RU2505751C1 - Oil heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: oil heater includes a housing, a heat carrier heater, heat carrier circulation pipelines, tubular oil coils in the form of a row of horizontally stretched parallel tube sections with bent tube sections in turning places. Tubular coils of the first section are shell-and-tube and single-flow and heated oil is located between external and internal tubes and heat carrier is located in the housing behind the external tube and inside the internal tube. Oil and heat carrier inlets and outlets are arranged in an opposite way so that oil and heat carrier counter flow is arranged. Ratio of diameters of external and internal tubes is (108-245):(65-150). Tubular coils of the second section are multiflow and of a tube-in-tube type, oil tube is divided into several tubes arranged in the housing, inside which heat carrier is arranged, ratio of diameters of external and internal tubes is (108-425):(32-89). Oil tubes of the third section are divided into several tubes each and are arranged in the housing, inside which heat carrier is arranged, ratio of diameters of external and internal tubes is (108-245):(22-89).

EFFECT: improved structure.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to oil heaters and can be used to heat oil during their transportation and field preparation.

Known tubular heater, which contains a housing with a flame tube housed in it, a heat exchange element in the form of a series of pipes, straight sections of which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing, an intermediate heat carrier, a gas rotation chamber and located on the side opposite to the gas rotation chamber, a burner device, gas outlet in the form a chimney, a convection chamber and a jacket around the flame pipe, in which the intermediate coolant is placed. The heat exchange element is made in the form of a food coil, consisting of two sections connected in series, the pipes of which are oriented around the central longitudinal axis of the housing, one section of the food coil placed in the jacket of the heat pipe, and the second in the convection chamber formed by the space between the jacket and the inner wall of the housing (RF patent No. 2256846, publ. July 20, 2005).

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence is an oil heater, which has a horizontally elongated cylindrical body filled with an intermediate coolant, a burner, a chimney and an expansion tank. A U-shaped combustion chamber is placed in the casing, into which transverse transfer pipes are inserted, and at least one product tubular coil located above it in the form of a series of sections displaced relative to each other. The tubes of the product coil are tightly laid in each of the sections as a two-way spiral in the form of a series of horizontally elongated parallel sections of pipes in the direction of the length of the heater with bent sections of pipes at the points of rotation and transition from level to level. In this case, the distance between adjacent pipes at the point of greatest bending in the turning section is 2.9 ÷ 3.1 times greater than the distance between adjacent pipes of the food coil in a rectilinear horizontally elongated section. In the center of the food coil, a pipe section is formed of two symmetrical parts, mirror-image relative to each other, forming an S-shaped curved cylindrical body (RF Patent No. 2380611, publ. 01.27.2010 - prototype).

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the low heating efficiency of highly viscous oil.

The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of heating high-viscosity oil.

The problem is solved in that in an oil heater including a housing, a coolant heater, coolant circulation pipelines, tubular oil flow coils in the form of a series of horizontally elongated parallel pipe sections with bent pipe sections at the turning points, characterized in that the tubular coils are made casing in the first section -pipe single-flow with the location of the heated oil between the outer and inner pipe and the location of the coolant in the housing behind the outer pipe and inside the inner pipe, inlet The oil and coolant flows and outlets are opposite to the flow of oil and coolant, the ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-245) :( 65-150), in the second section, the tubular coils are multi-threaded pipe in the pipe, the pipe with oil is divided into several pipes placed in the housing inside which the coolant is located, the ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-425) :( 32-89).

In the third section, oil pipes are divided into several pipes each and placed in a housing inside which a coolant is placed, the ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-245) :( 22-89).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To heat high-viscosity oil, various heaters are used, but their efficiency is low, because they consume an increased amount of fuel for heating the coolant and, accordingly, oil. The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of heating high-viscosity oil. The problem is solved by the oil heater shown in figure 1-2

The oil heater (Fig. 1) consists of a heat generator module 1, a heat transfer module 2 and a heat exchanger 3. In a heat generator module 1, a heat carrier preparation unit 4, a burner device 5, a pump unit 6 and a chimney 7 are placed. In the heat transfer module 2, a first heat exchanger section is located 8, the second section of the heat exchanger 9, the third section of the heat exchanger 10.

