RU2510958C1 - Method of normalization of fuel consumption rate by machine-tractor unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the operation of mobile agricultural machinery and relates to normalization of its work. In the method the standards of fuel consumption rate per hour during the working operation of the unit, its turns, crossings and stops with the engine running, and the types of mathematical functions are set according to the results of the data processing of satellite monitoring of the control unit work equipped with a fuel flow metre, by photo-timing observations the maximum time of one turn is defined, and the values obtained are put into the database of the software for the unit of this composition. As a standard the estimated value of the total fuel consumption rate for the required period of time is established, and the duration of the unit work in turns, crossings and stops with the engine running is determined, for a specified period, and also the average speed of motion over the crossings, and any period of time of the unit motion in the transport (idle) position exceeding the maximum time of one turn, is referred to the time of crossings.

EFFECT: improved accuracy of normalization of fuel consumption rate by the machine-tractor unit.

1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the operation of mobile agricultural equipment and for the normalization of its work.

The establishment of technically sound fuel consumption rates by machine-tractor aggregates (MTA) when they perform mechanized field work is one of the most important components of resource conservation in agricultural enterprises.

It is known that the MTA fuel consumption is influenced by various factors: the technical characteristics of the energy tool (tractor, combine harvester, etc.), the properties of working machines (in particular, traction resistance), the size of the field, its configuration, topography, soil condition, depth of processing, productivity of harvested crops, etc. Such a variety and dynamism of normative factors reduce the accuracy of forecasting fuel consumption of MTA and, accordingly, the objectivity of its rationing.

The following sources of information were used to analyze the prior art:

1. Sergeeva Z.V., Khimchenko G.T. Reference guide. M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1982.- 368 p.

2. Normative and reference materials for the planning of mechanized work in agricultural production: Collection. - M.: Federal State Institution "Rosinformagroteh", 2008. - 316 p.

3. Baram H.G. Scientific principles of technical regulation of mechanized field work. - M .: Kolos, 1970 .-- 440 p.

4. Gafurov I.D. Operational rationing of field mechanized works. / Technique in agriculture. - M., 2009, No. 3. - S.26-29.

5. The method of determining the maximum allowable fuel consumption during operation of the tractor unit. RF patent No. 2263286, G01F 9/00.

6. The method of rationing the development of the machine-tractor unit. RF patent No. 2450357, G06Q 10/06, G06Q 50/02.

In view of the aforementioned variety of norm-generating factors, the main known - the traditional - method of rationing fuel consumption / 1, 2, 3 / involves the use of specific (per hectare) standards, differentiated by groups of natural-production conditions of the MTA, and is implemented in the following sequence:

A) Determine the norms of shift productivity of MTA (in hectares) with a different combination of normative factors according to the formula

$$W_{\mathrm{from}m.n}=0.1B_R{V}_R{T}_R,(\mathrm{one})$$

where In _p - the working width of the capture unit, m;

V _p - average operating speed, km / h;

T _p - the time of the main work (time of working moves) during the shift, hours

The value of B _{p is} determined by measurements during operation of the unit or by reference tables / 1, 3 /, V _p - by calculation or according to the results of observations. The time T _{p is} calculated using photo-timing observations taking into account V _p , as well as other elements of the shift time / 1 /.

The average values of W _sm , determined by the formula (1), are summarized in the table of standard norms, differentiated by groups / 2 /.

B) For each group, set the fuel consumption rate q _n per hectare of cultivated area (l / ha) according to the formulas / 1, 3 /:

$$q_{n}Q/W_{\mathrm{from}m.n}=(Q_R{T}_R+Q_x{T}_x+Q_{\mathrm{about}}{T}_{\mathrm{about}})/W_{\mathrm{from}m.n}(2)$$

or

$$q_n=Q/W_{\mathrm{from}m.n}=(Q_R{T}_R+Q_{P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}}{T}_{P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}}+Q_{PeR}{T}_{PeR}+Q_{\mathrm{about}}{T}_{\mathrm{about}})/W_{\mathrm{from}m.n},(3)$$

where Q is the estimated fuel consumption for the amount of work W _sm.n , l;

Q _p , Q _x , Q _pov , Q _lane and Q _o are the norms of the hourly fuel consumption at various operating modes of the unit: respectively, on the move (i.e. when performing the main work), idle, turns, crossings and stops with the running engine, l / h;

T _r , T _x , T _pov , T _lane , T _o - the corresponding elements of the costs of the shift time: the time of the main work (working stroke), idle, turns, intra-shift from site to site (from field to field), stops with a working engine, h

C) Passportization of the fields of an agricultural enterprise is carried out, as a result of which a group of norms is determined to which the enterprise can be assigned according to its natural-production conditions.

