RU2509591C1 - Centrifugal evaporator for concentration of liquid solutions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to centrifugal evaporator intended for concentration of liquid solutions and can be used in textile industry finishing processes. Proposed device comprises housing, shaft with heat exchanger heater fitted thereat, bottom, systems for circulation of heating agent, material solution and secondary steam with branch pipes and system of axial solution feed. Said heater is shaped to cone and has surface composed by a set of plates, each being shaped to taper sector of variable inclination relative to vertical rotational axis of conical surface generatrix. Said plates are overlapped in direction of cone rotation and relative to vector of concentrated solution flow peripheral speed.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of evaporation.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the finishing production of the textile industry and can be used in the processes of concentration of spent liquid material solutions.

A device is known [a.s. 1588427 USSR, MKI B01D 1/22. Centrifugal evaporator / Tvorogov A.A. and etc.; Applicant and patent holder Ivanovo Scientific-Research cotton institute. prom - No. 4389746 / 28-26; declared 03/10/1988; publ. 08/30/1990, Bull. Number 32. - 3 pp., Ill.] For the intensification of the process of concentration of solutions in the textile, food and chemical industries, containing a heat exchanger, an evaporation tank, material solution loading and unloading systems, as well as a heat agent supply line and exhaust gas and steam media. Known centrifugal evaporator [and.with. 1274699 USSR, MKI B01D 1/22. Centrifugal evaporator / Uspensky V.A. and etc.; Applicant All-Union. scientific research Institute of Chemical Reagents and Highly Pure Chemical Substances - No. 3853143 / 23-26; declared 02/08/85; publ. 12/07/86. bull. No. 45. - 3 p.: Ill.] Contributing to the intensification of the process and reduction of energy costs for evaporation. The apparatus comprises a vertical housing with a perforated bottom; horizontal retaining heating disc with scrapers and a drive in the form of a steam turbine.

The disadvantages of these devices are large energy and metal consumption, dimensions, the need to use auxiliary equipment in the form of scrapers that reduce the efficiency and CPV of the process, the presence of a complex system for cleaning the heating surface of the disk with scrapers.

As a prototype of the selected device [US Pat. 2185868 Russian Federation, IPC B01D 1/22. Centrifugal type evaporator device / Vavilov G.V .; Applicant and patent holder G. Vavilov - No. 2001109580/12; declared 04/09/2001; publ. July 27, 2002, Bull. No. 21. - 5 p.:] Ill., Which is a housing, a shaft with a heating element of a heat exchanger installed on it, a bottom, a circulation system of the heat agent of the material solution and secondary steam, with nozzles; the heating element is made in the form having a parabolic profile, spiral-shaped blades are placed on its outside, and has an axial loading system with the solution, and the nozzles for supplying and removing the heat agent are located diametrically opposite on the heat exchanger body.

The disadvantages of this device are low efficiency due to the tight relationship between the density (concentration) of the evaporated solution and the geometric, thermotechnical and kinematic parameters of the device, which does not allow to optimize the flow of supplied heat energy for a given device performance. Difficulty in maintenance (cleaning of the working surface) during the overhaul period, which reduces the CPV (coefficient of useful time).

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of evaporation of the material solution by increasing productivity by weight of the evaporated solution.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a centrifugal type evaporation device for concentrating liquid solutions, comprising a housing, a shaft with a heating element mounted on it, a bottom, a heat agent and secondary steam circulation system with nozzles and with an axial loading solution system, according to the invention, heating the element is made in the form of a conical profile, the surface of which is made in the form of a set of plates, each of which represents the shape of a sector mounted with the possibility of changing angle of inclination (taper) relative to the vertical axis of rotation of the generatrix of the conical surface, with the plates overlapping relative to each other in the direction of rotation of the cone and relative to the flow of the concentrated solution.

The claimed design implements a continuous cycle of concentration of the solution, in which its multiple circulation, the variable taper angle of the surface of the heating element provide a high coefficient of useful time and productivity of the device operating in a continuous mode of operation, and due to the presence of a velocity vector in a moving dispersed system in both radial and and in the tangential directions, and due to the difficult-portable motion of the vortex film flow distributed over a solid surface in proportion to the radius of rotation.

