causing spin transitions of the partners of the pair under the influence of a resonant microwave field in an external magnetic field, the spectrum of electronic magnetic resonance is recorded by changing the yield of products from the radical pair by the analytical method.

The inventive method of geochemical exploration for geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas areas is based on a number of studies that are based on an analysis of the results of marine sedimentation processes (O.K. Leontyev. Marine geology. M .: Higher school. 1982, p.118), and the intensity of chemical processes, which are greatly influenced by their specific surface area, which is directly dependent on the mechanical and material composition of sediments (O.K. Leontyev. Marine Geology. M .: Higher School. 1982, p.136).

It is known that “oil is present in the aquatic environment in the form of several aggregate states: surface films (slicks); dissolved forms; emulsions (such as "oil in water" and "water in oil"); suspended forms (oil-oil formations floating on the surface and in the water column, oil fractions adsorbed on suspensions); solid and viscous components deposited at the bottom; compounds accumulated in hydrobionts, and also, ultimately, deposited on the seabed (Geoecological monitoring of marine oil and gas bearing water areas / Lobkovsky LI, Levchenko DG, Leonov AV, Ambrosimov AK // M. : Science, 2005, p.194). In this case, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of polluting petroleum substances can reach 10-20 MPC (Geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas areas / Lobkovsky L.I., Levchenko D.G., Leonov A.V., Ambrosimov A.K. // M. , Science, 2005, p. 293).

Studies on the identification of hazardous components of pollution of the Caspian Sea waters (Geoecological monitoring of marine oil and gas bearing water areas / Lobkovsky L.I., Levchenko D.G., Leonov A.V., Ambrosimov A.K.// M .: Nauka, 2005, p. 292) showed that a high concentration of oil products is noted in its entire thickness. At the same time, traces of oil were installed on an area of more than 800 square kilometers around offshore drilling platforms.

The proposed method of geochemical exploration for geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas areas is implemented using the method of coherent pulsed proton spin echo, which is one of the modern and promising methods of quantum radiophysics. It is based on the observation of effects caused by the interaction of hydrogen proton nuclei ( ¹ N), which have a magnetic moment and coincide with the direction of the nuclear spin, with the surrounding microparticles when the entire system is exposed to constant magnetic and alternating electromagnetic fields.

The main advantage of the method is a clear physical concept of quantum-mechanical ideas about the structure of matter. All information on the structure of the medium and the phenomena occurring in it is reflected in the dynamics of the precession of spins of resonating polarized atomic nuclei (1H) and is detected by the proton spin echo method. This method relates to non-destructive testing methods, without changing the state of aggregation, physico-chemical composition and environmental properties, which is the most important factor in the study of natural environments.

This method can be used to study a large number of nuclei. However, the choice of an element as an object of research in solving applied problems is determined by two factors - the presence of a magnetic moment and its content in the natural environment. The most effective, from this point of view of research, is hydrogen ¹ H, as the most common element in nature and the most stable and universal microparticle, participating in all types of interactions (electrical, magnetic, gravitational, weak, strong, etc.). The study of the structure of the water molecule, the dynamics of its change as a result of the interaction of water with natural and anthropogenic objects and phenomena makes it possible to study the physical essence of various natural and anthropogenic processes (microstructure of sea water, dynamics of ocean currents, the interaction of the ocean and atmosphere).

Recently, a lot of work has been done to study the special physical, chemical and biological properties of aquatic environments, in particular the marine environment, in connection with the processes of their relaxation after external influences.

According to existing theoretical concepts in a marine environment under quasistationary conditions, a dynamic network of directed hydrogen bonds forms between water molecules with inorganic ions interspersed in this network of inorganic ions (diamagnetic, paramagnetic) dissolved in water by impurities of organic compounds, gases dissolved in sea water and their microbubbles, particles marine suspension. A dynamic network of strong and weak hydrogen bonds in an aqueous medium undergoes spontaneous rearrangement as a result of the thermal motion of molecules, however, on a microscopic scale, it characterizes the state of an aqueous medium with the corresponding microscopic interaction constants. As a result, a crystalline structure of the marine environment forms with the corresponding values of the effective internal fields and the features of the spin-lattice interactions. When oil fractions appear in this medium, microstructural disturbances occur at the molecular level, which can be detected by the method of pulsed coherent proton spin echo from measurements of spin relaxation times (spin-spin-T ₂ , spin-lattice-T ₁ ).