The first section of the heat exchanger is presented in figure 2.

Figure 2 shows the tubular coils of oil flow 11 in the form of a series of horizontally elongated parallel pipe sections with bent pipe sections at the turning points, the outer 12 and inner 13 pipe of the shell-tube single-flow tubular flow coils with the location of the tubular oil flow coils 11 between the pipes 12 and 13 and the location of the coolant behind the outer pipe 12 and inside the inner pipe 13.

The supply (input) of oil and the coolant outlet on one side and the coolant inlet and oil outlet are located nearby and organize a counterflow of oil and coolant in adjacent pipes. The ratio of the diameters of the outer 12 and inner 13 of the pipe is (108-245) :( 65-150).

One horizontal pipeline is called the flow of oil or coolant. In the first step can be from two to six moves.

In the second section 9, the tubular coils are multi-threaded pipe in the pipe. The oil pipe from the first section is divided into several internal pipes surrounded by one external pipe (body) with a coolant. The ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-425) :( 32-89).

In the third section, the design of the second stage is repeated. The ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-245) :( 22-89).

The oil heater works as follows.

The pre-heated fuel gas in the heat exchanger 3 is burned in the burner 5. The combustion products pass through the heat carrier preparation unit 4 with the pipes with circulating heat carrier placed in it and are discharged into the chimney 7. The heat carrier is heated and sent by pumps 6 in sections 8, 9 and 10 heat exchanger.

The coolant circulates through the coolant circulation pipelines and heats the tubular oil flow coils. Oil is heated and flows from section to section, gradually increasing its temperature.

The single-threaded shell-and-tube arrangement of the coils allows the most efficient heating of oil in the first section, when its viscosity is extremely high and the oil flows through the pipes with great difficulty. The ratio of the diameters of the outer 7 and inner 8 pipes in the first section, equal to (108-245) :( 65-150) allows the viscous oil to be pumped through the pipes with minimal hydraulic losses and to heat the oil as quickly as possible to a state of increased fluidity (reduced viscosity). The counterflow of oil and coolant allows you to heat the oil evenly throughout the section and maximize the temperature before the second section. The maximum heating of oil in the first section is facilitated by the presence of a coolant in the inner pipe. The oil is heated in the first stage from 10 to 30 ° C, as a result of which the oil viscosity is reduced by 40-50%.

In the second section, it becomes possible to perform smaller oil pipelines with a ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes (108-425) :( 32-89). Heated oil with a reduced viscosity can be pumped through such pipes. In addition, in such pipes with such ratios of diameters, the heated oil is heated to a greater extent to an even higher temperature of about 50-60 ° C.

Very important for the speedy heating of oil is the ratio of the diameters of the inner pipes of the first and second stages (65-150) and (32-89).

If necessary, the oil is heated in the third section to 80-90 ° C. The ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes, comprising (108-245) :( 22-89), provides heating to the indicated temperatures.

Water, antifreeze, oil, etc. can be used as a heat carrier.

The following are the characteristics of the claimed oil heater.

Characterizing factors:

1. Power range of heat exchangers:

1st stage: 500-1000 kW;

2nd stage: 500-2000 kW;

3rd stage: 1000-3000 kW.

