RU2365781C1 - Self-controlled wind-powered generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind-power engineering, more specifically to generating electrical energy using wind. The wind-powered generator has a shaft, a generator on a swivel mounting with windings on the shaft, and a tail piece. A cone nozzle with blades is mounted on the shaft in front of the generator. Blades are mounted on supporting arms with possibility of their rotation until their surface is parallel the axis of the shaft. The supporting arms have springs, one end of which is joined with the supporting arm and the other with the base of the blade. The springs are such that, during a wind storm, they provide for rotation of blades to a position where their surfaces are parallel the axis of the shaft.

EFFECT: invention provides for high output of electrical energy and self-control of the device.

9 dwg

Description

The inventive design relates to technology, in particular to the generation of electrical energy using wind flows in natural conditions.

“Wind is the oldest of all available sources of energy used by man,” writes Sven Udell in his book “Solar Energy and Other Alternative Energy Sources” // Publishing House: “Knowledge”. - M .: 1980, S. 72. From the 13th century the description from the Freme Orienten windmill has been preserved. In Greece, small windmills were a common occurrence, and in Rhodes they are found to this day. Since 806, the oldest mill in England has been located in Groyland. In Sweden, mills have been used previously to grind grain.

Denmark has become the foremost in Europe. As early as 1890, the first experiments began, and in 1895 a wind farm was launched. By 1918, there were already 120 wind farms with a capacity of 10-20 kW.

In the United States, from 1880 to 1930, 6 million wind farms were created for use on individual farms. Many of these stations are still operational. In 1941, a power station was built on a farm near Rutlond, which is a tower 33 meters high. The diameter of the mill's propeller is 53 meters, its mass is 160 tons, its rotation speed is 29 revolutions per minute, and its power is 150 kW. The station operated for 3 years, but then in 1945 the propeller broke down - its parts scattered from an unexpected hurricane wind. And now, due to hurricane winds, propellers installed at high altitudes are breaking, which is a big drawback and complicates repair work at heights.

“Because of the presence of calm at certain times, accumulated, stored electricity is used,” writes V.M.Usakovsky in his book “Renewable Energy Sources” // Publishing House: Rosselkhozizdat. - M .: 1986, p. 66. These include wind power units with a capacity of 0.25 kW for lighting, lifting water in the field. Most of these installations are described in the book by D.Z. Twidell, A.Ware, “Renewable Energy Sources” // Ed. Energoatom. - M .: 1990, S.195-239. Wind power plants from several kilowatts to megawatts are produced in Europe, the USA and other countries of the world. Most of these plants are used to produce electricity, both in grid power and in stand-alone mode. The usual speed of the wind flow is approximately 12 m / s, the power taken from 1 m ^{2 of the} swept area is about 300 W with a solid angle of 0.35-0.45 sr. The axis of rotation of the device is parallel to the air flow. In this case, the diameter of the propeller reaches from several to ten meters with installation on high supports.

The closest design adopted for the prototype is a wind generator of type "AVES-0,1", which does not have a tower, its wind wheel (propeller) is mounted directly on the shaft of the electric generator, and the installation of the wind wheel in the direction of the wind is provided by an aerodynamic rudder ( tail). Energy is stored in the battery.

The disadvantage of these designs is that there is not enough reliable self-management with various storm wind currents, especially large ones at a sufficiently high altitude. Because of this, frequent breakdowns of the propellers occur and considerable difficulty in cases of their repair with installation in place. In addition, the blades in terms of wind speed are distinguished by the fact that the blades are almost identical in length and in the upper part in width, which makes the blades reactive along their surface swept by the wind, but only work with certain wind flows. For this purpose, blades of a special type of curvature and shape with turbulence through the nose of a certain force are used.

The aim of the invention is the replenishment of energy resources in Russia, the development of the country's energy sector with the installation of "self-managed wind generators" (hereinafter - GHS) on the flat roofs of buildings with fixing their bases with load-bearing elements of the roof, ceilings, walls on a solid basis. HCV installation can be carried out on the roofs of newly constructed structures, such as various warehouses, cattle rooms, various distant objects where there is still no electricity or gas, and in other cases, especially for the village. For this purpose, in a HCV, including a shaft, a generator mounted on a rotating support with windings on the shaft, and a tail, the new thing is that a conical nozzle with blades is installed on the shaft in front of the generator, the blades are mounted on brackets with the possibility of their rotation before installing the surface of the blades parallel to the axis of the shaft, the brackets have springs, one end of which is connected to the bracket, and the other to the base of the blade, the springs being selected in such a way that they provide rotation of the blades in a storm when they are in a position where surfaces parallel to the axis of the shaft. Materials - plastic and metal.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