и переменное высокочастотное (ВЧ) поле

, которое наиболее сильно воздействует на ядерные магнитные моменты при совпадении его частоты с собственной частотой перехода. Под действием поля

в поле

происходит нутация вектора магнитного момента ядер

. При воздействии полем

в течение определенного времени вектор

может быть повернут на определенный угол относительно поля

, например π/2 или π (соответствующие радиоимпульсы называются 90° или 180°; θ=γH₁t_p, где θ - угол поворота

, γ - гиромагнитное отношение;

- значение напряженности ВЧ-поля; t_p - время воздействия).In this method, an alternating magnetic field that excites transitions between different quantum states is applied to the studied volume of the marine environment (≈0.3 cm ³ ) in the form of short radio pulses, and signals from excited nuclei are observed after exposure to pulses. In this case, a constant magnetic field is applied to the test volume

and variable high-frequency (HF) field

, which most strongly affects nuclear magnetic moments when its frequency coincides with the natural transition frequency. Under the influence of the field

in field

nutation of the magnetic moment vector of nuclei occurs

. When exposed to the field

over time vector

can be rotated a certain angle relative to the field

, for example π / 2 or π (the corresponding radio pulses are called 90 ° or 180 °; θ = γH ₁ t _p , where θ is the rotation angle

, γ is the gyromagnetic ratio;

- value of the RF field strength; t _p is the exposure time).

стремятся установиться вдоль поля

. Соответствующее равновесное значение ядерной намагниченности исследуемого объема морской среды отвечает больцмановскому распределению ядер по энергетическим состояниям. Измерение величины или ориентации намагниченности означает перераспределение ядер между энергетическими состояниями, т.е. изменение микроструктуры исследуемого объема на молекулярном уровне. Если в какой-либо момент времени ядерная намагниченность имеет случайное значение, то ряд процессов будет приводить ее в равновесное состояние, что и определяет время релаксации системы. Поскольку изменение намагниченности исследуемого объема среды связано с увеличением или уменьшением энергии системы магнитных моментов (системы спинов), а любое взаимодействие внутри системы не может привести к изменению ее полной энергии, то, очевидно, существует обмен энергией между системой спинов и соответствующими внутренними резервуарами энергии. При ядерной магнитной релаксации таким резервуаром служит «решетка», в данном случае сама морская среда, причем важно наличие спиновых взаимодействий независимо от агрегатного состояния рассматриваемой среды.In the absence of external influences, the magnetic moments of the nuclei

tend to settle along the field

. The corresponding equilibrium value of the nuclear magnetization of the studied volume of the marine environment corresponds to the Boltzmann distribution of nuclei by energy states. The measurement of the magnitude or orientation of the magnetization means the redistribution of nuclei between energy states, i.e. change in the microstructure of the test volume at the molecular level. If at any moment of time the nuclear magnetization has a random value, then a number of processes will bring it to an equilibrium state, which determines the relaxation time of the system. Since the change in the magnetization of the studied volume of the medium is associated with an increase or decrease in the energy of the system of magnetic moments (system of spins), and any interaction within the system cannot lead to a change in its total energy, obviously, there is an energy exchange between the system of spins and the corresponding internal energy reservoirs. In nuclear magnetic relaxation, such a reservoir is the “lattice”, in this case, the marine environment itself, and the presence of spin interactions is important regardless of the state of aggregation of the medium in question.

) компоненты намагниченности

характеризуется постоянной T₁ (время спин-решеточной релаксации). Для поперечной компоненты вводится постоянная T₂ (время спин-спиновой релаксации). Равновесное значение поперечной компоненты равно нулю и постоянная времени установления Т₂≤T₁. Для измерения времени спин-спиновой и спин-решеточной релаксации используются разнообразные последовательности 90° и 180° импульсов.A common feature of relaxation processes is the energy exchange between macroscopic objects with a system of spins ordered in a certain way and thermal motion in matter (the specific mechanism of energy transfer can be different). In the general case, the rate of establishment of the equilibrium state of the longitudinal value (relative to

) magnetization components

characterized by a constant T ₁ (spin-lattice relaxation time). For the transverse component, the constant T ₂ (spin-spin relaxation time) is introduced. The equilibrium value of the transverse component is zero and the settling time constant is T ₂ ≤T ₁ . A variety of 90 ° and 180 ° pulse sequences are used to measure the spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times.