2. The diameter range of the heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchanger of the 1st stage:

76-159 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 65-150 mm inner diameter of pipes)

3. The diameter range of the casing pipes of the heat exchanger of the 1st stage:

108-245 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 100-230 mm inner diameter of pipes)

4. The diameter range of the additional heat exchange pipe located inside the pipe of the heated product of the heat exchanger of the 1st stage:

22-45 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 15-40 mm inner diameter of pipes)

5. The range of the number of flows of the heated medium in the heat exchanger of the 2nd stage: 3-7 pcs.

6. The range of the number of flows of the heated medium in the heat exchanger of the 3rd stage: 5-12 pcs.

7. The diameter range of the heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchanger of the 2nd stage:

32-89 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 15-80 mm inner diameter of pipes)

8. Diameter range of heat exchanger tubes of the 3rd stage heat exchanger:

22-89 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 25-80 mm inner diameter of pipes)

9. The diameter range of the casing tubes of the heat exchanger of the 2nd stage:

108-425 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 100-230 mm inner diameter of pipes)

10. The diameter range of the casing tubes of the heat exchanger of the 3rd stage:

108-245 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 100-400 mm inner diameter of pipes)

11. The diameter range of the inlet and outlet pipes of the heated medium of the heat exchangers:

57-219 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 50-200 mm inner diameter of pipes)

12. The range of diameters of the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat carrier heat exchangers:

57-219 mm (outer diameter of pipes is indicated or 50-200 mm inner diameter of pipes)

13. The range of the total area of the flow cross-sections of the heat transfer pipes through which the heated product passes:

35-230 cm ² .

14. The range of the area of the flow cross sections of pipes through which the coolant passes:

30-600 cm ² .

15. The range of the nominal outer surface of the heat exchange of the heat exchanger of the 1st stage: 3.5-20 m ² .

16. The range of the nominal outer surface of the heat transfer of the heat exchanger of the 2nd stage: 5-55 m ² .

17. The range of the nominal outer surface of the heat exchanger of the 3rd stage heat exchanger: 3.5-45 m ² .

18. The range of flow rate of the heated product: 20-230 t / h.

19. The range of flow rate of the coolant: 20-110 t / h.

20. The speed range of the coolant circulation is 1-3 m / s.

21. The range of specific heat capacity of the coolant: 3.35-4.25 kJ / (kg · K).

22. The range of thermal conductivity of the coolant: 0.38-0.69 W / (m · K).

23. The range of dynamic viscosity of the coolant: 0,00023-0,002 PA · s.

24. The range of specific heat of the heated medium (oil, oil emulsion): 1.7-2.3 kJ / (kg · K).

25. The range of thermal conductivity of the heated medium (oil, oil emulsion): 0.12-0.19 W / (m · K).

26. The range of kinematic viscosity of the heated medium (oil, oil emulsion): 100-10 mm ² / s (cSt).

27. The density range of the heated medium (oil, oil emulsion): 850-970 kg / m ³ .

28. Type of heat transfer pipes:

- smooth;

- ribbed with longitudinal ribs;

- studded;

- ribbed with spiral winding;

- with flow turbulators in the form of annular grooves, knurled on a smooth pipe (on the inner surface of the pipe smoothly defined protrusions will be obtained).

The application of the proposed oil heater will allow us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of heating highly viscous oil.

Claims (2)

1. An oil heater comprising a housing, a coolant heater, coolant circulation pipelines, tubular oil flow coils in the form of a series of horizontally elongated parallel pipe sections with bent pipe sections at turning points, characterized in that in the first section the tubular coils are single-threaded shell-pipe the location of the heated oil between the outer and inner pipe and the location of the coolant in the housing behind the outer pipe and inside the inner pipe, the inlets and outlets of oil and heat the settlers are organized in the opposite way with the implementation of a counterflow of oil and coolant, the ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-245) :( 65-150), in the second section, the tubular coils are multi-threaded pipe in the pipe, the pipe with oil is divided into several pipes placed in the case inside which the coolant is placed, the ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-425) :( 32-89). 2. The oil heater according to claim 1, characterized in that in the third section the oil pipes are divided into several pipes each and placed in a housing inside which the coolant is placed, the ratio of the diameters of the outer and inner pipes is (108-245) :( 22- 89).

Images