- figure 1 is a General view of a wind generator in a gale;

- figure 2 is a view of the blades from the end of the device in a gale, the springs are compressed to an angle of 90 degrees;

- figure 3 is a view of the blades from the end of the device with normal wind flows of 12-15 m / s, but depending on local conditions, this rate may be increased;

- figure 4 is a view of a special part of the blade on the bracket;

- figure 5 is a view of the working spring;

- 6 - position of the base of the scapula with a working wind;

- Fig.7 - the position of the base of the scapula with storm wind currents;

- Fig. 8 is a view of the main parts of the blade and its connection with them.

- Fig.9 is a General view of a wind generator with two nozzles of blades in a gale.

The numbers in the drawings indicate:

1 - base of the support

2 - turntable

3 - rotating support

4 - shaft on a support

5 - wind generator at the extension of the support

6 - Nozzles

7 - reactive wind blades

8 - mounting bracket

9 - a place of fastening of springs

10 - electrical wiring from the wind generator (electric generator) to the power grid

11 - aerodynamic steering wheel (tail)

12 - wind direction vector

13 - bracket

14 - the base of the scapula

15 - spring

16 - a place of a bend of a spring

17 - niche bracket.

So, the wind generator is self-controlled, including a shaft 4, a generator 5 mounted on a rotating support 2 with windings on the shaft, and a tail 11, in front of the generator 5 on the shaft 4 there is a conical nozzle 6 with blades 7, the blades 7 are mounted on brackets 13 with the possibility of rotation due to the bending of the spring 15 in place 16 before installing the surface of the blades parallel to the axis of the shaft 4, the brackets 13 have springs 15, one end of which 16 (1) is connected to the bracket 13 by means of a niche 17, and the second - 15 (1) with the base 14 of the blade, moreover, the springs 15 are selected so that provide rotation when the storm wind vanes 7 up to a position where their surfaces are parallel to the axis of the shaft 4.

The conical part of the nozzle 6 creates turbulence, increasing the pressure arising by the vortex wind flows on the sweeping surface of the reactive blades 7. This should also happen with two nozzles of the blades 7, but with a single shaft 4 on bearings (not shown) at the ends of the nozzles 6.

The device operates as follows. As shown in FIG. 1, an incident working wind stream 12 causes the shafts 4 to rotate with the help of blades 7, which is common for the electric generator 5 and cone nozzle 6. The electric power generated by this flows through wires 10. Self-controlled wind generators can be different. For example, in order to accumulate electric energy in batteries, sufficient for the operation of tractors and combines. At the same time, tractors and combines must be transferred from diesel engines to electric motors, but, therefore, it is necessary to connect sufficiently large wind generators, increase the size of nozzles, blades on the nozzles, and thereby increase the number of wind generators in one or another point of their application. The smallest power self-controlled wind generator can be put into operation for lighting, for example, cattle rooms, a warehouse, remote buildings with flat roofs, where there is no electricity. With a typical wind speed of 10-12 m / s, taken from 1 m ^{2 of} swept area of the order of 250-300 W with an angle value of 0.30-0.45 sr, energy is accumulated in the battery, from where it is used for the above objects. The presence of special springs 15 that can put into working position with normal winds and stop the blades 7 in stormy winds, and then again put the blades 7 in working position when the storms cease, makes the device self-governing, and the shape of the blades 7, i.e. length and width, increases the pressure on the blades by the emerging vortex flows on the sweeping surface of the reactive (additionally reinforced by the wind) blades.

A self-managed wind generator can be included in the measures taken by the Russian government to further develop energy, especially for agriculture, in particular with increased production of accumulated electric energy during self-management of work. In other words, the special shape and dimensions of the blades along the length and width with the conical part of the nozzle create turbulence, increasing the pressure arising by the vortex wind flows on the swept surface of the blades with the receipt of additional increased accumulated electric energy with self-control of the device. EFFECT: obtaining increased accumulated electric energy and self-control in the operation of the device.

Claims (1)

A self-controlled wind generator, including a shaft, a generator mounted on a rotating support with windings on the shaft, and a tail, characterized in that a conical nozzle with blades is installed on the shaft in front of the generator, the blades are mounted on brackets with the possibility of rotation until the blades surface is parallel to the shaft axis, the brackets have springs, one end of which is connected to the bracket, and the other end to the base of the blade, and the springs are selected in such a way that they provide rotation of the blades in a gale, When their surfaces which are parallel to the shaft axis.

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