на ось z, совпадающую с направлением

. Для его определения в ходе установления термодинамического равновесия между спиновой системой и решеткой необходимо измерить M_z в зависимости от времени. С этой целью используется целый ряд импульсных последовательностей. В наблюдаемых экспериментальных методах измерения Т₁ в качестве первых импульсов, возбуждающих спиновую систему, используется 180° импульс: 180-t-90° или 180-t-90°-τ₁-180°, где t - соответствующий момент времени; τ₁ - постоянный интервал времени между вторым и третьим импульсами (τ₁ выбирается из условия t «τ₁). Третий «проявляющий» импульс используется при больших величинах T₁ и большой неоднородности

, когда сигнал свободной индукции после 90° импульса трудно наблюдать из-за малой его длительности. Частота посылок или запуска импульсных последовательностей равна T_o, где T_o=6T₁, чтобы спиновая система успела возвратиться в состояние термодинамического равновесия перед каждой новой посылкой.The basic principles underlying the measurements of T ₁ are as follows. The parameter T ₁ characterizes the change in projection time

on the z axis coinciding with the direction

. To determine it during the establishment of thermodynamic equilibrium between the spin system and the lattice, it is necessary to measure M _z as a function of time. For this purpose, a number of pulse sequences are used. In the observed experimental methods of measuring T ₁ , the first pulses exciting the spin system use a 180 ° pulse: 180-t-90 ° or 180-t-90 ° -τ ₁ -180 °, where t is the corresponding moment in time; τ ₁ - a constant time interval between the second and third pulses (τ ₁ is selected from the condition t "τ ₁ ). The third "manifesting" impulse is used for large values of T ₁ and large heterogeneity

when the free induction signal after a 90 ° pulse is difficult to observe due to its short duration. The frequency of the sendings or triggering of pulse sequences is T _o , where T _o = 6T ₁ so that the spin system has time to return to the state of thermodynamic equilibrium before each new sending.

представляется в виде сумм различных экспоненциальных вкладовFor seawater, the simple exponential dependence of the decay of nuclear magnetization after excitation pulses of the spin system with a frequency ω _t = ω _n (ω _t is the frequency of the RF field; ω _n is the frequency of the precession of the spin system) is never observed. In this case, the magnetization in the field direction

represented as sums of various exponential contributions

,

,

;where p _{o is the} relative contribution of the nth component

;

T _1n is the spin-lattice relaxation time.

The rate of spin-lattice relaxation 1 / T ₁ for the marine environment in a first approximation can be estimated as:

1 / T ₁ = 1 / T ₁₀ + 1 / T _1n + 1 / T ₁₀₂ + 1 / T _1k + 1 / T _1g ,

where T ₁₀ is the time of spin-lattice relaxation of pure water;

T _1n , T _1k , T _1g - relaxation times of dissolved impurities with various magnetic properties (paramagnetic, diamagnetic) and particles of the condensed phase (suspension);

T _{102 is the} contribution of oxygen dissolved in sea water, brought to equilibrium concentration, which makes it possible to take into account the constancy of the contribution of T ₁₀₂ to the experimentally determined spin-lattice relaxation rate 1 / T ₁ . Similar procedures can be performed for the contributions of T _1n , T _1k , T _1g to the spin-lattice relaxation rate. Thus, from the exponential values of the spin-lattice relaxation rate, the contributions of microstructural disturbances in the marine environment after the appearance of oil fractions can be obtained.

It should be noted that low-energy research methods, the use of which does not lead to changes in the microstructural states of the marine environment, seem to be the most correct for detecting microstructural disturbances at the molecular level. These include pulsed methods of coherent proton spin echo. Indeed, when measuring the rates of spin-lattice relaxation in an unperturbed marine environment, the contributions of the times T _1n , T _1k , T _1g , T _{1 02} will be known, which will make it possible to estimate the contribution of T ₁₀ at a certain point (for distilled water at a given electrical conductivity, the value of T _{10 is} known ) After the passage of a self-propelled object in the marine environment, the time T ₁ in the area of its movement changes. These changes are related to the nature of the distribution of impurities with different magnetic properties, dissolved oxygen O ₂ , microbubbles of gases, particles of the condensed phase and the microstructural state of the marine environment, due to the nature of the network of hydrogen bonds in the region of the appearance of oil suspensions and, accordingly, a change in the parameter T ₁ .