D) From the reference books of standard norms / 2 /, taking into account the group, the production rate W _{cm, n} and the corresponding norm of hectare fuel consumption q _n are selected.

D) The fuel consumption rate (in liters) is determined taking into account the planned or actually processed area W (ha) as

$$Q_n=q_{n}W.(\mathrm{four})$$

The traditional method of fuel consumption standardization described above has the following disadvantages.

1. The average operating speed V _p for calculations according to the formula (1), as well as the norms of hourly fuel consumption at various operating modes of the unit Q _p , Q _x , Q _pov , Q _per and Q _o for formulas (2) and (3) are determined (predicted) using typical traction characteristics of tractors and average values (mathematical models) of traction resistance of working machines or based on observations of the operation of units.

In the first case, a significant forecast error is caused by deviations of the engine power and traction capabilities of real tractors from typical characteristics, which is especially pronounced with an increase in the service life of the equipment, a significant variation in the resistance of tillage and sowing working machines depending on moisture and soil hardness, and harvesting machines from various characteristics of the harvested culture, the condition of the machines themselves. In addition, for most modern imported and domestic tractors and other energy sources, there are no typical traction characteristics, and for working machines there are no traction resistance values and models describing the dependence of resistance on the main normative factors, for example, soil cultivation depth, its moisture.

In the second case (determination of V _p and values of hourly fuel consumption based on observational data), the error is due to the inevitable averaging of the data obtained for a wide range of variation of variable factors. For a more complete account of normative factors and the corresponding differentiation of the required indicators, it is necessary to conduct a large number of observations in various conditions, which is very difficult in the organizational plan.

Thus, errors in determining the unit speed values and hourly fuel consumption standards significantly reduce the accuracy of calculations by formulas (1), (2), (3) and, as a result, the objectivity of the fuel consumption rate determined by formula (4).

2. The next drawback of the traditional method of rationing / 1, 2, 3 / is determined by averaging the production rates W _sm.n and, accordingly, W _sm.n dependent on hectare fuel consumption q _n (formulas 2 and 3) for all fields of the agricultural enterprise ( units) or for some group of fields. In / 4 / it is shown that such averaging in relation to production standards leads to errors of up to 60%. Given the dependence of q _n on W _sm.n , such an error is typical for q _n .

3. With the method under consideration, the fuel consumption at level crossings Q _per T _{per per is} taken into account only in relation to intra-shift from one section to another (from field to field). Moreover, time T _lane crossings is determined approximately according to field space / 1 /, a method which increases accuracy. In addition, in the recommendations on the application of the method / 1, 2, 3 / it is noted that transfers at the beginning and end of the shift to the place of work and vice versa should be standardized and paid separately. Meanwhile, such transfers (hauls) of equipment, especially of high-performance units of machine-technological stations, performing work at the request of individual agricultural enterprises, take considerable time with significant fuel consumption, so their distance should be determined with sufficiently high accuracy that the method in question does not provide.

There is also a method of determining the maximum allowable fuel consumption Q _q during operation of the tractor unit / 5 /, which provides for continuous measurement of the actual energy consumption of the engine W _e (kW * h), followed by multiplying the obtained value by the standard specific fuel consumption of the engine q _e (kg / kW * h), i.e. Q _q = W _e q _e (kg). The implementation of this method involves the need to install on each unit sufficiently sophisticated instruments to determine energy consumption and compare them with tractor operating modes. The latter is due to the fact that the specific fuel consumption substantially depends on the load on the engine and the transmission of the tractor. For example, calculations using the typical traction characteristics of the MTZ-80 tractor for deposits show that at a load of 5 kN the specific fuel consumption q _e depending on the transmission varies within 0.47 ... 0.69 kg / kW * h, and at rated load - 0.38 ... 0.49 kg / kW * h.

In addition, the maximum allowable fuel consumption, determined by this method, cannot be used as a norm, which should be established by average indicators.

Closest to the claimed (prototype) is a method of rationing the development of a machine-tractor unit / 6 /. The method does not provide rationing of fuel consumption, however, solutions are proposed here that make it possible to use the capabilities of satellite monitoring systems for an objective assessment of such MTA indicators as the average working speed V _p and the main time (stroke) T _p , which are also necessary for normalizing fuel consumption.

