RU2504501C1 - Seaplane fuselage (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly, to seaplanes. Seaplane fuselage comprises bottom. Fuselage tail part has lengthwise taper section with horizontal or V-like gliding plate arranged under said section. Fuselage has step or steps composed of articulated rod-controlled gliding surfaces arranged flush with the skin. Said rod extends in tube with its top part located above static waterline level.

EFFECT: lower drag at gliding, better airflow in flight, relatively smooth running in water.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aviation.

There are known seaplanes that can be conventionally divided into three groups according to the method of sailing: having a “flying boat” hull of sufficient width for stability, having a “flying boat” hull with additional support floats on the wings, and having two large elongated floats that fully provide buoyancy and stability, see Internet at www.hydroplane.ru. This invention relates to all three types of aircraft.

The requirements for the underwater part of seaplanes are very contradictory.

1. It should have low hydrodynamic drag during navigation (that is, before planing), since the available specific thrust of seaplanes is usually small.

2. For the same reason, the resistance of the underwater part of the fuselage should have as smooth a hump of resistance as it reaches the planing.

3. Since the splashdown speed is quite high by water standards, the underwater part of the fuselage should provide a relatively smooth ride on waves.

4. During take-off and, especially, during landing, the desired position of the gliding force vector is necessary, since it is not uncommon to bury an airplane with its nose in a wave and even tip over through its nose.

5. Good airflow around the underwater fuselage in flight mode.

The objective and technical result of the invention is the comprehensive satisfaction of all these five requirements.

OPTION 1. For this, the underwater part of the fuselage has, as usual, a pointed nose of the boat type, and the rear of the fuselage has a narrowing in the longitudinal direction, under which it has a horizontal or V-shaped planing plane.

This plate in water at low speed and in air during flight is located longitudinally to the flow, and therefore practically does not affect the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic drag. But in the exit mode for planing, when the plate is located at an angle of attack to the flow of water, a large lifting force is formed on it.

Thus, this plate does not spoil the flow either in water or in the air, but allows the seaplane to enter the planing mode, without which it cannot take off. Moreover, with a small hump of resistance, since the flow in water from a low to a large speed occurs gradually.

OPTION 2. To control the water gliding force vector, the aircraft may have a released redan / s in the form of articulated flush-mounted planing surfaces controlled by a rod passing through a pipe, the upper end of which is located above the level of the static waterline. Redan can be one if the planing part of the bottom has a flat section - hydro-skiing, or there can be two, if the bottom is V-shaped. Redan should be located in such a place on the bottom of the fuselage so that the vector of the force arising on it passes through the center of mass of the aircraft or at least as close to it as possible.

Such redan / redany with their excessive deviation can be used as water brakes.

It is desirable that the propeller of the aircraft (propellers) does not give reactive torque, so that there is no need for a large opening force on the ailerons or flaperons. It is best to use two engines on wings rotating in opposite directions (gears can be used), or two engines above the fuselage in a pull-push connection, or four engines - two on wings - one pulling and the other pushing, and it’s possible to one gondola, but you can in different. For light-engine aviation in the latter case, you can use motor heads from outboard engines such as "Whirlwind" or similar.

For a single-engine aircraft, it is desirable to use the “Staroverov Propeller”, which does not give a reactive moment.

Figure 1 shows a seaplane containing the fuselage 1, the bottom 2 of which has a V-shaped planing plate 3 at the rear. On the V-shaped bottom there are also two controlled redans 4.

Figure 2 shows a bottom view only on the bottom of the seaplane, the plate 3, not beyond the size of the bottom, is hatched by dotted hatching. Above it, water and air can freely flow around the pointed back of the fuselage.

Figure 3 shows a cross section of a seaplane along aa. The V-shaped planing plate 3 is clearly visible. The side panels may have the undercut shown in the sketch to increase the internal volume of the fuselage (trunk) or may not have it.

Figure 4 shows the device deflected redana 4. It is pivotally mounted in front of the existing niche 5 in the bottom 2, and is controlled by a rod 6 passing through the pipe 7, the upper cut of which is above the level of the static waterline. There may be a rubber corrugated pipe at this point.

The seaplane operates as follows. Redan 4 has been removed from the parking lot, and the aircraft is able to take off with minimal hydrodynamic resistance over the entire speed range. When starting, after reaching a certain speed, if necessary, redan 4 can be rejected to increase pitch. When landing to prevent burying your nose in the wave, the redan can be released in advance. Rejecting it to a more optimal value, you can use it as a brake, reducing the landing distance. When taxiing at low speed, you can not remove it due to the insignificance of its resistance at low speed. But nevertheless, it is better to remove it in order to avoid damage, for example, when pulling the nose of an airplane off the coast, when moving backwards.

The use of this invention will reduce the distance of takeoff and landing and will increase air speed.

Claims (2)

1. The fuselage of the seaplane, containing the bottom and characterized in that the rear of the fuselage has a narrowing in the longitudinal direction, under which it has a horizontal or V-shaped planing plane. 2. The fuselage of the seaplane, containing the bottom and characterized in that it has produced redan / redans in the form of articulated flush with sheathing planing surfaces controlled by a rod passing through a pipe, the upper end of which is located above the level of the static waterline.

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