The change in structure is the most long-term and informative in nature. This method allows one to approach the accuracy of energy changes in the medium of the order of 10 ^-15 eV / Hz. Placing buoy and bottom stations equipped with measuring equipment built on these principles in the aquatic environment allows one to create a volumetric tomographic picture of this process by sensing in a given area using a proton spin echo sensor. Energy disturbances of this kind can be recorded during the day or more, depending on the hydrodynamic conditions of a given region.

The method is implemented as follows.

In the water area (or a given land area with rivers and swamps), the bottom topography is recorded using hydroacoustic means installed on a hydrographic vessel. Relief photography can be performed using known methods and means based on the principles of sonar (multi-beam echo sounders, sonar, profilers, etc.).

Shooting of the bottom topography is carried out by multipath echo sounders without gaps with overlapping adjacent bands. To capture the bottom topography, multi-beam echo sounders (Sea Beam 1180, Simrad EM 3002) are used. Sonar imaging is performed using a 500 kHz sonar. The composition of the areal survey complex includes sound velocity meters and vertical pitch and roll trim sensors, which provide proofreading of the data of the area bathymetric and sonar surveys.

The measured depths in post-processing are corrected by depths at sea level according to the data of temporary level posts. Based on the survey results, depth plates are compiled on a scale of 1: 2000.

Geophysical surveys include marine magnetic surveys and acoustic profiling.

Magnetometry is performed using a Sea SPY or Marine Magnetic Explorer proton gradiometer. The towed body of the gradiometer in deep water is towed at a distance of 5 m from the bottom. For stable holding of the towed body at a given distance from the bottom, a DT VARINE 2005EHLWR winch with remote control is used. In shallow areas, the working body of the gradiometer is towed to the surface, its location is determined by the length of the cable and the distance to the GPS antenna.

The work is carried out using equipment of the Boomer type with the reception of the reflected signal to the multi-channel streamer and registration at the digital seismic station. To determine the position of the vessel and information sensors, the equipment of consumers of the GPS satellite navigation system in differential mode (DGPS) operating at two independent control and correction stations, as well as geodetic control and correction stations for working in RTK mode or for receiving Starfix corrections, are used with the necessary accuracy HP via satellite. Such a coordination system ensures the determination of a place with a mean square error of not more than 0.3 m at any point in the district during round-the-clock operation. For navigation support, the MS 750 Base type geodetic station, Trimble 5700 RTK and Trimble DSM 2121 shipborne receivers, and a navigation computer with software were used. Electronic Navigation Information System (ECDIS), ECS -1000 system with dKart Navigator software, ultra-short-range underwater navigation system of the Simrad HRP 410P type for high-precision positioning of the gondola of a magnetometer with two transponder beacons.

Seismoacoustic profiling - a pallet profilograph of the SPB Klein 2275 type (operating frequency 3.5 kHz, resolution 75 cm, maximum towing depth 600 m) or integrated use of a geolocation (profilograph) of the Seapro type (Seateam) with tunable frequency ranges 1-30 kHz, with a signal power of 10 kW, and Shelf-4 electrical intelligence equipment with an express recorder of an acoustic signal of the Iney-P type.

Geodetic station of the Trimble 4600LS type.

Software and software "Trimble Geomatics Office".

Geoinformation system such as "Mapinfo v.7".

The heading and dynamic displacement sensor of the Octans type vessel with compensation of dynamic displacements of 0.01 degrees on the course, vertical movement, on-board and pitching with a data frequency of 40 Hz.

Sound speed meter type "SVP 15" or type "OLD-1". Sea level meter type "GMU-2".

According to the results of surveying the bottom topography and its cartographic display, in relation to the sea, the direction of the flooded river valleys that cross the continental shelf is revealed.

In this case, the flooded river valleys are revealed by very elongated winding depressions that cross the continental shelf and are a direct continuation of the river valleys of coastal land (Leontyev O.K. Marine Geology. M .: Higher School, 1982, p. 161).

