RU2506525C2 - Equipment of rescuer acting under conditions of emergency situations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment of rescuers in emergency situations, in particular for equipment of rescuers during rescue and salvage operations. The equipment of rescuer comprises light protective suit of rescuer, which consists of trousers with protective stockings, a shirt with a hood, mittens and balaclava, protective vest against electromagnetic radiation. The equipment of a rescuer additionally comprises a unit of mobile fire extinguishing. The unit comprises a portable means of fire extinguishing in the form of a stored-pressure extinguisher, the liquid supply system with foam generator, and the gas (air) supply system. The fire extinguisher with lock and release manual device is filled with non-flammable liquid. The gas supply system comprises a microswitch which is mounted on the lock and release device of the fire extinguisher. When starting the fire extinguisher a compact compressor is switched simultaneously, that operates from a portable battery unit. The foam generator comprises a cylindrical body which is made with an opening for supplying foamer solution from the fire extinguisher, and rigidly connected to it by a coaxial cylindrical sleeve. Inside the housing there are three cavities: a confusor, a cylindrical cavity and a diffuser. The diffuser is connected to the sleeve, in which on its edges the tangential channels are made for ejecting air. The sleeve is closed from the end opposite the diffuser through the swivel nut by circular plate with perforation in the form of holes.

EFFECT: improvement of efficiency of protection of the rescuer.

Description

The invention relates to the equipment of rescuers in the field of emergency, in particular for equipping rescuers during emergency rescue operations in natural and man-made emergencies that cause destruction of objects, as well as in conditions of spills of flammable liquids, accompanied by explosions and fires.

The closest technical solution to the claimed facility is a lifeguard equipment containing a light protective suit L-1 of the company LLC “Raboservice +”, published on the website http://www.raboservice.ru/about, designed to protect against radioactive dust, chemical and bacteriological human exposure. L-1 suits are selected by height: the first size is for people up to 165 cm tall, the second is from 166 to 172 cm, the third is 173 cm and above. TU 005296-84. Protective raincoat OP-1M according to TU 005296-84. Protective stockings according to TU 005296-84. The dimensions of the suit L-1 are indicated on the front side of the shirts and at the bottom. Weight about 3 kg - [prototype].

A disadvantage of the well-known equipment and clothing of rescuers is the relatively low degree of protection against explosions and fires.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the effectiveness of the protection of a lifeguard operating in emergency situations, accompanied by explosions and fires.

This is achieved by the fact that in the equipment of a lifeguard operating in emergency situations, which contains a lightweight protective suit of a lifeguard with a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation, consisting of trousers with protective stockings, shirts with a hood, two-fingered gloves and a hood, and the trousers are sewn together with stockings, ending with rubber osoyuzka with bots, to which ribbons are sewn for fastening to the legs, a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation is additionally provided, consisting of a fabric lining connected to the guard a solid shell, and elastic frame racks are fixed in the fabric lining by means of clips on the waist belt, and the protective shell is attached to the elastic frame racks, while the protective shell is made of three layers, and the first layer facing the operator’s environment is treated with a polyfunctional composition for degassing, disinfection, disinsection, decontamination and shielding of surfaces, volumes and objects from hazardous agents and substances with foam, where the liquid phase of the foam is a solution of didecyld clathrate methylammonium halide with urea as the active compound in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, and as a clathrate didecyldimethylammonium halide with urea clathrate using didecyldimethylammonium chloride with urea and / or clathrate didecyldimethylammonium bromide with urea. A composition may be used where a didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrate with urea is used as a didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with urea, and further comprises a mobile fire extinguishing installation that includes a portable fire extinguishing device that is an injection type fire extinguisher filled with a non-combustible liquid with a shut-off and starting device fluid supply with a foam generator, further comprises a gas (air) supply system, which includes a mic a switch installed on the locking and starting device in such a way that when starting the fire extinguisher, a compact compressor running on a portable battery pack is simultaneously turned on, and the foam generator contains a cylindrical body, which is made with an opening for supplying a blowing agent solution from the fire extinguisher and a coaxial cylindrical sleeve rigidly connected to it and inside the casing there are three internal cavities, connected in series and coaxial to the casing of the cavity: confuser, cylindrical cavity, projecting air through at least three tangential channels made therein, and a diffuser connected to the sleeve, in which, along its edges, two rows of tangential channels ejecting air are also made, while the sleeve is closed from the end opposite the diffuser by means of a union nut round plate with perforation in the form of holes.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the proposed equipment of the rescuer, operating in emergency situations, in particular - a diagram of a protective suit of a rescuer, Fig.2 is a variant of a protective suit of a rescuer with a gas mask, Fig.3 is a structural diagram of a protective suit of a rescuer, in Fig .4 shows the construction of a protective vest against electromagnetic interference, in Fig.5 is a diagram of the protective shell of a protective vest, Fig.6 is a structure of a composite material, Fig.7 shows a diagram of a mobile fire extinguishing installation, Fig.8 shows foam generator circuit.