The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of rationing fuel consumption by a machine-tractor unit.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows:

- in contrast to the known methods, the fuel consumption rate is not set before the start of the operation of the machine and tractor unit, but upon its completion using satellite monitoring data, which allows to quickly determine the actual MTA indicators for the required period of time and calculate the rate on their basis using an applied computer program;

- the pre-established standards for hourly fuel consumption in the operating mode of the unit, turns, crossings and stops with the engine running, as well as the types of mathematical relationships characterizing the influence of various factors, for example, the speed of movement on these standards, are entered into the database of the specified program; the specified standards and dependencies are established based on the results of processing satellite monitoring data on the operation of a control unit equipped with a fuel flow meter;

- conduct photo-timing observations of the operation of a control or other unit of a given composition, as a result of which the maximum time of one turn of the unit is determined and entered into the program database;

- the fuel consumption rate for any required period of time is determined as the sum of the products of the unit’s operating time in the running mode, turns, crossings and stops with the engine running by the relevant hourly fuel consumption standards, and the unit’s operating time in the indicated modes, as well as the average speed the working stroke and crossings are determined using satellite monitoring software using signals from the onboard electrical equipment of the unit and / or installed on the at the sensor, which fixes the moments of the transfer of the working machine from the transport position to the working one and vice versa, while any period of the unit’s movement in the transport (non-working) position that exceeds the previously established maximum time of one turn is referred to the time of travel, in other cases, the time of turns and the hourly fuel consumption standards are specified for the obtained values of the average speed on the move and moving and other factors using the previously generated database.

The method is implemented as follows.

1. Form an electronic database of machine-tractor units, into which for each MTA composition the values of the following parameters are entered.

2. Carry out photo-timing observations of the operation of the unit of this composition, as a result of which the maximum time of one turn of the unit is determined and entered into the database.

3. The machine-tractor units are equipped with on-board satellite monitoring terminals with additional sensors, which make it possible to record the moments of the transfer of the agricultural machine from the transport position to the working one and vice versa. If the on-board electrical equipment of the tractor or other energy means allows you to determine the indicated moments and transmit the corresponding information to the satellite monitoring system, an additional sensor is not installed.

4. On one or more control units of this composition, fuel flow meters connected to the satellite monitoring terminal are temporarily installed to determine hourly fuel consumption standards and their dependence on various factors, for example, speed.

5. For some period, the operation of the control MTAs is monitored through a satellite monitoring system, and this period is divided into n segments that differ in operating conditions (for example, various fields or different agricultural requirements for work). As a result of processing monitoring data:

- determine the travel time in the working position of the agricultural machine, i.e. travel time T _{p i} (h) in each i-th time interval (i = 1 ... n), as well as the corresponding values of the traveled path L _pi (km), working speed V _pi = L _pi / Т _pi (km / h) and spent fuel G _pi (l);

- determine the travel time at the corners T _{p i} , crossings T _{l i} , the time of stops with a running engine T _{o i} and the corresponding values of the fuel consumption G _{p i} , G _{l i} and G _oi (l), the distance of travel L _{l i} , and speed at crossings V _{per i} = L _{per i} / T _{per i} ; in this case, any length of time the unit moves in the transport (non-working) position, exceeding the previously established maximum time of one turn, is attributed to the time of travel, in other cases to the time of turns;

- establish and enter into the database for an aggregate of this composition standards for hourly fuel consumption (l / h) in various modes:

- on the move $$Q_R={\displaystyle \sum G_{R\text{i}}\text{/}{\displaystyle \sum {\text{T}}_{\text{p i}};(5)}}$$

- on bends $$Q_{P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}}={\displaystyle \sum G_{P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}\text{i}}\text{/}{\displaystyle \sum T_{P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}\text{i}}\text{; (6)}}}$$

- at level crossings $$Q_{PeR}={\displaystyle \sum G_{PeR\text{i}}\text{/}{\displaystyle \sum {\text{T}}_{\text{lane i}};(7)}}$$

- at stops $$Q_{\mathrm{about}}={\displaystyle \sum G_{\mathrm{about}\text{i}}\text{/}{\displaystyle \sum {\text{T}}_{\text{about i}};(8)}}$$

- if the analysis of the monitoring unit operation monitoring data shows a significant effect of the speed on the hourly fuel consumption on the move and on the move, then taking into account the values of V _pi , G _pi , V _{per i} , G _{per i} , the types of dependencies are determined and entered into the database

$$Q_R=f(V_R),(9)$$

$$Q_{PeR}=\varphi (V_{PeR}).(10)$$

For example, if the dependence has the form Q _p = AV _p + B, the values A and B are entered into the database. The dependence of the hourly fuel consumption on other factors can be taken into account in the same way (for example, on the agrotechnological parameters of work, the terrain).