Then, sounding of bottom sediments along the direction of the flooded river valleys with acoustic pulses is performed and the time interval between separate signals generated by hydroacoustic means is measured. According to the results of acoustic sounding, layers of bottom sediments and soil are formed at a depth of up to 4 km. Restore bottom sediments and soil to the depth of propagation of acoustic signals. In this case, the correlation length of the dynamic variables describing the energy and / or impulse fluxes from the top of the bottom sediment to the bottom and from the bottom of the bottom sediment to the depth of the soil is determined to be up to 2-4 km. Perform tomographic restoration of the image of the studied geological section of the soil at the level of prismatic crystals, additionally measure the resistance and friction coefficients of the bottom soil, which determine the strength characteristics, the resistance and friction coefficients are measured using a penetrometer installed on the bottom seismic station, and at least two bottom seismic stations by which microseismic waves are recorded in microseismic analysis The longitudinal microseismic waves are extracted and transverse microseismic waves are excluded from the analysis by means of a phase amplitude filter. In the analysis of longitudinal microseismic waves, all harmonic oscillations recorded by two seismic stations simultaneously and having almost equal amplitudes are selected, while the angle between the directions of arrival of microseismic signals is simultaneously from of two seismic stations, one of which is located normally, is from 1 to 10 degrees, while lenii spills of the transported liquid product to form an oil slick spreading processes and oil migration is calculated taking into account the hydrodynamic parameters of the aqueous medium.

According to the tomographic restoration of bottom sediments and soil, mechanical differentiation of sediments and suspensions is performed with the separation of fractions of mechanical composition (particle size fractions) in accordance with the classification adopted in the practice of marine geological research [Leontiev O.K. Marine geology. M.: Higher School, 1982, p. 80].

Next, an analysis is carried out for the content of chemical elements with the separation of terrigenous deposits, maps of the distribution of additive indicators are constructed, and objects characterized by the distribution of anomalous values of additive indicators and Hg in the series Si, Al, Ti, Y-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Hg are identified -Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Si, Al, Ti, Y, with oil and gas promising areas.

By the presence of terrigenous deposits, the presence of oil and gas in the studied area is judged.

The judgment on the presence of oil and gas in terms of the presence of terrigenous sediments is based on the well-known fact that many shelves are characterized by a significant thickness of the platform cover, which decreases sharply on the outer edge of the shelf. This is due to the fact that the outer edge of many shelves is elevated and, in most cases, islands are confined to the shelf [Leontyev O.K. Marine geology. M.: Higher School, 1982 p.176].

Since many shelves are a continuation of the lowlands confined to large platform deflections or syneclises, the sequences performing these deflections are tilted towards the shelf and reach maximum power within it. The high power of terrigenous sediments in oil and gas regions is a condition conducive to oil and gas.

When identifying marine areas with the possible existence of oil and gas sites, a buoy station and at least two seismic bottom stations are installed in the water area.

Using measuring sensors installed at the buoy station and at seismic bottom stations, seismic, microseismic vibrations and hydrochemical parameters are recorded, and the water column is probed by detecting the mechanisms of spin-phonon interactions in sea water when a coherent pulsed proton spin is applied to the object under study echo, which is realized by a proton spin echo probe, which is equipped with a proton spin echo spectrometer and a block about abotki spin relaxation parameters analog which is described in [Zverev SB A new method for studying the dynamics of ocean waters. Vladivostok. Proceedings of the Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, vol. 3, 1990, pp. 160-172. S.B.Zverev, W.H. Kopville. The use of multiple quantum resonators to study the structure of a liquid. // Optics of the atmosphere and ocean, t. 6, No. 7, pp. 778-782.] ... According to the data obtained, using a proton spin echo probe, tomographic reconstruction of the studied geological section of the soil is performed at the level of prismatic crystals, which allows mineralogical analysis. At the same time, the quantitative ratios of minerals are determined by isolating them by density, optical properties, magnetic, electromagnetic, as well as physical and chemical characteristics using known methods of mineralogical analysis [Leontiev O.K. Marine geology. M., High School. 1982, p. 87].