The equipment of a lifeguard operating in emergency situations contains a light protective suit of a lifeguard (Figs. 1 and 3), which consists of trousers 7 with protective stockings, a shirt 1 with a hood 2, two-fingered gloves 11 and a comforter. Pants 7 are sewn together with stockings ending in rubber osoyuzki with bots 8. Ribbons 9 are sewn to them for fastening to the legs. In the upper part of the trousers there are shoulder straps 10 and half rings (not shown in the drawing). Shirt 1 is combined with hood 2, an intermediate strap 5 is sewn to the lower edge at the back, which is passed between the legs and fastens on a button in the lower part of shirt 1 in front. Bag 6 is fixed on the strap. The sleeves end with loops 4, which are worn on the thumb after putting on the gloves 11. On the sleeves of the jacket there are cuffs that fit the wrist. The hood 2 is fixed to the neck with a tape 3 and a plastic peg. The bottom of the jacket (shirt) is pulled together with elastic tape and equipped with an inguinal belt (not shown in the drawing). The trousers are held with two straps 10 and buckles of half rings and are fixed at the bottom with straps.

A variant of the suit is possible (Fig. 2) as an army tool for individual protection from radioactive dust and drip-aerosol toxic substances, equipped with a gas mask. The suit is not insulating. When infected, the suit is subject to special treatment and can be used many times in the future. It is made of rubberized fabric UNKL-3 or fabric T-15 and consists of one-piece trousers with stockings, a jacket with a hood and three-fingered mittens. On the sleeves of the jacket there are cuffs that fit the wrist.

A light protective suit of a lifeguard can be equipped with a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation (Fig. 4), which consists of a fabric lining 12, in which elastic frame racks 13 are fixed by means of latches 15 on the waist belt. The protective shell 14 is mounted on the elastic frame racks 13. The protective shell (figure 5) 14 can be fixed on the frame racks 13 over the entire area of the torso of a human operator, including the shoulder joints and hands (not shown).

The protective shell 14 is made of three layers, and the first layer facing the operator’s environment is made in the form of interconnected rings, the material of which is stainless steel, which is treated with a composite material with enhanced protective properties against electromagnetic radiation. The third layer 16, facing the operator’s body, is made of perforated polymeric material, for example, aramid fiber, and the second layer 17 located between them is made of elastic mesh elements. The density of the mesh structure of the elastic mesh elements is in the optimal range of 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , the material of the wire of the elastic mesh elements is steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of values 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm.

Composite material for protection against electromagnetic radiation (Fig.6) consists of a polymer base with particles 18 and 20, in which particles of 19 compounds are distributed - (Fe, Si) or - Co with a nanocrystalline structure of bulk density (0.6 ÷ 1.4 ) · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ . The polymer base for fixing the position of powder particles with a nanocrystalline structure is made in the form of alternating structural elements with particles 18 and 20 located at an angle of 90 ° to each other, and each of the elements with particles is made in the form of elongated particles arranged in parallel rows, moreover, the particles located to the left and to the right of it are shifted by an amount not exceeding half the maximum particle size. The use of a material with a nanocrystalline structure as a filler provides an increase in magnetic permeability.

It was experimentally established that when the bulk density of nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix is less than 0.6 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ^{3, the} effect of increasing the magnetic permeability is not observed. When the bulk density of the nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix is greater than 1.4 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , the magnetic permeability decreases. Therefore, the following range of bulk density of nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix is optimal: more than 0.6 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , but less than 1.4 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ .

