RU2504686C1 - Polywind rotary power system of continental application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for power conversion of medium-velocity winds to electric power. Power system consists of a load-carrying mast, at the top of which there is a turning assembly with radially and opposite directed cross beams of equal length, on which at least two identical supporting grids are installed. In grid meshes of the same size there arranged are wind rotors with equal mass-dimensional parameters; their orthogonal turbines are combined into units on vertical shafts transmitting rotation through one- or two-stage multiplexers. Grids converge in vertical planes symmetrically to the mast a sharp angle, and their centres of gravity, which are assembled with wind rotors, are balanced relative to rotation axis of the turning assembly. Besides, in one of the horizontal tiers of supporting grids from their vertical symmetry axis and to leeward side there installed are flat orienting elements projecting beyond the basic structure outline.

EFFECT: generating electric power of high industrial duty at improvement of self-orientation of the device to wind and operating conditions of the turning assembly.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The device is designed to convert the energy of medium-speed winds in difficult atmospheric and aerodynamic conditions of the continental climate with the generation of electricity of large industrial capacities.

The proposed energy complex relates to wind generators with vertical-axis rotation of orthogonal turbines.

The accelerated pace of development of wind energy has revealed the need for high-quality modernization of generating devices when they are used in the continental territories. The horizontal-axis installations here, beyond the borders of sea coasts and shelves, are ineffective, and sometimes simply inoperative, as evidenced by the experience of building the Bashkir wind farm Tyupkilda in the Russian Federation, Kaliningrad wind farm Kulikovo, Kalmyk wind farm Ergeninsky Upland, similar objects of mainland deployment abroad. As for wind rotors, more acceptable in conditions of medium-speed, gusty, often and dramatically changing the direction of the winds, low air temperatures, it is relevant for them to search for technical solutions that increase the power of wind generators by at least an order of magnitude.

The prior art wind power plants (wind turbines), which include several turbine-generating units, usually of the horizontal-axial class, combined into a single mechanism by common trusses or frames (patents SU No. 8970, 2018028). In other devices, wind generators are located in the cells of the network stretched over vertical frames (patent application No. 2007104713, patent RU No. 2397361). Their common disadvantages are the generally horizontal-axis wind turbines, poor orientation to the wind, low total power of the devices, because energy nodes are limited in number and size due to insufficient strength and rigidity of the structures that are supporting for them, which as a result does not give a significant gain in power.

There is a wind turbine (patent SU No. 1793095), in which power units are equipped with vertically axial turbines. This device can be attributed to wind farms, wind farms, exposed on the ground and directly resting generators on the ground. Thus, this wind farm operates in significantly worse aerodynamic conditions, namely, at an average annual speed of atmospheric fronts of 3-5 m / s according to the map of winds prevailing in Russia on other continental territories at the earth's surface than wind rotors raised to a height of 40 -60 meters, where there is an increase in wind up to 6-12 m / s. Low technical and economic indicators cannot be improved by simply multiplying the number of low-powered windrotors, since this will increase the area occupied by the station unreasonably, land payments and taxes, which are part of the cost of electricity generated from wind, will increase.

In the multivindrotor power unit (patent RU No. 2482328), the generating units are raised to the maximum height, which is technically possible and economically viable. However, all the rotor components making up the device are shifted in one direction relative to the mast, thereby creating a bending moment that adversely affects the bearings of the rotary mechanism, increasing their uneven wear and the likelihood of jamming. The total weight of the turbine-generator part must be limited to a smaller number of windrotors, which does not allow the unit to develop the resulting power of more than 160-200 kW. Similar strength problems occur in a wind turbine (RU patent No. 2009370) and a self-orientating linear device for generating wind energy (US patent No. 7883318), which ultimately affects the energy efficiency of the devices.

A wind turbine was chosen as a prototype (patent SU No. 1645597), in which generating units were installed on a vertical support with a swivel head and T-shaped traverses mounted on it as part of horizontal-axis wind turbines and wind wheels, and there was a leeward orientation plane. The multidirectional rotation of the wind wheels set in a plane coaxial to the atmospheric front, the presence of a flat tail, acting in a turbulent loop of exhaust air, does not guarantee a reliable and stable orientation of the installation. In an inhomogeneous airflow, wind turbines on a bracket suspended on a rotary head, like a beam, will swing and lose their optimal spatial position. The linear order of fastening of heavy generating units on cantilever traverses allows you to place them in a small number and generate only small energy capacities as a whole. This device does not have advantages over single-turbine wind turbines, exacerbates the instability of horizontal-axis systems in an unstable continental climate.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that at least two vertical support grids are installed at the apex and symmetrically bearing mast of the energy complex at an acute angle to the wind, into whose cells vertical-axis turbines with orthogonal blades (wind rotors) are inserted, the maximum sweeping area achieved in practice and power. The turbines are combined into blocks on vertical shafts, the rotation of which is transmitted to the rotors of the generators through 1-2 step multipliers. The support lattices assembled with wind rotors are statically balanced relative to the rotary assembly of the device. The self-orientation of the energy complex to the wind can be strengthened by planar elements protruding in the leeward side beyond the contour of the support grids.

The purpose of this device is to obtain large industrial capacities of electricity based on wind rotor generation, preferred in mainland conditions, to improve the device’s self-orientation to the wind, and to reduce the wear and failure rate of bearings of the rotary assembly.