As a proton spin echo sensor, as in the prototype, a so-called minimagnetic system consisting of samarium-cobalt washers with a large permanent magnetization and high energy intensity can be used. As a result, with a magnet mass of 9 kg, it is possible to achieve a magnetic field induction value of up to 1.5 T in its gap. Thus, with smooth mechanical adjustment of the interpolar distance of the magnetic system, the working frequency can vary from 12 to 60 MHz for protons while maintaining enough, or serial devices, the frequency of electromagnetic radiation in which is set constant, and the resonance condition is achieved by changing the magnetic field strength. Most spectrometers operate at a frequency of v 9000 MHz, a wavelength of 3.2 cm, and magnetic induction of 0.3 T.

When identifying potential oil and gas sites, as in the prototype, soil and vegetation samples are taken along the river bed, an analysis of additive indicators is performed, maps of the distribution of additive indicators are constructed, and objects characterized by the distribution of anomalous values of the additive indicators and Hg in the series Si, Al, Ti, Y-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Hg-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Si, Al, Ti, Y, with oil and gas promising areas, in terms of evaluating the feasibility of industrial use.

When oil leaks from an underwater pipeline and the presence of an oil spill are detected, the changes in the configuration of the oil slick are performed according to the hydrodynamic parameters of the water medium measured by the hydrophysical module in accordance with the SPILLMOD hydrodynamic model [L.I. Lobkovsky, D.G. Levchenko, A.V. Leonov A.K. Ambrosimov. Geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas areas. M .: Nauka, 2005, p.142-143].

The task of detecting gas leaks from the pipeline is solved in a similar way.

To determine the area of contamination from oil leakage, the buoy and bottom stations are equipped with proton spin echo sensors, the measurement results of which, using a spectral analyzer, determine the rate of spin-lattice relaxation 1 / T ₁ , which for the marine environment in a first approximation can be estimated as:

1 / T ₁ = 1 / T ₁₀ + 1 / T _1n + 1 / T ₁₀₂ + 1 / T _1k + 1 / T _1g ,

where T ₁₀ is the time of spin-lattice relaxation of pure water;

T _1n , T _1k , T _1g - relaxation times of dissolved impurities with various magnetic properties (paramagnetic, diamagnetic) and particles of the condensed phase (suspension);

T _{102 is the} contribution of oxygen dissolved in sea water, brought to equilibrium concentration, which makes it possible to take into account the constancy of the contribution of T ₁₀₂ to the experimentally determined spin-lattice relaxation rate 1 / T ₁ . Similar procedures can be performed for the contributions of T _1n , T _1k , T _1g to the spin-lattice relaxation rate. Thus, from the exponential values of the spin-lattice relaxation rate, the contributions of microstructural disturbances in the marine environment after the appearance of oil fractions can be obtained.

The times of spin-lattice relaxation T ₁ and spin-spin relaxation T ₂ are a quantitative measure of the rate of return of the spin system to its original state after exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The absorption of electromagnetic energy recorded by the recording device by the spin system constitutes the EPR spectrum.

, где S_пл - площадь под кривой поглощения, I_макс - интенсивность линии, ΔH_макс - ширина линии. 1-я и особенно 2-я производные (фиг.1, в) весьма чувствительны к форме линии поглощения. Форма линии в спектре ЭПР сравнивается с лоренцевой и гауссовой формами линии, которые аналитически выражаются в виде: y=a/(1+bx²) - лоренцева линия, y=a exp (-bx²) - гауссова линия. Лоренцевы линии обычно наблюдаются в спектрах ЭПР жидких растворов парамагнитных частиц низкой концентрации. Если линия представляет собой суперпозицию множества линий (неразрешенная СТС), то форме ее близка к гауссовой.The main parameters of the EPR spectra are the intensity, shape and width of the resonance line, the g-factor, and the constants of the thin and hyperfine (HFS) structures. In practice, the 1st, less often the 2nd derivatives of the absorption curve are usually recorded, which improves the sensitivity and resolution of the information received. The line intensity is determined by the area under the absorption curve (Fig. 1, a), which is proportional to the number of paramagnetic particles in the sample. Their absolute quantity is estimated by comparing the intensities of the spectra of the test sample and the standard. When registering the 1st derivative of the absorption curve (Fig. 1, b), the double integration procedure is used. In some cases, the integrated intensity can be approximately estimated using the expression

, where S _PL is the area under the absorption curve, I _max is the line intensity, ΔH _max is the line width. 1st and especially 2nd derivatives (figure 1, c) are very sensitive to the shape of the absorption line. The line shape in the EPR spectrum is compared with the Lorentzian and Gaussian line shapes, which are analytically expressed as: y = a / (1 + bx ² ) - Lorentzian line, y = a exp (-bx ² ) - Gaussian line. Lorentzian lines are usually observed in the EPR spectra of liquid solutions of paramagnetic particles of low concentration. If the line is a superposition of many lines (unresolved STS), then its shape is close to Gaussian.