An increase in the efficiency (productivity) of the material solution regeneration process is achieved by increasing its concentration during water evaporation by loading the heating element 6 with the evaporated solution from its axis to the periphery under optimal film formation conditions of a given (optimal) thickness of the evaporated solution over the surface of the heating element having an adjustable geometry (taper angle) in accordance with the physicochemical characteristics of the evaporated (concentrated) solution, the heat consumption, according to reduced to the heating surface 6, thereby achieving the possibility of flexible regulation of the technological process, with the possibility of optimizing the energy parameters of the device.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the inventive device in section; figure 2 - the location of the sectors of the evaporating (heating) conical surface in horizontal projection; figure 3 shows a heating element in a perspective view with a relative mutual arrangement of sectors.

The device comprises a housing 1 (Fig. 1) with a false bottom 2, which is the core of a heat exchanger 3, equipped with nozzles located in the diametrically opposite direction: 4 - for supplying the initial one and 5 - for removing the spent heat agent, for which products are used, for example natural gas combustion, or superheated water vapor, providing heat energy transfer to the surface of the heating element 6, having a conical transverse profile, the surface of which is made in the form of plates 7 (Fig.2, 3), each of which is the shape of a sector mounted on a hinged support 8 with the possibility of changing the angle φ of inclination (taper) relative to the vertical axis of rotation of the generatrix of the conical surface, while the sectors are overlapped relative to each other in the direction of rotation of the cone (each subsequent plate is located under the previous one in the direction rotation) and relative to the direction of the vector of the peripheral flow rate of the concentrated solution.

The angle φ is changed as a result of the interaction of two diametrically oppositely located sectors, each of which is rigidly connected to the rocker arms 9 (Fig. 1), forming a flat rocker-slider mechanism, the connecting rod 10 of which is kinematically connected with the slider 11, with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to guide 12, made in the form of a pipe that performs the function of power and provides the supply of a concentrated solution to the conical surface of the heating element 6. Swivel mate The pit 9 and the connecting rod 10 are made in the form of a rotational kinematic pair 13, having a mass of a given value and providing a centrifugal force F, which is a function of the rotational speed ω of the drive shaft 14 and creates the conditions for the slide 11 to move relative to the guide 12, as a result of which the sectors 7 are rotated relative to the hinges 8 and the change in the taper angle φ of the heating element 6.

In the lower part of the heating element 6, an axial feed system is located, consisting of a hollow shaft 14, which ensures its axial loading due to the supply of the initial solution through the pipe 15 and the feed system 16, and which provides a concentrated solution with a reduced concentration from the processing equipment.

The lower part of the housing 1 is a mountainous storage tank 17, into which the concentrated solution is unloaded from the periphery of the heating element 6 with the possibility of returning the concentrated (regenerated) solution to the power supply system of the technological equipment (consumer) through the pipe 18.

The unloading of the heating element 6 is carried out from its periphery into a toroidal storage tank 17 with the subsequent distribution of the regenerated solution through the pipe 18 to the consumer.

The upper part of the housing is separated from the lower perforated diaphragm 19 in order to intensify the process of phase transition of the solution and remove water vapor from the device through the pipe 20.

The tightness of the volumes of the device with different phase states of the media is provided by seals: 21 - between the core of the heat exchanger 3 and the conical surface 6; 22 - between the supply pipe 12 and the conical surface 6; 23 - between the supply pipe 12 and the false bottom 2.

The tightness of the heating element 6 is ensured by the correspondence of the given direction of its rotation and the corresponding direction of conjugation (overlapping) of the sectors 7 forming a conical surface 6 with seals 24 in each pair (Fig. 3).

The device operates as follows.