6. The satellite monitoring software is being finalized in such a way that in the program itself or after exporting data to another application (for example, 1C or Excel) it is possible for an arbitrary period of operation of the unit to automatically determine the signals of the above sensor and / or on-board electrical equipment :

- the actual values of the operating time of the unit in different modes: T _p , T _pov , T _lane and T _about ;

- the total working path L _p , travel distance L _lane and the corresponding values of the average speed V _p and V _lane.

7. In the dialog box of the satellite monitoring program, select the unit for which it is necessary to set the fuel consumption rate, as well as the dates and times of the beginning and end of the required period, for example, from 0 hours 00 minutes on August 1 to 23 hours 59 minutes on August 31. If types of dependencies are added to the database to clarify fuel consumption standards for any factors other than speed, then the values of these factors are indicated as initial data for the calculation.

8. Using a satellite monitoring program and a database for the specified period and unit in an automated mode determine:

- the values of time T _p , T _pov , T _lane , T _about and speed V _p and V _lane ;

- standards for hourly fuel consumption Q _POV and Q _o (from the database);

- standards for hourly fuel consumption Q _p and Q _per (from the database or according to the dependences on speed (9) and (10) and / or similar dependencies on other factors, if these dependencies are entered into the database);

- fuel consumption rate (l) as expressed

$$Q_n=Q_R{T}_R+Q_{P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}}{T}_{P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}}+Q_{PeR}{T}_{PeR}+Q_{\mathrm{about}}{T}_{\mathrm{about}}(\mathrm{eleven})$$

Notes

1) When using the proposed method, fuel flow meters are used only on control units, and temporarily to establish standards for hourly fuel consumption in different operating modes. One and the same flow meter can be installed in turn on control units of different composition and purpose.

2) For units with high maneuverability, the turning time may be small. In these cases, the standard fuel consumption Q _pov and the time T _pov may not be determined separately, but taken into account as indicators of the stroke. Then the expression (11) will take the form:

$$Q_n=Q_{R+P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}}{T}_{R+P\mathrm{about}\mathrm{at}}+Q_{PeR}{T}_{PeR}+Q_{\mathrm{about}}{T}_{\mathrm{about}},(12)$$

where Q _{p + pov} - standard hourly fuel consumption on the move, including turns;

T _{p + pov} - the total time of the stroke and turns.

The annex provides an example of the implementation of the proposed method and its comparison with the known (traditional) method.

Claims (1)

A method of rationing fuel consumption by a machine-tractor unit, which consists in pre-setting the standards for hourly fuel consumption in the operating mode of the unit, turning, moving and stopping with the engine running, followed by calculating the total fuel consumption as the sum of the products of the operating time of the unit in each of these modes with the corresponding standards for hourly fuel consumption and providing for the determination of the average operating speed and operating time of the unit at the working stroke mode m of satellite monitoring software using the signals of a sensor installed on the unit, recording the moments of the transfer of the working machine from the transport position to the working one and vice versa, characterized in that the standards of hourly fuel consumption in these modes, as well as the types of mathematical dependencies characterizing the influence of various factors, for example the speed of movement to these standards is determined by the results of processing satellite monitoring data of the operation of a control unit equipped with the fuel gauge, by means of photo-timing observations, determine the maximum time of one turn and enter the obtained values into the software database for the unit of this composition, and the calculated value of the total fuel consumption for the required period of time is set as the norm, and the duration of the unit at turns, crossings and stops with the engine running during the specified period, as well as the average speed at the crossings is determined using satellite software monitoring using the signals of the aforementioned sensor and / or on-board electrical equipment of the unit, while any period of the unit’s movement in the transport (non-working) position exceeding the maximum time of one turn is referred to the time of travel, in other cases, the time of turns, and the hourly standards fuel consumption is specified for the obtained values of the average speed on the move and moving and other factors using the previously generated database.

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