In double electron nuclear resonance (DEAR), the test substance is subjected to simultaneous exposure to microwave radiation and an alternating magnetic field in the frequency range of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this case, microwave radiation and a constant magnetic field are maintained under resonance conditions, and the NMR frequency, that is, an alternating magnetic field that provides NMR for a given constant magnetic field, varies in the range corresponding to the fine structure of a particular spin system. When the nuclear resonance condition is satisfied, the EPR signal changes in intensity. The DEYAR spectrum, therefore, is a graph of the change in the intensity of the EPR signal versus the change in the NMR frequency. The method greatly simplifies the spectra of the studied objects. For example, if the EPR spectrum of the (C ₆ H ₅ ) ₃ C * radical contains 196 hyperfine structure lines, then three pairs of lines corresponding to three sets of fine structure proton constants for this radical (ortho-, meta-, para-protons) are recorded in the DEYR spectrum three phenyl rings). In double electron-electron resonance (DEER), the decrease in the intensity of one hyperfine transition is measured while the second hyperfine transition is saturated (due to the high power of the corresponding microwave frequency). Both EPR modifications give very accurate values of the hyperfine structure constants. The electron spin echo (ESE) method consists in exposing the spin system to short and powerful microwave pulses under EPR conditions and observing the relaxation of the system thus excited to its initial state. In addition to directly measuring the relaxation times of the spin system, which is implemented in the prototype, the method also allows you to obtain information about the speed of slow movements of free radicals. An optically detectable EPR (OD EPR) provides information on free radicals in radical pairs arising from radiation or UV exposure in crystals and in the liquid phase. The spin state of a radical pair (singlet or triplet) can be forcedly changed, causing spin transitions of the pair’s partners under the influence of a resonant microwave field in an external magnetic field. The EPR spectrum is recorded by changing the yield of products from the radical pair by any analytical method. The highest sensitivity is obtained using optical methods, especially for measuring luminescence. When the magnetic field strength changes, the recorded luminescence spectrum exactly repeats the EPR spectrum of radicals arising in radical pairs. The sensitivity of the method is 10-10 ² particles in the sample, which allows one to obtain information on the EPR spectra, structure and transformations of short-lived radicals, whose lifetime is about 10 ^-8 s. (Encyclopedia of Physics and Technology. Webmaster @ femto.com.ua).

Subsequently, according to the data obtained, the pollution region is mapped - a topographic and navigation map on which the boundaries of pollution are displayed. Information mapping is carried out by applying the geodetic coordinates of the bottom station location at the bottom of the reservoir on a tablet, which is built by pairing topographic and navigation raster maps in the following sequence:

- the raster of the navigation map in the Mercator projection is subjected to vectorization of the coastline of the navigation map;

- the site corresponding to the marine area where the leak occurred from the transport water supply is taken into account, taking into account the vectorization of the coastline of the navigation chart;

- a record is made in the final raster of the navigation map;

- the raster of the topographic map in the Gauss-Kruger projection is reduced to the scale of the navigation map;

- the coordinates of the Gauss-Kruger projection are converted into geographical coordinates;

- the conversion of geographical coordinates to the coordinates of the Mercator projection is performed;

- a raster plot is selected that corresponds to the land (coastal) region;

- the topographic map is written to the final raster;

- based on the results of recordings in the final rasters of the navigation and topographic map, the final raster map of the combined navigation and topographic information in the Mercator projection is built;

- on the final raster map displayed on the display device, the path of the displaced station relative to the bottom station and relative to the supporting vessel is also displayed.

The mapping results can subsequently be displayed for visualization on a monitor, on which the obtained information can be reflected in two-dimensional and three-dimensional projections.