The initial material solution (Fig. 1) (for example, an aqueous solution of caustic soda) with a reduced level of concentration, for example, after using fabric in the mercerization process in a flow line of the LMC-180 type, enters the feed system 16 under excessive hydrostatic pressure, from where the action of hydrostatic and gravitational forces arising from the rotation of the heating conical surface 6, driven by a rotary drive, spreads over the conical heating surface formed by a set of plates 7 (figure 2, 3), each of which is a shape of sectors mounted on a hinged support 8 with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination (taper) φ relative to the vertical axis of rotation of the conical surface. The plates 7 are overlapped relative to each other in the direction of rotation of the cone and relative to the direction of the vector of the peripheral flow velocity of the concentrated solution.

The temperature volume expansion of the solution, the excess hydrostatic pressure inside it, the conical shape of the heating element 6 and the acting centrifugal forces F create conditions for the concentrated solution to spread over the surface of the heating element 6 in the form of a film whose thickness is determined on one side by the rate of evaporation of water from the solution, for example , alkali, and on the other hand, from the angular velocity ω of rotation of the heating element 6, the current radius of the position of the particles of the solution on its surface, and the magnitude of the hydrostatic pressure in the power system of the device by the evaporated solution, preventing the formation of a precipitate - the solid phase of the solution.

The heating surface 6 is heated by the starting heat agent entering the heat exchanger 3 through the pipe through the pipe 4, in which its flows are turbulized due to the action of the heat agent on the links 9, 10 of the rocker-slide mechanism located in the internal volume of the heat exchanger 3, and rotating from rotary drive.

An increase in the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger 3 also contributes to the diametrically opposite relative to the inlet pipe 4 location of the outlet pipe 5, increasing the particle path in the heat agent stream.

The main technological parameters of the concentration (evaporation) of the spent solution are controlled both by changing the rotation frequency ω of the rotation drive and the taper angle φ of each of the sectors 7 of the heating element 6, interconnected with it, due to the functional dependence between the dynamic parameters φ = f (ω, F ), determined by the geometry of the plane rocker-slider mechanism, the connecting rod 10 of which interacts with two diametrically opposite plates-sectors 7, each of otorrhea rigidly connected to the yoke 9 and the slide 11, having the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the guide 12, is functionally combined with the feed pipe 14, provides supplying the concentrated solution onto the conical surface of the heating element 6.

Thus, as the evaporated solution moves along the surface of the heating element 6 from the axis to its periphery, its density (concentration) increases and, during continuous technological control of the density of the concentrated solution, its optimal value is achieved by changing the angle φ to a larger or smaller side the taper of the heating element 6, which contributes to the creation of the value of the centrifugal force F (figure 1), which determines the course of the concentration process (evaporation) solution without the formation of a solid phase on the surface of the heating element 6, subject to the conditions of the optimal ratio (balance) of energy costs that go to the implementation of the process, device performance and quality parameters of the concentrated solution.

The unloading of the heating element 6 is carried out from its periphery into a toroidal storage tank 17 with the subsequent distribution of the regenerated solution through the pipe 18 to the consumer.

The moisture evaporated from the material solution is carried out through the upper part of the housing, separated from the lower part by the perforated diaphragm 19. This ensures the removal of water vapor from the upper part of the housing 1 of the device through the nozzle 20. Also, the possibility of remission of the evaporated moisture into the regenerated solution as on the surface of the heating element is reduced. 6, and in the storage tank 17.

The vibration damper 25, consisting of elastic and damping elements, provides for the dissipation of vibrational energy, which can arise due to the dynamic imbalance of the rotor system.

Thus, the systems providing the process of regeneration of a material solution, for example, sodium hydroxide solution, form closed circulation circuits, eliminating the negative impact of technological environments on the environment and on working conditions when operating equipment in production.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal evaporation device for concentrating liquid solutions, comprising a housing, a shaft with a heating element of a heat exchanger installed on it, a bottom, a circulation system of the heat agent of the material solution and secondary steam with nozzles and with an axial loading solution, characterized in that the heating element is made a shape having a conical profile, the surface of which is made in the form of a set of plates, each of which represents the shape of a sector mounted with the possibility of changing the angle and the inclination - taper - relative to the vertical axis of rotation of the generatrix of the conical surface, while the plates are overlapped relative to each other in the direction of rotation of the cone and relative to the direction of the vector of the peripheral flow rate of the concentrated solution.

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