The suit is treated with a polyfunctional foam composition for degassing, disinfection, disinsection, decontamination and screening of surfaces, volumes and objects from hazardous agents and substances with foam, where the liquid phase of the foam is a solution of didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with urea as an active substance in an amount from 0.1 to 5% by weight, and as a didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with urea, a didecyldimethylammonium chloride clathrate with carbamide and / or a didecyldimethylammonium bromate clathrate is used Ida with urea. A composition may be used where a didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrate with urea is used as the didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate.

Installation for mobile fire extinguishing (Fig.7 and 8) contains a portable fire extinguishing means 21, which is an injection type fire extinguisher filled with non-combustible liquid, with a manual locking device 22 and a liquid supply system 23 (for example, in the form of a diffuser), a supply system gas (air), which includes a microswitch 24, mounted on the locking and starting device 22 so that when starting the fire extinguisher at the same time a compact compressor 6, powered by a portable battery pack ok 25, for example, a voltage of 12 V.

A compact compressor 26 through the duct 27 delivers compressed air to the foam generator 30 through an annular nozzle 29. Non-combustible foaming fluid enters through a manual-type locking and starting device 22, and a fluid supply system 23 into the pipeline 28. A foam generator with counter-swirling flows of the VZP type (Fig. 8) contains a cylindrical body 31, which is made with an opening for supplying a blowing agent solution from a fire extinguisher and a coaxial cylindrical sleeve 36 rigidly connected to it. Three internal therefore, interconnected and coaxial to the housing 31 of the cavity: a confuser 32, a cylindrical cavity 33, ejecting air through at least three tangential channels 34 made therein, and a diffuser 35 connected to the sleeve 36, in which, at its edges, are also made two rows of air-ejecting tangential channels 37. The sleeve 36 is closed from the end opposite the diffuser by means of a union nut 38 with a round plate 39 with perforation in the form of holes.

Equipment rescuer, operating in emergency situations, works as follows.

The implementation of the frame racks 13 elastic allows you to dampen the impact (make it elastic), and the protective shell 14 will prevent injury to the skin of the human operator.

Composite material works as follows.

An electromagnetic wave that penetrates deep into the material is more actively absorbed in it due to the higher absorption capacity of the nanocrystalline structure, which has a greater magnetic permeability compared to amorphous. When the electromagnetic wave reaches the opposite surface, its greater absorption occurs, which leads to an increase in the screening coefficient.

The technical and economic efficiency of the invention is expressed in reducing the thickness and weight and size characteristics of the composite material, which will improve the reliability of electronic and electrical equipment, provide effective protection of biological objects by increasing the magnetic permeability of the composite material and, as a result, the shielding coefficient of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range .

When the bulk density of nanocrystals is (Fe, Si) or -Co (0.6 ÷ 1.4) · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ^{3, the} magnetic permeability of the composites in comparison with the amorphous state increases by 2-3 times and ranges from 90 to 135 units

The light protective suit of the lifeguard can be used when performing degassing, decontamination and disinfection works to protect skin, clothing and shoes from the long-term effects of poisonous and toxic substances, toxic dust, to protect against solutions of acids, water, alkalis, sea salt, varnishes, paints, oils , fats and oil products, protection against harmful biological factors, is used in areas contaminated with toxic and chemically hazardous substances, in the chemical and military industries, as well as from electromagnetic effects .

Installation of mobile fire extinguishing works as follows.

Portable fire extinguishing means 21, which is an injection type fire extinguisher, is filled with non-combustible liquid and gas, the shut-off and start-up device is set up so that when the start lever of the fire extinguisher is pressed, the system simultaneously includes: liquid (water) supply system 23, gas (air) supply system which are fed into the foam generator 30 two streams: the first is the supply of fluid from the fire extinguisher through the pipe 28, the second is the supply of compressed air through the annular pipe 29.

Foam generator 30 with counter-swirling flows of the type VZP works as follows. When a foaming solution is supplied under pressure into the cavity of the opening of the housing 31, it passes through the confuser 32, the cylindrical cavity 33, where it is first twisted by the ejection air through the tangential channels 34, and enters the diffuser 35.