The proposed method of geochemical exploration for geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas areas can also be used when performing research. Sea water contains a large number of paramagnetic impurities in the form of paramagnetic transition metal ions and their complex compounds in the paramagnetic state. The study of their distribution in sea water is of great scientific interest. Paramagnetic impurities can serve as tracers for studying the dynamics of water masses. The study of the dynamics of the concentration fields of paramagnetic impurities provides additional information on the degree and scale of the influence of external sources of paramagnetic impurities (river flow, deep hydrothermal volcanic activity, industrial waste dumping, etc.) on the component and structural composition of sea and ocean waters.

The practical implementation of the proposed method is not of technical complexity, since its implementation uses means having industrial applicability.

Information sources

1. Copyright certificate SU No. 1786460.

2. Patent RU No. 2017138.

3. Patent RU No. 2040783.

4. Patent RU No. 2108597.

5. Patent RU No. 2374667.

6. Patent RU No. 2456644, 07.20.07.2012.

Claims (1)

The method of geochemical exploration for geoecological monitoring of marine oil and gas bearing water areas, which consists in the fact that they take samples of rocks and vegetation along waterways, rock samples are divided into two fractions - more than 0.1 mm and less than 0.1 mm, a fraction of more than 0.1 mm are analyzed for the content of chemical elements Si, Al, Ti, Y, a fraction of less than 0.1 mm is analyzed for the content of the chemical element Hg, vegetation samples are analyzed for the content of chemical elements Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, the results of the analysis of the fraction are more than 0, 1 mm and samples of vegetation n count on the corresponding additive indicators of normalized concentrations, build maps of the distribution of these additive indicators and the chemical element Hg and identify objects characterized by the distribution of the anomalous values of the additive indicators and the chemical element Hg in the series of chemical elements Si, Al, Ti, Y-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Hg-Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag-Si, Al, Ti, Y, with oil and gas promising areas, analyze the content of methane, determine the coordinates of the gas formation by its position in the moving coordinate system b stations located in the aquatic environment and equipped with methane detection sensors, by which methane concentration in the water column is measured by changing the resistance of the active layer of the sensor, which is converted to the output (measured) voltage, the relief of the water area is preliminarily taken, and flooded river valleys crossing the continental shelf perform sounding of bottom sediments with acoustic pulses and measure the time interval between separate signals, they perform the restoration of the terrain, determine the correlation length of dynamic variables that describe the energy and / or impulse flows from the top of the bottom sediment to the bottom and from the bottom of the bottom sediment to a depth of 2-4 km, analyze structural denudation forms on the relief with the separation of terrigenous deposits, when identifying the prerequisites for the existence of oil and gas sites, they perform sounding of the soil by exposure to a coherent pulsed proton spin echo, while homographic restoration of the image of the studied geological section of the soil at the level of prismatic crystals, additionally measure the resistance and friction coefficients of the bottom soil, which determine the strength characteristics, the resistance and friction coefficients are measured using a penetrometer installed at the bottom of the seismic station, and at least two bottom seismic stations by which microseismic waves are recorded, when analyzing microseismic waves, longitudinal microseismic waves are excluded and transverse microseismic waves are excluded from the analysis by means of a phase amplitude filter, while analyzing longitudinal microseismic waves, all harmonic oscillations recorded by two seismic stations simultaneously and having practically equal amplitudes are selected, while the angle between the directions of arrival of microseismic signals is simultaneously from two seismic stations, one of which is located normal, is from 1 to 10 °, when spills are detected of the imported liquid product with the formation of an oil slick, the processes of oil spreading and transfer are calculated taking into account the hydrodynamic parameters of the aquatic environment, characterized in that when probing the soil by exposure to a coherent pulsed proton spin echo, the hydrosphere is additionally probed, while the test medium is subjected to simultaneous exposure to microwave radiation and variable magnetic field in the frequency range of nuclear magnetic resonance, while microwave radiation and a constant magnetic field are supported under resonance conditions, this measures the decrease in the intensity of one hyperfine transition while saturating due to the high power of the corresponding microwave frequency of the second hyperfine transition, additionally, electron paramagnetic resonance is subjected to optical detection, while the spin state of the radical pair (singlet or triplet) is changed in a forced way, causing spin transitions of a pair’s partners under the influence of a resonant microwave field in an external magnetic field, the spectrum of the electron In this case, the total resonance is recorded by changing the yield of products from the radical pair by the analytical method.