The goal is achieved by the following technical solutions. At least two vertical gratings are used as supporting structures, in whose cells orthogonal windrotor turbines are inserted, the total number of which in one energy complex due to the greater strength and stiffness of the support can be increased many times and the total generated power can be increased in the same way. The rotation of the orthogonal turbines is transmitted to the rotors of the generators by means of a 1-2-stage animation with small (i = 3-5) gear ratios, which takes the minimum amount of energy received by the turbines from the wind. An increase in the rotational speed of rotors with insignificant energy losses, in turn, linearly increases the total power of the energy complex. Continental use of the device is ensured by its high self-orientation to the wind, which is guaranteed by the mutual spatial position of the support grids, which symmetrically rotate the node at an acute angle converge in the windward direction. The responsiveness of the device to fluctuations in the ambient air can be enhanced by flat orienting elements inserted into specific cells of one of the horizontal tiers of the support grid. Due to the equal number of identical support grids and the same type of windrotors built into them on opposite traverses, a balance of static forces acting on the rotary assembly is ensured.

Figure 1 shows a top view of a multivindor power complex of a mainland destination; figure 2 is a view of "A" in figure 1.

The energy complex contains a carrier mast 1 with a rotary unit 2, from which radial traverses 3 of equal length extend, ending in identical support grids 4 with identical orthogonal turbines 5 integrated in their cells. The turbines are combined into blocks on vertical shafts 6, the rotation of which is transmitted through multipliers 7 on the rotors of the generators 8. Orientation of the device to the wind contribute to the corrective plane 9.

The device operates as follows. Under the pressure of the wind, the support grids in the section of maximum angular convergence unfold towards the wind, at the same time, the rotation of the orthogonal turbines 5 on the shafts 6 begins. The rotation is switched through transit nodes - multipliers 7, to the rotors of the generators 8, which together generate electric energy of industrial power.

Great power is achieved by the use of gratings 4 as reinforced supporting structures, which makes it possible to include a significant number of windrotors in the energy complex, the total throwing area of which increases by an order or more. The combination of the rotor orthogonal turbines 5 into blocks on the vertical shafts 6 serves the same purpose, which creates sufficient torques for converting their rotation into the rotation of the generator rotors through 1-2 step multipliers 7 with small gear ratios (i = 3-5). The rotors accelerate to high speeds, the power of generated electricity increases at least three times. At the same time, the energy consumption for animation is significantly lower than in horizontal-axis wind turbines equipped with planetary gearboxes, in which power losses reach 50-60%.

For self-orientation of this installation to the wind, the techniques used in the prototype and known devices are used, namely, counter-rotation of the turbines 5 on different sides of the carrier mast; the nature of the oncoming rotation, when the velocity vectors of the orthogonal blades coincide with the wind in their positions perpendicular to the air front, which is combined with the distance close to the limiting from the rotary node. Mentioned is insufficient and reinforced in the proposed energy complex by the fact that the support grids 4 symmetrically mast 1 converge towards the wind in vertical planes and at an acute angle. In a particularly unstable air environment (for example, the winter period in the steppe areas of Russia, Kazakhstan, etc.), special orienting planes (plumage) 9 may be additionally applicable.

Resource failure-free operation of the bearings of the rotary node 2 is increased, because supporting lattices 4 are statically balanced relative to the axis of rotation due to their equal weight and size indicators assembled with orthogonal turbines 5 and other structural elements (7, 8, 9). This quality of the energy complex is especially important for such high-rise buildings, when repair work has particular complexity and cost, and is associated with significant risks.

In the table below, as a practical example, the technical characteristics of the mainland multi-rotor energy complex and their comparison with the typical industrial installation of an “offshore” wind energy are given.

No. Options Power complex of 20 windrotors with a capacity of 20 kW each Typical propeller-blade wind turbine model "Micon 1500" one Generated Power, kW 600-800 500-600 2 Wind speed, m / s initial 0.5 4.0 nominal 8.0 15.0 3 Usage restrictions no only on coasts and shelves four Efficiency during continental operation,% 30-35 10-15 5 Dimensions of turbine units, m (45 x 25) x 25 43 (diameter) 6 Weight tons turbine (s) 3.6 5.7 generator (s) 6.0 9.0 Total: 9.6 14.7 7 Turbine rotation speed (s), r / m 150 41.5 8 Multiplier Type 1-2 speed planetary 9 Mast Height, m from 65 45 10 The need for forced orientation to the wind using an additional mechanism no Yes eleven Ability to protect turbine (s) from icing and birds Yes no 12 Economic indicators: expected actual - rise in the cost of electricity in comparison with network sources; 20-30% 3-4 times average investment in construction, EUR / kW; 1000-1100 1500-1600 - return on investment, years 4-5 10-12

Claims (2)

1. The main-purpose multivindrotor energy complex, consisting of a carrier mast, at the top of which there is a rotary unit with radially and oppositely directed traverses of equal length, characterized in that at least two identical support grids are installed on said traverses, in which the rotors with identical mass and dimensional data, their orthogonal turbines are combined into blocks on vertical shafts that transmit rotation through 1-2-stage multipliers, symmetric gratings As a rule, the mast converges in vertical planes at an acute angle, their centers of gravity assembled with wind rotors are balanced relative to the axis of rotation of the rotary assembly. 2. The energy complex according to claim 1, characterized in that in one of the horizontal tiers of the support grids from the axis of their vertical symmetry and in the leeward side there are flat orienting elements protruding beyond the outline of the base structure.

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