In this case, the cylindrical cavity 33 is the first stage of the fluid swirler, and the cylindrical cavity of the sleeve 36 with its tangential channels 37 located at the edges serves as the second stage. The direction of twist of the swirlers of the first and second stages is opposite, therefore, in the cylindrical cavity in front of the circular plate 39 with perforation in the form of holes, the vortex flows of the liquid interact with their crushing and transformation into a finely dispersed stream. With the passage of the swirling flow through the circular plate 39, an additional crushing of liquid droplets occurs in two vortices rotating in opposite directions, with the formation of a finely dispersed phase.

Even under the boundary conditions of the foam generator, i.e. at low pressures of the foaming agent solution at the inlet of the foam generator (8 atm) and low ambient temperatures (-15 ° C), the foam, under the pressure created by the foam generator, is supplied to the specified object, where it forms a film spreading over the surface of the object, resistant to fire, which stops the access of oxygen to the combustion zone, and the fire stops.

The extinguishing effect of the foam is based on the isolation of the surface of the burning liquid from oxygen in the air and heated combustible vapors released from the surface of this liquid. Foam not only dramatically reduces the evaporation process, but also cools the surface of the burning liquid. Air-mechanical foam is formed by mechanical mixing of air and a surfactant (foaming agent PO-1 or PO-6). The air-mechanical foam contains about 90% (by volume) of air and 10% of an aqueous solution of a foaming agent. To extinguish fires, it is more efficient to use high-pressure air-mechanical foam, which contains about 99% (by volume) of air, 0.96% of water and about 0.04% of a foaming agent. The multiplicity of the usual air-mechanical foam is 8-12, and a multiple of 100 and more. Durability of air-mechanical foam: from 20 to 40 minutes

Foam should be used when burning cotton fiber other poorly wettable fibrous materials. Foam is especially effective in extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (LVH), as well as combustible liquids.

Claims (1)

Equipment for an emergency rescuer, containing a lightweight lifeguard protective suit consisting of trousers with protective stockings, hooded shirts, two-fingered gloves and a cap comforter, the trousers being stitched together with stockings ending in rubber boots with bots to which straps are attached to the legs, while in the upper part of the trousers there are shoulder straps and half rings, and the shirt is combined with a hood, while the suit is additionally equipped with a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation, consisting of a fabric the lining connected to the protective shell, and elastic frame racks are fixed in the fabric lining by means of latches on the waist belt, and the protective shell is attached to the elastic frame racks, while the protective shell is made of three layers, and the first layer facing the operator’s environment is treated with foam polyfunctional composition for degassing, disinfection, disinsection, decontamination and screening of surfaces, volumes and objects from hazardous agents and substances with foam, where the liquid phase of the foam is a solution of didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with urea as an active substance in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, and didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with urea is used didecyldimethylammonium chloride clathrate with urea and / or carbide amide cladrate with dimethyl dimethyl dimethyl amide protection against electromagnetic radiation consists of a polymer base in which particles of compounds - (Fe, Si) or - Co with a nanocrystalline structure of bulk density are distributed (0, 6 ÷ 1.4) · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , while the polymer base for fixing the position of the powder particles with a nanocrystalline structure is made in the form of alternating structural elements located at an angle of 90 ° to each other, and each of the elements is made in the form of particles of elongated shape arranged in parallel rows, and the particles located to the left and right of it are shifted by an amount not exceeding half the maximum particle size, while the following range of bulk density of nanocrystals in am is optimal the matrix: more than 0.6 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , but less than 1.4 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , characterized in that the lifeguard equipment further comprises a mobile fire extinguishing installation, which contains a portable fire extinguishing means, which is an injection type fire extinguisher filled with non-combustible liquid, with a manual shut-off device and a fluid supply system with a foam generator, further comprises a gas (air) supply system, which includes a micro switch installed on such a shut-off device ohm, that when starting a fire extinguisher, a compact compressor running on a portable battery pack is simultaneously turned on, and the foam generator contains a cylindrical body, which is made with an opening for supplying a foaming solution from the fire extinguisher, and a coaxial cylindrical sleeve rigidly connected to it, and inside there are three internal sequentially interconnected and coaxial to the body of the cavity: a confuser, a cylindrical cavity, ejecting air through, made in it, at least three tangents lnyh channel, and a diffuser coupled to the sleeve, wherein at its edges, also provided with two series of tangential channels ejecting air, the sleeve is closed by an end opposite the diffuser, by a cap nut circular plate with perforations in the form of holes.

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